Wharncliffe Woods (Sheffield section). Part of the 'Wharncliffe-Greno Upland' as defined by L.H Butcher (1957), the archaeological potential of which is summarised in Latham (1994). This area is rich in archaeology of the Iron Age, Roman, Medieval and Industrial periods. This area part of a fringe of densely wooded steep slopes that extends to the south into the Barnsley district before re-entering Sheffield as Greno and Hall Woodlands (HSY2751). In this area two main west facing steep slopes are punctuated by the lower coal measure sandstone escarpment known as 'Wharncliffe Crags' and a short deforested dip slope (known as Wharncliffe Heath), characterised by an area of impoverished soil thought to be the result of vegetative changes after the clearance of woodland (Percy 1996). Clustered around the Wharncliffe Crags are the important and scheduled remains of the quern manufacturing site (Scheduled Ancient Monument 1253 and SMR PRN539) that gives this area its name - Wharncliffe is referred to in a 1265 estate document in the Wortley archives as "Qwerncliffe" (Butcher 1957, 38). The quern manufacturing remains lie to either side of the escarpment on both the heath and the wooded slopes below to the east and west respectively. Over 2,300 quern roughouts have been recorded on this site in addition to contemporary working floors and tracks making it "of considerable national and international significance" (Miller pers com 1997) as it is both "by far the most extensive quern working site in the country" and "has a range of other archaeological sites and features, some of which are almost certainly contemporary with the quern site and related to it". Both 'beehive' and 'flat disc' querns were quarried and manufactured at this site both known from Roman contexts although 'beehive' querns are known also from Middle Iron Age sites. It is possible that the site was exploited on a smaller scale in the post-medieval period (Pearson and Oswald 1999). By the late medieval period it is likely that these woodlands were part of the 'Wortley Old Deer Park' (SMR PRN 2955) granted through a license of free warren in 1252 (Percy 1996) and enlarged in 1510 when a hunting lodge was erected on the edge of Wharncliffe Chase on the site of the present 18th century Wharncliffe Lodge (SMR PRN154). post-medieval management of the woods is likely to have been closely related to the production of charcoal for use in local industrial furnaces. Significant legibility of Romano British industrial production site.