Contents |
List of Tables
List of Figures |
1 |
Introduction |
2 |
Methods of Analysis |
3 |
Practical Details |
3.1 |
Tell Brak |
3.2 |
Kilise Tepe |
4 |
Discussion of Results |
4.1 |
Charcoal Densities |
4.1.1 |
Comparison of the charcoal densities for the Tell Brak samples |
4.1.2 |
Mean charcoal densities - by deposit class |
4.1.3 |
Mean charcoal densities - by horizontal context |
4.1.4 |
Mean charcoal densities - by vertical context (period) |
4.1.5 |
Mean charcoal densities - by trench |
4.1.6 |
Summary of the results for Tell Brak |
4.1.7 |
Comparison of the charcoal densities for the Kilise Tepe samples |
4.1.8 |
Mean charcoal densities - by deposit class |
4.1.9 |
Mean charcoal densities - by vertical context (period) |
4.1.10 |
Mean charcoal densities by trench |
4.1.11 |
Summary of the results for Kilise Tepe |
4.2 |
Preservation Indices |
4.2.1 |
Comparison of the preservation indices for the Tell Brak samples |
4.2.2 |
Preservation indices - by deposit class |
4.2.3 |
Preservation indices - by horizontal context |
4.2.4 |
Preservation indices - by vertical context (period) |
4.2.5 |
Preservation indices - by trench |
4.2.6 |
Comparison of the preservation indices for the Kilise Tepe samples |
4.2.7 |
Preservation indices - by deposit class |
4.2.8 |
Preservation indices - by vertical context (period) |
4.2.9 |
Preservation indices - by trench |
4.3 |
Fragmentation Indices |
4.3.1 |
Comparison of the fragmentation indices for the Tell Brak samples |
4.3.2 |
Fragmentation indices - by deposit class |
4.3.3 |
Fragmentation indices - by horizontal context |
4.3.4 |
Fragmentation indices - by vertical context (period) |
4.3.5 |
Fragmentation indices - by trench |
4.3.6 |
Comparison of the fragmentation indices for the Kilise Tepe samples |
4.3.7 |
Fragmentation indices - by deposit class |
4.3.8 |
Fragmentation indices - by vertical context (period) |
4.3.9 |
Fragmentation indices - by trench |
4.3.10 |
Summary of the preservation and fragmentation analyses for the Tell Brak samples |
4.3.11 |
Summary of the preservation and fragmentation analyses for the Kilise Tepe samples |
4.4 |
Comparison of the taxonomic composition of the samples |
4.4.1 |
Comparisons of the ratios of cereal taxa in the samples from Tell Brak - overall site trends |
4.4.2 |
Composition - by deposit class |
4.4.3 |
Composition - by horizontal context |
4.4.4 |
Composition - by vertical context (period) |
4.4.5 |
Composition - by trench |
4.4.6 |
Summary of the results for Tell Brak |
4.4.7 |
Comparisons of the ratios of cereal taxa in the samples from Kilise Tepe - overall site trends |
4.4.8 |
Composition - by deposit class |
4.4.9 |
Composition - by vertical context (period) |
4.4.10 |
Composition - by trench |
4.4.11 |
Summary of the results for Kilise Tepe |
4.4.12 |
Comparison of the proportions of pulses in the samples - Tell Brak |
4.5 |
Comparisons of the taxonomic composition of the samples using correspondence analysis |
4.5.1 |
Correspondence analysis using the cereal taxa - Tell Brak |
4.5.2 |
Correspondence analysis - by deposit class |
4.5.3 |
Correspondence analysis - by horizontal context |
4.5.4 |
Correspondence analysis - by vertical context (period) |
4.5.5 |
Correspondence analysis - by trench |
4.5.6 |
Summary of the results for Tell Brak |
4.5.7 |
Correspondence analysis using the cereal taxa - Kilise Tepe |
4.5.8 |
Correspondence analysis - by deposit class |
4.5.9 |
Correspondence analysis - by vertical context (period) |
4.5.10 |
Correspondence analysis - by trench |
4.5.11 |
Summary of the results for Kilise Tepe |
4.5.12 |
Correspondence analysis using pulses - Tell Brak |
5 |
Discussion and Conclusions |
5.1 |
Resolution of the data: the suitability of the sites for the investigation of 'use of space' |
5.2 |
Comparisons between Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe |
Bibliography |
List of Tables |
1 |
Quantitative methods used in the analysis of the charred plant remains |
2 |
Tell Brak: Context types |
3 |
Tell Brak: Lists of contexts, charcoal density, preservation and fragmentation indices, cereal ratios |
4 |
Tell Brak: HS1 lists of cereal taxa |
5 |
Tell Brak: HS3 lists of cereal taxa |
6 |
Tell Brak: HS4 lists of cereal taxa |
7 |
Tell Brak: HS5 lists of cereal taxa |
8 |
Tell Brak: HS6 lists of cereal taxa |
9 |
Tell Brak: HF lists of cereal taxa |
10 |
Tell Brak: HN lists of cereal taxa |
11 |
Tell Brak: Cereal taxa used in correspondence analysis |
12 |
Tell Brak: HS1 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits |
13 |
Tell Brak: HS3 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits |
14 |
Tell Brak: HS4 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits |
15, 16 |
Tell Brak: HS5 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits |
17 |
Tell Brak: HF lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits |
18 |
Tell Brak: HN lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits |
19 |
Tell Brak: Pulses used in correspondence analysis |
20 |
Kilise Tepe: Context types |
21 |
Kilise Tepe: Lists of contexts, charcoal density, preservation and fragmentation indices, cereal ratios |
22 |
Kilise Tepe: H lists of cereal taxa |
23 |
Kilise Tepe: I lists of cereal taxa |
24 |
Kilise Tepe: J lists of cereal taxa |
25 |
Kilise Tepe: K lists of cereal taxa |
26 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal taxa used in correspondence analysis |
List of Figures |
1-4 |
Tell Brak: Mean charcoal densities by context class |
5 |
Tell Brak: Frequency histogram showing charcoal densities |
6 |
Tell Brak: Preservation indices by deposit class |
7 |
Tell Brak: Preservation indices by horizontal context |
8 |
Tell Brak: Preservation indices by vertical context |
9 |
Tell Brak: Preservation indices by trench |
10 |
Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by deposit class |
11 |
Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by horizontal context |
12 |
Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by vertical context |
13 |
Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by trench |
14 |
Tell Brak: Frequency histogram showing preservation indices |
15 |
Tell Brak: Frequency histogram showing fragmentation indices |
16 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by deposit class - Tip/midden/rubbish dump, FI contents |
17 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by deposit class - Pit fills |
18 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by horizontal context - Craft activity, Unspecified space |
19 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by horizontal context - Street/lane, Kitchen |
20 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by vertical context - I,II |
21 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by vertical context - III, IV |
22 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by vertical context - V |
23 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HS1, HS3 |
24 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HS4, HS5 |
25 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HS6, HF |
26 |
Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HN |
27 |
Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Barley: wheat grains |
28 |
Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Barley grains: rachis |
29 |
Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Glume wheat grains: chaff |
30 |
Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Glume wheat grains: free threshing wheat grains |
31 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal taxa |
32 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal grains |
33 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum |
34 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all chaff items |
35 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis |
36 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by deposit class |
37 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by deposit class |
38 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by deposit class |
39 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by horizontal context |
40 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by horizontal context |
41 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by vertical context |
42 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by vertical context |
43 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains by vertical context |
44 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysisis - sample plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum by vertical context |
45 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by vertical context |
46 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by trench |
47 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains by trench |
48 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum by trench |
49 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by trench |
50 |
Tell Brak: Pulse proportions by vertical context and trench |
51 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all pulses |
52 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by deposit class |
53 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by horizontal context |
54 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by vertical context |
55 |
Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by trench |
56-59 |
Kilise Tepe: Mean charcoal densities by context class |
60 |
Kilise Tepe: Frequency histogram showing charcoal densities |
61 |
Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by deposit class |
62 |
Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by vertical context |
63 |
Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by vertical context - I-L14 samples |
64 |
Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by trench |
65 |
Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by deposit class |
66 |
Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by vertical context |
67 |
Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by vertical context - I-L14 samples |
68 |
Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by trench |
69 |
Kilise Tepe: Frequency histogram showing preservation indices |
70 |
Kilise Tepe: Frequency histogram showing fragmentation indices |
71 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by deposit class - Constructional materials, Occupation sequences |
72 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by deposit class - In situ deposits, Pit fills |
73 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by vertical context - Bronze Age and Iron Age |
74 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by vertical context - Byzantine |
75 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by trench - H, I |
76 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by trench - J, K |
77 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by trench - I-L14 |
78 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal ratios - Barley: wheat grains |
79 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal ratios - Barley grains: rachis |
80 |
Kilise Tepe: Cereal ratios - Glume wheat grains: chaff |
81 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal taxa |
82 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal taxa omitting samples 69, 81 |
83 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis |
84 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum omitting samples 36, 69 |
85 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all chaff items |
86 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by deposit class |
87 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum omitting samples 36, 69 by deposit class |
88 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by vertical context |
89 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa omitting samples 69, 81 by vertical context |
90 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by vertical context |
91 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by vertical context |
92 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by trench |
93 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa omitting samples 69, 81 by trench |
94 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by trench |
95 |
Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by trench |
96 |
Frequency histogram showing charcoal densities in the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples |
97 |
Frequency histogram showing preservation indices for the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples |
98 |
Frequency histogram showing fragmentation indices for the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples |
99 |
Comparison of the ratios of cereal taxa in the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples |