The first identifiable activity was a 9th century E-W trackway which had been followed by the laying out of a number of sub-rectangular enclosures and N-S trackways in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. The farmstead incorporated a number of timber halls and a large gateway structure.
A number of irregular features cutting the chalk bedrock were filled with sterile orange-brown silty clay (I.1). These are interpreted as natural features or animal burrows and have been assigned to Period I.
In Period II the first human activity on the site is represented by a number of shallow east-west ditches (II.1) which had been severely truncated by later ploughing. These are interpreted as marking the first laying out of a series of trackways in the 9th century AD.
Period III is marked by a re-organisation of the landscape, and is the main phase of Anglo-Scandinavian activity. A number of sub-rectangular ditched enclosures were now established with a gate and massive ditch with internal rampart at the S. end of the site (III.1). There were two phases of ditches on either side of the main N-S trackway. To the N. there were a number of post-hole buildings (III.2) as well as a large quarry hole (III.3). This activity is dated to the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Towards the end of Period III the site was abandoned and the buildings were demolished and the ditches backfilled, followed by a period of silting in the hollows left by former features (III.4).
Finally, Period IV saw the build up of ploughsoil (IV.2) across the site, including at least one episode of deep ploughing (IV.1).
Summary
cut | 4063 | 4079 | 4081 | 4083 | 4089 | 4098 | 4105 | 4107 | 4120 | 4129 | 4142 | 4183 | 4269 | 4278 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4062 | 4076 | 4080 | 4082 | 4088 | 4097 | 4104 | 4106 | 4119 | 4128 | 4141 | 4182 | 4268 | 4277 |
Throughout the site there were a number of irregular shallow features (4063, 4079, 4081, 4083, 4089, 4098, 4105, 4107, 4120, 4129, 4142, 4183, 4269, 4278) filled with fairly clean orange brown silty clay (4062, 4076, 4080, 4082, 4088, 4097, 4104, 4106, 4119, 4128, 4141, 4182, 4268, 4277). On the surface it was often difficult to distinguish these from post-holes, although excavation revealed that they lacked regular sides or flat bases, contained no evidence of packing, and did not generally contain any finds. They also tended to be concentrated in areas where the natural took the form of weathered "pea-grit" chalk or chalk gravel.
These features form no obvious pattern and are interpreted as the result of natural activity caused by animal or root disturbance. The fact that they tended to be concentrated in areas where the natural chalk was more easily dug might suggest that they are the remains of animal burrows, although these might have resulted from the initial exploitation of root hollows. The age of these features in uncertain but it is suggested that many may have been of considerable antiquity and all have been grouped together as a first period for the sake of convenience.
4047 | 4054 | 4055 | 4084 | 4086 | 4087 | 4092 | 4093 | 4108 | 4109 | 4117 | 4118 | 4123 | 4126 | 4127 | 4134 | 4135 | 4160 | 4161 |
4174 | 4175 | 4208 | 4209 | 4210 | 4211 | 4258 | 4259 | 4310 | 4311 |
Amongst the earliest features detected were a number of shallow truncated ditches running ENE/WSW across the N part of the excavation, growing shallower to the W.
A broad composite feature, some 5m wide, ran across the N part of the excavation. Along the N. edge there was a primary ditch cut (4087), 1.65m wide x 0.05m deep, filled with dark red brown silty clay (4086) with a lens of clay loam (4123). The primary fill contained a sherd of pottery (sf96). This appeared to have been recut by a narrower U-shaped gully (4084), 0.38m wide x 0.1m deep, filled with red brown silty loam (4047). The gully continued to the W. edge of the excavation as cut 4055 with fill 4054. To the E. the fills were later covered by general silting (III.4: 4002). Along the ridge running along the N. edge of 4084 was a line of stake-holes (cuts 4109, 4118, 4311; fills 4108, 4117, 4310), generally 0.13m in diameter x 0.1m in depth. The stake-holes were placed at 1m intervals and are interpreted as representing a fence line running along the N. side of the trackway. There was a fourth (cut 4259; fill 4258) at the E. end, possibly representing a replacement for 4246.
Along the S. edge was a similar shallow ditch (4135, 4175), 0.7m wide x 0.1m deep, with a orange brown silty loam fill (4134, 4174). This contained a number of finds, including a sherd of pottery (sf128). Here there were also traces of recut gullies (4209, 4211) c.0.15m wide x 0.05m deep, again with silty loam fills (4208, 4210). The S. gully continued to the W. as cut 4093 with fill 4092. A pottery oil lamp (sf58) was recovered from this fill.
There was a shallow groove (4161), 0.25-0.45m wide x 0.05-0.12m in depth, possibly a wagon-rut, running down the approximate centre of the trackway. Its fill (4160) was a clean orange brown silty clay.
To the W. there was a fragment of gully (4127) up to 0.6m wide x 0.2m deep, on a similar alignment, filled with mid brown silty loam (4126). This was also cut by the NS enclosure boundary and appears be to of the same date as the other EW features, although its relationship with them is unclear.
All these features appeared to grow narrower and shallower to the W., until they disappeared. This may be the result of deeper truncation at this side.
Wherever intersections were examined these features were cut by N/S features. They are interpreted as the first 9th-century arrangement of the land, and may relate to subsidiary track ways and ditches running from the NS sunken trackway to the W of the excavation
4001 | 4102 | 4103 | 4114 | 4124 | 4125 | 4147 | 4151 | 4152 | 4157 | 4164 | 4173 | 4177 | 4181 | 4195 | 4196 | 4197 | 4204 | 4238 |
4239 | 4249 | 4250 | 4251 | 4253 | 4260 | 4261 | 4264 | 4265 | 4266 | 4267 | 4274 | 4275 | 4276 | 4281 | 4282 | 4298 | 4302 | 4303 |
4304 | 4305 | 4306 | 4307 | 4308 | 4309 |
Period III was marked by the laying out of a number of enclosures. Geophysical survey had revealed the full extent of several of these, but parts of two were within the excavated area, separated by a N-S trackway. The area to the S. of the excavation appears to have been left open, outside the enclosures. There were then massive incurving ditches, on both sides of the excavation, forming either side of a substantial entrance way. The trackway led N. into the interior of the farmstead, and either side was marked by much smaller ditches. To the E. was a large sub-rectangular enclosure, apparently without any internal structures, and interpreted as a stock enclosure. To the W. was a second enclosure; although most of it was beyond the edge of excavation, several post-holes suggest the presence of timber structures. The trackway led to the N. end of the site where a concentration of post-holes suggests that there were several phases of timber buildings.
The E. side of the entrance was sectioned in two places, revealing a massive ditch (4207) c.5-6m wide x 0.6 deep but deepening to 0.8m towards the butt end. The ditch had been terraced into the natural chalk. Its outer edge sloped gradually to the base, although at the butt end it sloped more steeply. The inside edge was more steeply graded, once again especially so at the butt end. The base was narrow but flat bottomed, presumably for drainage. At the centre of the butt end there were traces of an E-W ridge of compacted chalk (4309), 0.4m wide x 0.2m high. This had been cut by a substantial post-hole (4282), 0.35m in diameter. There was a second post-hole (4308) with chalk rubble packing (4307) 1m to the E. These features are interpreted as the foundations for a massive timber gateway structure.
This ditch appeared to have been kept clean as there was no evidence of silting. Along the N. edge there appears to have been a substantial chalk rampart as a layer of large subangular chalk blocks was pushed into the ditch when the entrance was demolished, towards the end of Period III. At this stage the large entrance way posts were removed, and the holes backfilled with reddish brown silty clay loam (4253). The rampart was pushed into the ditch from the N., leaving a tumble of substantial subangular chalk blocks (4302) on the N. side of the ditch. A thick layer of red brown silty loam with abundant large chalk blocks (4264), 0.3-0.4m deep, was then dumped in the bottom of the ditch. This layer was relatively sterile of finds, although two sherds of pottery were recovered (sfs170, 178). This was followed by a massive layer of red brown silty clay with common chalk blocks of all sizes (4204). This also contained few finds, apart from one sherd of pottery (sf153).
To the N. the ditches on either side of the main entrance were much narrower and shallower, until they disappeared altogether. There was a gully on each side of the main entrance trackway, creating a ditched enclosure on each side.
These gullies were sectioned at several points, revealed different depositional sequences. Some 5m within the entrance the gullies were initially broad and flat-bottomed. To the W. cut 4274 was a shallow feature, c.0.15m deep, and over 1m wide; to the E. cut 4173 was 0.2-0.3m deep and c.2m wide. Each had been backfilled with reddish brown silty clay loam with abundant chalk fragments (4197 and 4164 respectively). In this area each ditch had then be recut, to the W. by an irregular cut (4250), 0.4m deep x c.1m wide; to the E. by a U-shaped cut (4114), 0.3m deep x 0.4m wide. To the W. there was a primary fill of light brown silty clay loam with frequent small chalk fragments (4251), followed by a layer of silty clay loam with larger chalk fragments (4249) which also contained lenses of carbonised seeds. This was followed by a clean fill of reddish brown silty clay loam (4177), and finally a much rubblier layer (4181), possibly building up after subsidence of the earlier fills. To the E. the ditch here contained just a single fill of a clean reddish brown clay loam (4147) which contained a sherd of pottery (sf134). It is assumed that each ditch had an associated bank, on the inside edge of the enclosures.
To the N, the gully on the W. side of the track appeared to comprise just a single U-shaped cut (4103) with steep sides and a flat base, varying in depth from 0.3-0.4m. It had been backfilled with dark red brown sandy loam (4102) with abundant chalk fragments. A number of potsherds (sfs100, 124, 125) were recovered from this fill.
To the S. the gully (4298) started to curve to the W. and broadened to form the W. side of the gateway. Here it had been cut down into the chalk bedrock and it had gently sloping terraced sides and a flat base. The various fills were excavated as 4281 in this area; two potsherds (sfs189, 190) were recovered from them. There was a substantial post-hole (4306), c.0.75m in diameter x 0.5m deep, dug into the edge of the ditch. Its fill (4305) was indistinguishable from the backfill of the ditch. There was also a second, apparently small post-hole (4304) 0.4m in diameter x 0.2m deep, with a dark brown silty loam fill (4303) just beyond the edge of the ditch. Together these two holes probably correspond with the pair of post-holes (4282, 4308) on the E side of the entrance way.
Running down the centre of the trackway was a shallow groove (4276), c. 0.2m wide x 0.05m deep. This had a clay loam fill (4275) from which a ae pin (sf188) was recovered towards the S. end. Rather than following the W curve of the side gully this central groove continued directly to the S. where it cut the fills of an earlier shallow gully feature.
This was a two phase gully which was excavated in the SW. corner of the excavation. The first phase comprised a shallow cut (4267) c.0.5m wide, with a fill of dark brown silty clay loam with occasional chalk fragments (4157). Large quantities of fuel ash slag were recovered from this deposit, in an area some 3 x 2m, against the W. baulk. It also contained a hone stone (sf54) lead slag (sfs56, 107) and a potsherd (sf160). This ditch later appears to have been recut by a second shallow scoop (4266) with a similar fill (4265) which contained two ae pins (sf135, 140) and a potsherd (sf150). There was a small post-hole (4196 with a soft brown fill 4195) in the angle between ditches 4267 and 4298. There were two parallel slots (4239, 4261) to the E. of ditch 4266). The first was at least 2m in length and 0.1m deep; the second was of similar depth but much shorter. The fills (4238, 4260) were clean orange brown silty clay, similar in consistency to that of many of the natural hollows on site. However, although they were devoid of finds, these slots appeared too regular to be the result of animal or root action, and are interpreted as fence lines running N. towards the entrance way.
In the NE. corner of the excavation there was a short section of ditch (4151) running into the baulk. In one area the sides of the cut (4152) were extremely weathered, the natural chalk having been exposed for some time at this point. From its continuation observed on the geophysical survey this feature is interpreted as the E. return of the W. enclosure boundary ditch. The ditch was backfilled with reddish brown clay loam (4001) which contained a fragment of Fe blade (sf88).
A short stretch of gully (4125), 0.8m wide x 0.3m deep, on the same alignment, with a dark brown silty clay fill (4124) is also assumed to belong to this phase, although whilst it has the same stratigraphic relationship as them, it shows no obvious relationship to the other Period III features.
cut | 4010 | 4028 | 4034 | 4046 | 4049 | 4051 | 4065 | 4067 | 4069 | 4071 | 4073 | 4075 | 4096 | 4100 | 4010 | 4111 | 4113 | 4115 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4003 | 4005 | 4033 | 4045 | 4048 | 4050 | 4064 | 4066 | 4068 | 4070 | 4072 | 4074 | 4095 | 4099 | 4090 | 4094 | 4085 | 4112 | 4110 |
cut | 4122 | 4131 | 4133 | 4137 | 4140 | 4144 | 4146 | 4150 | 4155 | 4156 | 4159 | 4163 | 4168 | 4169 | 4171 | 4180 | 4185 | 4187 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4121 | 4130 | 4132 | 4136 | 4138 | 4139 | 4143 | 4145 | 4149 | 4154 | 4153 | 4158 | 4162 | 4167 | 4166 | 4170 | 4179 | 4184 | 4186 |
cut | 4189 | 4194 | 4199 | 4201 | 4203 | 4206 | 4213 | 4215 | 4217 | 4219 | 4221 | 4223 | 4225 | 4227 | 4229 | 4231 | 4233 | 4235 | 4237 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4188 | 4193 | 4198 | 4200 | 4202 | 4205 | 4212 | 4214 | 4216 | 4218 | 4220 | 4222 | 4224 | 4226 | 4228 | 4230 | 4232 | 4234 | 4236 |
cut | 4241 | 4252 | 4255 | 4257 | 4263 | 4271 | 4273 | 4280 | 4284 | 4291 | 4293 | 4295 | 4297 | 4299 | 4300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4240 | 4172 | 4254 | 4256 | 4262 | 4270 | 4272 | 4279 | 4283 | 4290 | 4292 | 4294 | 4296 | 4301 |
There was a large number of round or sub-rectangular holes cut into the natural chalk, particularly towards the N. end of the excavation. These were recognised as regularly shaped patches of dark soil although upon excavation several transpired to be natural hollows (see I.1). On the other hand, others were clearly post-holes with dark fills, regular sides and flat bottoms, and packing stones around the edges. The fills also sometimes contained find.
It was impossible to define any clear structures during the excavation, and these remain elusive, although it is possible to identify several lines of post-holes. The apparently random pattern may be the result of differential depth of the original posts, and differential truncation. The composite pattern of post-holes also appears to represent several phases of activity. It is also possible that the original structures may have been at least partially ground-level buildings whose sill beams have left no archaeological trace.
In the absence of any clear means of distinguishing between them the post-holes have all been grouped together here as part of Period III.2. They have been categorised as Class A probable post-holes and Class B possible post-holes. The Class C holes are those which are interpreted as almost certainly natural and have been discussed as Period I.1.
The largest post-holes were those identified in the NW. corner of the excavation, each 0.3-0.4m in depth. The largest (4280) continued beyond the edge of excavation. It was at least 0.6-0.8m across; its loose dark brown silty clay loam fill (4279) contained a large number of sherds of pottery (sfs174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185). To the SE. was a double hole (cuts 4284, 4300; fills 4283, 4301) and a single (cut 4273; fill 4272) of a similar nature. Fill 4283 contained a fragment of fuel ash slag (sf187). A substantial rectangular slot, 1.75 x 0.65 x 0.4m deep (cut 4137; fill 4136) may also have been associated with these holes. It was packed with angular chalk blocks and contained two fragments of fuel ash slag (sfs 131, 132) and a decorated bone handle (sf139) as well as charcoal flecks. Its function is indeterminate but it may have been linked to some industrial process. To the SE of this slot was a group of Class B holes (cuts 4169, 4185, 4189, 4252; fill 4166, 4184, 4188, 4172) which may have been associated with the slot, or with the quarry hole to the SW. (III.3). To the SE of the quarry hole was another substantial post-hole (4075), 0.7-0.8m across x 0.3m in depth, filled with loose grey brown silty clay loam (4074).
There were many more post-holes in this NW. area, although they exhibit no obvious alignments. The definite Class A cuts (4010, 4028, 4034, 4046, 4049, 4065, 4071, 4073, 4113, 4122, 4140, 4187, 4194, 4219, 4257) are generally 0.25-0.65m in diameter and 0.2-0.3m deep; their fills (4003, 4005, 4033, 4045, 4048, 4064, 4070, 4072, 4112, 4121, 4138-9, 4186, 4193, 4218, 4256) are orange brown clay loams with charcoal flecks. One fill (4003) contained a copper alloy strap end (sf49).
The Class B cuts (4051, 4067, 4069, 4100, 4146, 4180, 4203, 4206, 4213, 4221, 4223, 4225, 4227, 4229, 4255) were often shallower; their fills (4050, 4066, 4068, 4099, 4145, 4179, 4202, 4205, 4212, 4220, 4222, 4224, 4226, 4228, 4254) were cleaner.
There were also a number of stake-holes in the NW corner of the site. A group of these (cuts 4291, 4293, 4295, 4297, 4299; fills 4290, 4292, 4294, 4296) formed a definite cluster near the rectangular slot (4137 above). They were recognised as settings of upstanding packing stones after the removal of the ploughsoil. There was another pair of these small holes (cuts 4199, 4201; fills 4198, 4200) to the NE.
To the NE. corner of the site the number of post-holes declined, but was still high relative to the rest of the site. Again there was a number of Class A cuts, 0.3m in diameter by 0.25m in depth (4163, 4171, 4215, 4241, 4263, 4271) with dark orange brown silty clay fills (4162, 4170, 4214, 4240, 4262, 4270) and evidence of packing. There was also a substantial post-hole against the N. edge of excavation, at least 0.65m across x 0.45m deep (cut 4231; fill 4230). There were further Class B cuts (4096, 4115, 4131, 4133, 4144, 4155, 4156, 4159, 4168, 4233, 4235) with clean fills (4095, 4110, 4130, 4132, 4143, 4153, 4154, 4158, 4167, 4232, 4234) in this area.
A pair of stake-holes (cuts 4150, 4217; fills 4149, 4216), parallel with the edge of linear cut 4152 (Period III.1), and may represent a fence-line associated with it.
Against the W. edge of the excavation there was a further cluster of post-holes, possibly representing the remains of a structure beyond the W. boundary of the entrance trackway. There was a pair of substantial holes (4101, 4111), some 0.5m in diameter x 0.25m in depth, with steep sides and flat bases, and traces of stone packing, and a third smaller hole c.3m to the N. (4237), 0.3m diameter x 0.2m in depth, also with stone packing. However, other hollows in this area appear to be the result of animal or root action, and any building must have continued W. beyond the edge of excavation. The fill of each post-hole comprised fairly loose red brown silty clay loam (4085, 4090, 4236), although there were traces of packing (4094) in one (4101).
4052 | 4053 | 4091 | 4148 |
Towards the NW. corner of the excavation a massive sub-oval pit (4053), 4.1 x 3.2 x 0.65m in depth, was cut into the natural bedrock. The base was defined by a natural horizontal bedding-plane in the chalk; the sides comprised roughly cut sloping edges of natural chalk. There was little trace of weathering or rounding of the chalk edges, nor of any silting in the base, suggesting the pit had been backfilled fairly rapidly after it had been dug.
The primary fill (4148) comprised a clay loam with abundant large chalk fragments. A fragment of quernstone (sf141) was recovered from it. A number of flat chalk blocks had apparently been deliberately laid flat towards the centre of the pit to provide a temporary working surface on the top of this layer before it was covered by a similar layer of clay loam (4091) with frequent small and medium chalk fragments. This layer yielded some fragments of lava quern stone (sf98), several gritstone quern fragments (sfs 117, 118, 119, 122, 123), two honestones (sfs116, 137) and several sherds of pottery (sfs102, 103). In turn it was overlain by an upper fill (4052) of clay loam, distinguished from it by a further reduction in the size and quantity of chalk fragments. The upper fill also contained several quernstone fragments (sfs90, 93) and potsherds (sfs94, 95). There was little to distinguish between the fills other than the degree of sorting of the chalk fragments and it is likely that the fills were deposited almost consecutively.
All the fills were comparatively sparse in finds and there was little to suggest that any domestic rubbish had found its way into the backfill. The purpose of this pit is unclear. A water hole is one possibility although there was no trace of a chalk lining, and the lack of silting would mean that it had been kept totally clean. A quarry hole to provide chalk blocks for building materials such as padstones is the most likely explanation.
4002 | 4004 | 4116 | 4165 | 4178 | 4190 | 4207 | 4242 |
Following the end of Period 3 activity there was settling of the fills in a number of the larger features and general layers of silting formed in the resulting hollows.
In the quarry hole (III.3) a clean layer of clay loam (4004) with only occasional small chalk fragments, 0.15m in depth, formed in the top of the pit, and appears to represent slumping of ploughsoil. It contained a large honestone fragment (sf44), but a sherd of post-medieval pottery is probably the result of contamination of a plough furrow which cut across the feature. There was a spread of clay loam (4165) to the E. of the pit, probably the result of plough disturbance of 4004.
To the E. a clean reddish brown silty loam (4002) accumulated in the hollow of the EW trackway 4087 (II.1). It contained two sherds of pottery (sfs120, 121).
To the S. a general layer of silty loam (4242) was cleared from the upper levels of 4281. It contained a fragment of comb (sf167).
E. of the entrance way settling of the substantial rubble fills in the main ditch (4207) led to the build up of a very clean silty clay layer (4178) in the upper levels of the ditch. This was particularly rich in finds, including a copper alloy ring (sf142), and a pin (sf53), and several sherds of pottery (sfs144, 147, 148, 149, 186). There was a small lens of dark grey brown silty clay loam (4190) within this layer.
Finally, a general layer of silty clay loam (4116) formed in a large rectangular area, 6m wide by at least 10m in length, representing an eroded trackway on the inside of the main entrance. This layer masked a series of ditches on each side, defining the edges of the trackway.
Each of these layers tended to be rich in artefacts, their depth protecting them from plough disturbance.
cut | 4007 | 4009 | 4012 | 4014 | 4016 | 4018 | 4020 | 4022 | 4024 | 4027 | 4030 | 4032 | 4036 | 4038 | 4040 | 4042 | 4044 | 4057 | 4059 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4006 | 4008 | 4011 | 4013 | 4015 | 4017 | 4019 | 4021 | 4023 | 4026 | 4029 | 4031 | 4035 | 4037 | 4039 | 4041 | 4043 | 4056 | 4058 |
cut | 4061 | 4078 | 4192 | 4244 | 4246 | 4248 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fill | 4060 | 4077 | 4191 | 4243 | 4245 | 4247 |
A series of regularly-spaced shallow V-shaped grooves ran across the site, aligned north-north-west / south-south-east (4009, 4012, 4016, 4018, 4022, 4027, 4040, 4044, 4059, 4192, 4244, 4246, 4248). The grooves were generally placed at intervals of 1.8m across, although there were some instances of double-grooves, and `dog-legs', and other cases where there was a larger gap. Towards the W edge of the excavation there was a set of short grooves running at right-angles to the main alignment; some of these continued across the full width of the site (4007, 4036, 4038, 4042, 4057, 4061). The grooves are known to be plough furrows related to an episode of deep ploughing associated with potato planting in 1989. The small perpendicular group provide evidence for a small area of cross-ploughing.
The fills (4006, 4008, 4011, 4013, 4015, 4017, 4019, 4021, 4023, 4026, 4029, 4031, 4035, 4037, 4039, 4041, 4043, 4056, 4058, 4060, 4077, 4191, 4243, 4245, 4247) were generally dark grey brown silty clay loam and were indistinguishable from the overlying ploughsoil (IV.2: 4000), although where the grooves had cut through underlying features they incorporated fill from the surrounding matrix.
4000 | 4025 | 4176 |
Finally, a general layer of dark grey brown clay loam, c.0.2-0.3m in depth (4000, 4025, 4176) overlay the whole excavated area. This layer was removed by machine, with shovel cleaning of the residue. Finds were hand-collected, and the spoil was screened by metal-detectors. This layer is 20th-century ploughsoil, but incorporates material disturbed from earlier features. In particular, it contained abundant chalk fragments of varying size which had probably been disturbed from the underlying chalk bedrock by the plough, and were being gradually broken up by frost action. A number of residual finds were recovered from the ploughsoil, including a Northumbrian styca (sf1), a copper-alloy strap-end (sf108), two fragments of copper-alloy sheet (sfs2, 69), two iron knife blades (sf3, sf159), a schist whetstone (sf40), a honestone (sf126), and a number of sherds of pottery (sf63, 66, 67, 68, 101, 104, 105, 113, 171).
Although finds were gathered by hand collection only, in comparison with ploughsoil from the neighbouring site (COT93: IV.1: 1000, 3000), there was only a small quantity of animal bone from this deposit.
CONTEXT NO | PHASING |
---|---|
4000 | IV.2 |
4001 | III.1 |
4002 | III.4 |
4003 | III.2 |
4004 | III.4 |
4005 | III.2 |
4006 | IV.1 |
4007 | IV.1 |
4008 | IV.1 |
4009 | IV.1 |
4010 | III.2 |
4011 | IV.1 |
4012 | IV.1 |
4013 | IV.1 |
4014 | IV.1 |
4015 | IV.1 |
4016 | IV.1 |
4017 | IV.1 |
4018 | IV.1 |
4019 | IV.1 |
4020 | IV.1 |
4021 | IV.1 |
4022 | IV.1 |
4023 | IV.1 |
4024 | IV.1 |
4025 | IV.2 |
4026 | IV.1 |
4027 | IV.1 |
4028 | III.2 |
4029 | IV.1 |
4030 | IV.1 |
4031 | IV.1 |
4032 | IV.1 |
4033 | III.2 |
4034 | III.2 |
4035 | IV.1 |
4036 | IV.1 |
4037 | IV.1 |
4038 | IV.1 |
4039 | IV.1 |
4040 | IV.1 |
4041 | IV.1 |
4042 | IV.1 |
4043 | IV.1 |
4044 | IV.1 |
4045 | III.2 |
4046 | III.2 |
4047 | II.1 |
4048 | III.2 |
4049 | III.2 |
4050 | III.2 |
4051 | III.2 |
4052 | III.3 |
4053 | III.3 |
4054 | II.1 |
4055 | II.1 |
4056 | IV.1 |
4057 | IV.1 |
4058 | IV.1 |
4059 | IV.1 |
4060 | IV.1 |
4061 | IV.1 |
4062 | I.1 |
4063 | I.1 |
4064 | III.2 |
4065 | III.2 |
4066 | III.2 |
4067 | III.2 |
4068 | III.2 |
4069 | III.2 |
4070 | III.2 |
4071 | III.2 |
4072 | III.2 |
4073 | III.2 |
4074 | III.2 |
4075 | III.2 |
4076 | I.1 |
4077 | IV.1 |
4078 | IV.1 |
4079 | I.1 |
4080 | I.1 |
4081 | I.1 |
4082 | I.1 |
4083 | I.1 |
4084 | II.1 |
4085 | III.2 |
4086 | II.1 |
4087 | II.1 |
4088 | I.1 |
4089 | I.1 |
4090 | III.2 |
4091 | III.3 |
4092 | II.1 |
4093 | II.1 |
4094 | III.2 |
4095 | III.2 |
4096 | III.2 |
4097 | I.1 |
4098 | I.1 |
4099 | III.2 |
4100 | III.2 |
4101 | III.2 |
4102 | III.1 |
4103 | III.1 |
4104 | I.1 |
4105 | I.1 |
4106 | I.1 |
4107 | I.1 |
4108 | II.1 |
4109 | II.1 |
4110 | III.2 |
4111 | III.2 |
4112 | III.2 |
4113 | III.2 |
4114 | III.1 |
4115 | III.2 |
4116 | III.4 |
4117 | II.1 |
4118 | II.1 |
4119 | I.1 |
4120 | I.1 |
4121 | III.2 |
4122 | III.2 |
4123 | II.1 |
4124 | III.1 |
4125 | III.1 |
4126 | II.1 |
4127 | II.1 |
4128 | I.1 |
4129 | I.1 |
4130 | III.2 |
4131 | III.2 |
4132 | III.2 |
4133 | III.2 |
4134 | II.1 |
4135 | II.1 |
4136 | III.2 |
4137 | III.2 |
4138 | III.2 |
4139 | III.2 |
4140 | III.2 |
4141 | I.1 |
4142 | I.1 |
4143 | III.2 |
4144 | III.2 |
4145 | III.2 |
4146 | III.2 |
4147 | III.1 |
4148 | III.3 |
4149 | III.2 |
4150 | III.2 |
4151 | III.1 |
4152 | III.1 |
4153 | III.2 |
CONTEXT NO | PHASING |
---|---|
4154 | III.2 |
4155 | III.2 |
4156 | III.2 |
4157 | III.1 |
4158 | III.2 |
4159 | III.2 |
4160 | II.1 |
4161 | II.1 |
4162 | III.2 |
4163 | III.2 |
4164 | III.1 |
4165 | III.4 |
4166 | III.2 |
4167 | III.2 |
4168 | III.2 |
4169 | III.2 |
4170 | III.2 |
4171 | III.2 |
4172 | III.2 |
4173 | III.1 |
4174 | II.1 |
4175 | II.1 |
4176 | IV.2 |
4177 | III.1 |
4178 | III.4 |
4179 | III.2 |
4180 | III.2 |
4181 | III.1 |
4182 | I.1 |
4183 | I.1 |
4184 | III.2 |
4185 | III.2 |
4186 | III.2 |
4187 | III.2 |
4188 | III.2 |
4189 | III.2 |
4190 | III.4 |
4191 | IV.1 |
4192 | IV.1 |
4193 | III.2 |
4194 | III.2 |
4195 | III.1 |
4196 | III.1 |
4197 | III.1 |
4198 | III.2 |
4199 | III.2 |
4200 | III.2 |
4201 | III.2 |
4202 | III.2 |
4203 | III.2 |
4204 | III.1 |
4205 | III.2 |
4206 | III.2 |
4207 | III.4 |
4208 | II.1 |
4209 | II.1 |
4210 | II.1 |
4211 | II.1 |
4212 | III.2 |
4213 | III.2 |
4214 | III.2 |
4215 | III.2 |
4216 | III.2 |
4217 | III.2 |
4218 | III.2 |
4219 | III.2 |
4220 | III.2 |
4221 | III.2 |
4222 | III.2 |
4223 | III.2 |
4224 | III.2 |
4225 | III.2 |
4226 | III.2 |
4227 | III.2 |
4228 | III.2 |
4229 | III.2 |
4230 | III.2 |
4231 | III.2 |
4232 | III.2 |
4233 | III.2 |
4234 | III.2 |
4235 | III.2 |
4236 | III.2 |
4237 | III.2 |
4238 | III.1 |
4239 | III.1 |
4240 | III.2 |
4241 | III.2 |
4242 | III.4 |
4243 | IV.1 |
4244 | IV.1 |
4245 | IV.1 |
4246 | IV.1 |
4247 | IV.1 |
4248 | IV.1 |
4249 | III.1 |
4250 | III.1 |
4251 | III.1 |
4252 | III.2 |
4253 | III.1 |
4254 | III.2 |
4255 | III.2 |
4256 | III.2 |
4257 | III.2 |
4258 | II.1 |
4259 | II.1 |
4260 | III.1 |
4261 | III.1 |
4262 | III.2 |
4263 | III.2 |
4264 | III.1 |
4265 | III.1 |
4266 | III.1 |
4267 | III.1 |
4268 | I.1 |
4269 | I.1 |
4270 | III.2 |
4271 | III.2 |
4272 | III.2 |
4273 | III.2 |
4274 | III.1 |
4275 | III.1 |
4276 | III.1 |
4277 | I.1 |
4278 | I.1 |
4279 | III.2 |
4280 | III.2 |
4281 | III.1 |
4282 | III.1 |
4283 | III.2 |
4284 | III.2 |
4290 | III.2 |
4291 | III.2 |
4292 | III.2 |
4293 | III.2 |
4294 | III.2 |
4295 | III.2 |
4296 | III.2 |
4297 | III.2 |
4298 | III.1 |
4299 | III.2 |
4300 | III.2 |
4301 | III.2 |
4302 | III.1 |
4303 | III.1 |
4304 | III.1 |
4305 | III.1 |
4306 | III.1 |
4307 | III.1 |
4308 | III.1 |
4309 | III.1 |
4310 | II.1 |
4311 | II.1 |