We have always been proud of our Features
section. It provides a place for articles of a more theoretical or methodological
flavour and for reflections on the development of the discipline of archaeology. Scott Hutson presents an analysis of the discourse on prestige in American academic
archaeology, which he has laced with statistics derived from a number of
recent surveys of the discipline's practitioners. Is it the case, as he contends,
that academicians will always vie for prestige, and the best we can do is to
expose the contest, or can we restructure academic institutions along more
egalitarian and communitarian lines? David Turner assails one of
the most revered and enduring cultural identities in the Western historical
'metanarrative' -- Romanitas. He does so by unravelling the complexities of the definition of 'Byzantium',
or the Eastern Roman Empire: why do Greeks still sometimes refer to their homeland
as 'Romanness'? Read on.
STRATEGIES FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF PRESTIGE IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL
DISCOURSE
by S.
Hutson
Abstract
Social, political, and economic concerns in the present
govern the production of knowledge about the past. As such, archaeological
discourse is ordered by a set of constraints and rewards. The order of discourse
determines who is licensed to contribute knowledge and what types of knowledge
generate academic capital. Since academic capital is unequally distributed, the
struggle to define the system of constraints and rewards involves relations of
power. By examining hiring practices, rhetoric, and access to publication, this
paper embarks on a critical sociology of power relations within archaeology and
illuminates discursive constraints and their strategic use in reproducing or
transforming discourse.
RUMINATIONS ON ROMANISATION IN THE EAST: OR, THE METANARRATIVE IN
HISTORY
by D.
Turner
Abstract
This paper is a rumination on Romanisation and attendant
problems of historical theory with relation to the eastern part of the Roman
empire, where Rome survived as a political entity until 1453. A brief
introduction discusses how the term Romanisation may be meaningful for the
eastern Mediterranean basin in ideological terms, namely in the form of a
'metanarrative'. I argue that the Roman imperial ideology is of fundamental
importance in any interpretation of Romanisation in the East, where the eastern
Roman Empire (Byzantium) continued to develop a universal metanarrative that
originated not only in Rome but also in fourth-century BCE Greek and Persian
metanarratives that fused to form the Hellenistic world. The subsequent history
of the eastern Roman empire can be understood in terms of 're-Romanisations'
rather than as a drawn out fragmentation or 'decline'. Some comments are also be
made on how we can define a Roman material record. The conceptual model of the
metanarrative may assist historians in understanding complex developments in the
eastern Mediterranean and, by way of comparison and contrast, in defining the
meaning of Romanisation in the West more clearly. It may also help radically to
challenge the prevailing Western metanarrative which has a very specific
political purpose.
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