Savory, G., Sludden, K. and Suddaby, I. (2016). Ray Wind Farm Grid Connection, Northumberland. Archaeological Mitigation Works. CFA Archaeology Ltd. https://doi.org/10.5284/1046496. Cite this using datacite

Title
Title
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Title:		 Ray Wind Farm Grid Connection, Northumberland. Archaeological Mitigation Works
Series
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Series:		 CFA Archaeology Ltd unpublished report series
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Downloads:
cfaarcha1-266102_1.pdf (61 MB) : Download
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DOI
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1046496
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Publication Type:		 Report (in Series)
Abstract
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Abstract:		 A programme of archaeological mitigation works was carried out during installation of a grid connection cable between Ray Substation and Fourstones Substation, Northumberland. A later prehistoric ring-groove roundhouse was excavated in the Chipchase section. The two ring-grooves were not concentric which would tend to suggest there were at least two phases of construction. There were a number of small pits which contained packing stones and probably represent the vestigial remains of postholes for load-bearing uprights forming a post-ring. The remainder of the pits are likely representative of other structural or domestic elements within the roundhouse. A fragment of a stone tool and fragments of pottery were recovered. The survey and watching brief between Tone Lane and Middle Cowden revealed substantial numbers of industrial mining remains within a well preserved industrial landscape, where the emphasis was on the exploration for coal. The majority of the mining remains appeared to be test pits, searching for useable coal. These were associated with ditches and other more vestigial feature relating to mining. Dating of these remains relies on cartographic sources and observed relationships, and the Ordnance Survey map shows these sites were already marked as 'old' by 1863; the mining activity is post-medieval in date. It may be that the mining features coincide with the prospecting for, and use of, Cowden Colliery, just to the south of the study area. The colliery was open in 1863 and was abandoned by 1895. Alternatively, the mining features may have aimed to supply fuel resources to either the Hareshaw Ironworks at Bellingham, or Redesdale Ironworks at Ridsdale. Other features encountered include three pits and five ditches of unknown provenance at Chipchase, a quarry pit beside the A68, and two cairns at Ray Fell.
Author
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Author:		 Gary Savory ORCID icon
K Sludden
Ian Suddaby ORCID icon
Publisher
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Publisher:		 CFA Archaeology Ltd
Other Person/Org
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Other Person/Org:		 Historic England (OASIS Reviewer)
Northumberland SMR (OASIS Reviewer)
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 2016
Locations
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Locations:
Site: Ray Wind Farm Grid Connection
County: Northumberland
District: Northumberland
Parish: KIRKWHELPINGTON
Country: England
Grid Reference: 389660, 568460 (Easting, Northing)
Grid Reference: 395060, 585680 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
LATER PREHISTORIC (Historic England Periods) CUP MARKED STONE (Monument Type England)
LATER PREHISTORIC (Historic England Periods) LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Object England)
LATER PREHISTORIC (Historic England Periods) SHERD (Object England)
POST MEDIEVAL (Historic England Periods) CAIRN (Monument Type England)
POST MEDIEVAL (Historic England Periods) MINING (Monus)
LATER PREHISTORIC (Historic England Periods) ROUND HOUSE (DOMESTIC) (Monument Type England)
WATCHING BRIEF (Event)
RESCUE EXCAVATION (Event)
Identifiers
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Identifiers:
OASIS Id: cfaarcha1-266102
OBIB: CFA Report no. 3479
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OASIS (OASIS)
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Created Date
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Created Date:		 19 Feb 2018