This area, which is based on elements of the Grenoside Conservation Area and the village as shown on the 1851 OS, shows an area of principally 18th and 19th century character. "There can be no doubt that the name [Greno] originally relates to the prominent hill above Greno wood [Greno Knoll]" (Smith Vol 1 p246) with the early form 'Gravenhou' forming a compound placename form based on the Old English 'grafan' meaning 'to excavate' and the Old Norse 'haugr' meaning 'mound' or 'natural eminence' - therefore "Greno would denote 'excavated hill' or 'quarry hill'" (ibid). Sandstone quarrying continued in this area until the 1960s. Smith records Grenoside as a separate related placename used to denote the location of the present village as 'on the hillside' and not recorded until the 16th and 17th century (ibid). The post-medieval date for the establishment of a nucleated village at Grenoside is perhaps supported by the archaeological evidence so far known. The plan of the present village carries none of the features usually associated with planned medieval settlements, there is no known church, manor or market place to suggest a focus, no obvious area of 'burgage plots' and no clear open field system appears to have been fossilised is the surrounding area, which was - until its urbanisation - characterised with a pattern of irregular piecemeal enclosure more often associated with dispersed settlement. Evidence for a late medieval or early post-medieval hamlet may be inferred from the presence of two known cruck framed buildings within the south west of the village (the local date range of surviving crucks is generally though to be the 14th-17th centuries (Ryder 1979)). These buildings survive at Hill Top Farm and Prior Royd Farm (Morley 1984) Scurfield's reconstruction of the early 17th century landscape of this area (based on Harrison's 1637 survey) (Scurfield 1986) indicates that early settlement at Grenoside was sited on the edge of common land, possibly originating as a squatter settlement. Most of the present property boundaries in the village appear to result from post-medieval planning, with straight surveyed boundaries predominating - many are thought to date to the parliamentary enclosure of the moor in 1789 (Morley 1984). The metal trades appear to have been an important factor in the development of Grenoside with a number of residents listed as members of the Cutlers company in the 17th century, in addition to a thriving nail making industry at the same time (ibid). Iron founding was developed by the Walker family on Cupola Lane in the 1740s, before their expansion into ever larger premises (with better communications) in Masborough (see HSY544). The name of this lane probably originates in either the air furnaces built here by Aaron Walker or the cementation furnace constructed around 1749 (Morley 1984). The Grenoside steelworks remained in the hands of the Walker family until 1823 when they were taken over by the Aston family. By 1825, 3 separate crucible steel works are known to have been in operation with 12 melting holes on Cupola, 18 holes at Top Side and 12 holes on Stephen Lane. Traces of these furnaces survive at Topside and Stephen Lane. The site of the works at Cupola has been built over by late 20th century housing. The SMR records a further 8 sites of workshops and file cutting sheds in Grenoside, mostly within surviving vernacular buildings. The improvement of transport communications to Grenoside are represented by the Sheffield-Halifax turnpike built in 1777 (Smith 1997). Buildings along this road are largely 19th century in origin and include a Primitive Methodist Church, National school, vernacular public houses and inns, and workers housing. There has been some late 20th century infill of vacant plots throughout the later 20th century. Significant legibility of relict rural industrial buildings some of which predate the formal enclosure of the former Greno Moor in 1789 (English, 1985).