Contextual Analysis of the Use of Space at Two Near Eastern Bronze Age Sites

Part 4: Final Report on the Archaeobotanical Analyses

Sue Colledge
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
1 Introduction
2 Methods of Analysis
3 Practical Details
3.1 Tell Brak
3.2 Kilise Tepe
4 Discussion of Results
4.1 Charcoal Densities
4.1.1 Comparison of the charcoal densities for the Tell Brak samples
4.1.2 Mean charcoal densities - by deposit class
4.1.3 Mean charcoal densities - by horizontal context
4.1.4 Mean charcoal densities - by vertical context (period)
4.1.5 Mean charcoal densities - by trench
4.1.6 Summary of the results for Tell Brak
4.1.7 Comparison of the charcoal densities for the Kilise Tepe samples
4.1.8 Mean charcoal densities - by deposit class
4.1.9 Mean charcoal densities - by vertical context (period)
4.1.10 Mean charcoal densities by trench
4.1.11 Summary of the results for Kilise Tepe
4.2 Preservation Indices
4.2.1 Comparison of the preservation indices for the Tell Brak samples
4.2.2 Preservation indices - by deposit class
4.2.3 Preservation indices - by horizontal context
4.2.4 Preservation indices - by vertical context (period)
4.2.5 Preservation indices - by trench
4.2.6 Comparison of the preservation indices for the Kilise Tepe samples
4.2.7 Preservation indices - by deposit class
4.2.8 Preservation indices - by vertical context (period)
4.2.9 Preservation indices - by trench
4.3 Fragmentation Indices
4.3.1 Comparison of the fragmentation indices for the Tell Brak samples
4.3.2 Fragmentation indices - by deposit class
4.3.3 Fragmentation indices - by horizontal context
4.3.4 Fragmentation indices - by vertical context (period)
4.3.5 Fragmentation indices - by trench
4.3.6 Comparison of the fragmentation indices for the Kilise Tepe samples
4.3.7 Fragmentation indices - by deposit class
4.3.8 Fragmentation indices - by vertical context (period)
4.3.9 Fragmentation indices - by trench
4.3.10 Summary of the preservation and fragmentation analyses for the Tell Brak samples
4.3.11 Summary of the preservation and fragmentation analyses for the Kilise Tepe samples
4.4 Comparison of the taxonomic composition of the samples
4.4.1 Comparisons of the ratios of cereal taxa in the samples from Tell Brak - overall site trends
4.4.2 Composition - by deposit class
4.4.3 Composition - by horizontal context
4.4.4 Composition - by vertical context (period)
4.4.5 Composition - by trench
4.4.6 Summary of the results for Tell Brak
4.4.7 Comparisons of the ratios of cereal taxa in the samples from Kilise Tepe - overall site trends
4.4.8 Composition - by deposit class
4.4.9 Composition - by vertical context (period)
4.4.10 Composition - by trench
4.4.11 Summary of the results for Kilise Tepe
4.4.12 Comparison of the proportions of pulses in the samples - Tell Brak
4.5 Comparisons of the taxonomic composition of the samples using correspondence analysis
4.5.1 Correspondence analysis using the cereal taxa - Tell Brak
4.5.2 Correspondence analysis - by deposit class
4.5.3 Correspondence analysis - by horizontal context
4.5.4 Correspondence analysis - by vertical context (period)
4.5.5 Correspondence analysis - by trench
4.5.6 Summary of the results for Tell Brak
4.5.7 Correspondence analysis using the cereal taxa - Kilise Tepe
4.5.8 Correspondence analysis - by deposit class
4.5.9 Correspondence analysis - by vertical context (period)
4.5.10 Correspondence analysis - by trench
4.5.11 Summary of the results for Kilise Tepe
4.5.12 Correspondence analysis using pulses - Tell Brak
5 Discussion and Conclusions
5.1 Resolution of the data: the suitability of the sites for the investigation of 'use of space'
5.2 Comparisons between Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe
Bibliography
List of Tables
1 Quantitative methods used in the analysis of the charred plant remains
2 Tell Brak: Context types
3 Tell Brak: Lists of contexts, charcoal density, preservation and fragmentation indices, cereal ratios
4 Tell Brak: HS1 lists of cereal taxa
5 Tell Brak: HS3 lists of cereal taxa
6 Tell Brak: HS4 lists of cereal taxa
7 Tell Brak: HS5 lists of cereal taxa
8 Tell Brak: HS6 lists of cereal taxa
9 Tell Brak: HF lists of cereal taxa
10 Tell Brak: HN lists of cereal taxa
11 Tell Brak: Cereal taxa used in correspondence analysis
12 Tell Brak: HS1 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits
13 Tell Brak: HS3 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits
14 Tell Brak: HS4 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits
15, 16 Tell Brak: HS5 lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits
17 Tell Brak: HF lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits
18 Tell Brak: HN lists of pulses, oil plants, fruits
19 Tell Brak: Pulses used in correspondence analysis
20 Kilise Tepe: Context types
21 Kilise Tepe: Lists of contexts, charcoal density, preservation and fragmentation indices, cereal ratios
22 Kilise Tepe: H lists of cereal taxa
23 Kilise Tepe: I lists of cereal taxa
24 Kilise Tepe: J lists of cereal taxa
25 Kilise Tepe: K lists of cereal taxa
26 Kilise Tepe: Cereal taxa used in correspondence analysis
List of Figures
1-4 Tell Brak: Mean charcoal densities by context class
5 Tell Brak: Frequency histogram showing charcoal densities
6 Tell Brak: Preservation indices by deposit class
7 Tell Brak: Preservation indices by horizontal context
8 Tell Brak: Preservation indices by vertical context
9 Tell Brak: Preservation indices by trench
10 Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by deposit class
11 Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by horizontal context
12 Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by vertical context
13 Tell Brak: Fragmentation indices by trench
14 Tell Brak: Frequency histogram showing preservation indices
15 Tell Brak: Frequency histogram showing fragmentation indices
16 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by deposit class - Tip/midden/rubbish dump, FI contents
17 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by deposit class - Pit fills
18 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by horizontal context - Craft activity, Unspecified space
19 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by horizontal context - Street/lane, Kitchen
20 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by vertical context - I,II
21 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by vertical context - III, IV
22 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by vertical context - V
23 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HS1, HS3
24 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HS4, HS5
25 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HS6, HF
26 Tell Brak: Cereal proportions by trench - HN
27 Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Barley: wheat grains
28 Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Barley grains: rachis
29 Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Glume wheat grains: chaff
30 Tell Brak: Cereal ratios - Glume wheat grains: free threshing wheat grains
31 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal taxa
32 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal grains
33 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum
34 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all chaff items
35 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis
36 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by deposit class
37 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by deposit class
38 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by deposit class
39 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by horizontal context
40 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by horizontal context
41 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by vertical context
42 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by vertical context
43 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains by vertical context
44 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysisis - sample plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum by vertical context
45 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by vertical context
46 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by trench
47 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains by trench
48 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum by trench
49 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by trench
50 Tell Brak: Pulse proportions by vertical context and trench
51 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all pulses
52 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by deposit class
53 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by horizontal context
54 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by vertical context
55 Tell Brak: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all pulses by trench
56-59 Kilise Tepe: Mean charcoal densities by context class
60 Kilise Tepe: Frequency histogram showing charcoal densities
61 Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by deposit class
62 Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by vertical context
63 Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by vertical context - I-L14 samples
64 Kilise Tepe: Preservation indices by trench
65 Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by deposit class
66 Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by vertical context
67 Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by vertical context - I-L14 samples
68 Kilise Tepe: Fragmentation indices by trench
69 Kilise Tepe: Frequency histogram showing preservation indices
70 Kilise Tepe: Frequency histogram showing fragmentation indices
71 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by deposit class - Constructional materials, Occupation sequences
72 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by deposit class - In situ deposits, Pit fills
73 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by vertical context - Bronze Age and Iron Age
74 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by vertical context - Byzantine
75 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by trench - H, I
76 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by trench - J, K
77 Kilise Tepe: Cereal proportions by trench - I-L14
78 Kilise Tepe: Cereal ratios - Barley: wheat grains
79 Kilise Tepe: Cereal ratios - Barley grains: rachis
80 Kilise Tepe: Cereal ratios - Glume wheat grains: chaff
81 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal taxa
82 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal taxa omitting samples 69, 81
83 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis
84 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum omitting samples 36, 69
85 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - taxa plot: all chaff items
86 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by deposit class
87 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal grains except Hordeum omitting samples 36, 69 by deposit class
88 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by vertical context
89 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa omitting samples 69, 81 by vertical context
90 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by vertical context
91 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by vertical context
92 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa by trench
93 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all cereal taxa omitting samples 69, 81 by trench
94 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all taxa except Hordeum grains and rachis by trench
95 Kilise Tepe: Correspondence analysis - sample plot: all chaff items by trench
96 Frequency histogram showing charcoal densities in the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples
97 Frequency histogram showing preservation indices for the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples
98 Frequency histogram showing fragmentation indices for the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples
99 Comparison of the ratios of cereal taxa in the Tell Brak and Kilise Tepe samples