• Introduction
• Overview
• Downloads
• Query
• Map
• Metadata
• Usage Statistics

Data copyright © University of Reading unless otherwise stated

This work is licensed under the ADS Terms of Use and Access.

Primary contact

Prof Michael Fulford
Professor of Archaeology
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science
University of Reading
Whiteknights
PO Box 218
Reading
RG6 6AA
England
Tel: 0118 3788048

Send e-mail enquiry

Resource identifiers

• ADS Collection: 1352
• DOI:https://doi.org/10.5284/1030449
• How to cite using this DOI

Welton villa (East Riding)

The map above shows the site in its geographical and thematic context, to view all other sites from the database in this view select 'All sites' from the list of layers.

Published Sources

R Mackey (1999) The Welton villa - a view of social and economic change during the Roman period in East Yorkshire, in Halkon P (ed.), Further light on the Parisi: Recent research in Iron Age and Roman East Yorkshire, p.21-32

Database ID	35074
Site Type (Major)	Rural settlement
Site Type (Minor)	farm, villa, shrine, quarry, field system
Non Domestic Stucture	corndrier, well, SFB
Region	North-East
County	East Riding
Summary	Rescue excavations in advance of quarrying between 1971-1977 revealed an extensive villa landscape. The site is yet to be fully published however. Pre-Roman occupation consisted of a small sub-rectangular enclosure farm with a roundhouse at the junction of two droveways (1stC BC?-late 1stC AD). The early villa was built no later than the beginning of the 2ndC AD. This main villa was a small cottage-style corridor structure, accompanied the laying out of an extensive complex of enclosures, an aisled building, another stone building, 2 timber houses, two stock pens, quarries, trackways, field-systems, at least 9 corn-driers (one in an SFB), a well, a five-poster granary, and a possible shrine/mausoleum (a 13m2 squared enclosure). The complex stretched across approximately 8-10ha. The corridor villa lasted until the early 5thC AD but without much modification (i.e. no bathhouse, new wings, or hypocausts). The well was back-filled mid-2ndC AD possibly as a 'ritual closure'. 68 animals were placed in the well (see zooarch). The site underwent reorganisation in the late 3rdC AD. Fences or hedgerows which characterised the earlier settlement were replaced by deep ditches for rectilinear fields. More buildings and further SFBs with corndriers were placed in different areas of the site. 14 corn-driers in total were found in this phase, including T-shaped driers inserted into aisled halls, and reflect the shift in the plant remains from a dominance of wheat in the early period to a mixture of wheat and barley in the later phases. This was linked to a shift from purely arable to a greater focus on animal husbandry. In the mid-4thC AD the villa complex had shrunk back to under half its greatest extent and was restricted to the main villa enclosure. The burial pattern changed, whilst grain was still being produced on a large scale, some being milled mechanically. The settlement was abandoned in the early 5thC AD.
Organisation	Department of the Environment
Area of investigation (ha)	Not recorded
Easting	497400
Northing	427900
Start Date	-50
End Date	410
Rural settlement form	complex
Number of circular buildings	1
Number of rectangular buildings	6
Paddocks	Evidence
Multi-room building	Evidence
Aisled building	Evidence
Masonry building	Evidence
Trackway/Road	Evidence
Structured deposits	Evidence

Burial data
Burials summary	Burials of the early villa phase were noted but no details were given other than that they were found to have been crouched/flexed. 3rdC AD burials were said to have been placed in small graves, with one lain prone. In the final phase a distinct cemetery appears to have been placed with bodies respecting each other on the same alignment, with some placed in coffins.
Burials start date	100
Burials end date	400
Prone burial	Present
Flexed burial	Present
Burials with coffins	Present
Disarticulated bone	Not present or no data
Animal bone	Not present or no data
Associated settlement	Present
Associated enclosure	Not present or no data
Grave goods	Not present or no data

Brooch data
Brooch summary	No report available

Coins data
Coin summary	No report available

Other finds data
Finds summary	No report available. Millstones may have been present as suggested by the article.
Iron slag	Not present or no data
Hobnails	Not present or no data
Evidence for salt production	Not present or no data
Evidence for bone-working	Not present or no data
Evidence for metalworking	Not present or no data
Structural worked stone	Present
Painted plaster	Not present or no data
Window glass	Not present or no data
Tesselated floor/mosaic	Not present or no data
Tiled roof	Not present or no data
Briquetage	Not present or no data
Inscriptions	Not present or no data
Hypocaust	Not present or no data
Evidence for Christianity	Not present or no data

Pottery data
Pottery summary	No report available Crambeck ware and samian noted as present.
Religious vessels	Not present or no data
Pottery wasters	Not present or no data
Graffito	Not present or no data
Amphora presence	Not present or no data
Mortarium presence	Not present or no data
Samian presence	Present

Plant data
The data below is divided into an overarching record for the whole site and, if recorded, separate records for individual phases.
Summary	No report available but Vanessa Straker is said to have carried out some analysis.
Evidence for malting	No evidence
Evidence for horticultural crops	No evidence
Overall
Evidence for hay meadows	No evidence
Evidence for imported foods	No evidence

Zooarchaeological data
The data below is divided into an overarching record for the whole site and, if recorded, separate records for individual phases.
Summary	68 animals were placed in the well, including 15 dogs and puppies, 28 cats and kittens, 20 sheep, 1 goat, 2 cows, 2 horses, and 22 wild animals (Deer? Foxes? Badgers? No details!).
Sheep/Goat NISP	21
Other wild mammal NISP	22
Cattle NISP	2
Cattle ABGs	2
Sheep/Goat ABGs	21
Horse ABGs	2
Cat NISP	28
End date	200
Total bone fragments	68
Dog NISP	15
Cat ABGs	28
Fish	No
Egg shell	No
Assemblage sieved?	No
ABGs in NISP	No
Dog ABGs	15
Other wild mammal ABGs	22
Marine shell	No
Overall
Horse NISP	2
Start date	100

Faunal Ageing data
The data below is divided into an overarching record for the whole site and, if recorded, separate records for individual phases. Concordance with existing published ageing criteria is provided in the tables below Cattle Age category Grant stage Halstead stage Maltby stage Neonate 0-2 A 1 Juvenile 3-16 B-C 2-3 Subadult 17-37 D-E 4-5 Young adult 38-42 F 6 Adult >43 G 7 Elderly >43 H-I 7 Sheep/Goat Age category Grant stage Payne stage Payne stage Maltby stage Neonate 0-1 A 0-2 months 1 Juvenile 2-17 B-C 2-12 months 2-3 Immature 18-28 D 1-2 years 4 Subadult 28-39 E-F 2-4 years 5-6 Adult >40 G 4-6 years 7 Elderly >40 H-I 6-10 years 7 Pig Age category Grant stage Hambleton stage Maltby stage O'Connor stage Neonate 0-1 A 1 Juvenile 2-14 B-C 2-3 juvenile Immature 15-25 D-E 4-5 immature Subadult 26-35 F 6 subadult Adult 36-41 G 7 adult Elderly >42 H-I 8 elderly
Summary	No report available
Evidence of neonatal (unknown) bones	No
Evidence of neonatal horse bones	No
Evidence of neonatal domestic fowl	No
Evidence of neonatal sheep/goat bones	No
Phase - Overall
Evidence of neonatal cattle bones	No
Evidence of neonatal pig bones	No

Site plans (published sources):

Save Resource

Title

Save to myAds Resources

Share This Page

Email

Print

Twitter Facebook MySpace

Delicous Stumble Digg

More Destinations

Newsfeeds

ADS Newsfeed ADS Collections Newsfeed

Help

Website Archsearch Archives

Contact Us