Archaeology, Nationalism and Heritage in Islamic Society: a Turkish Case Study

David Shankland, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000236. How to cite using this DOI

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https://doi.org/10.5284/1000236
Sample Citation for this DOI

David Shankland (2002) Archaeology, Nationalism and Heritage in Islamic Society: a Turkish Case Study [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1000236

Data copyright © Dr David Shankland unless otherwise stated

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Resource identifiers

Digital Object Identifiers

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are persistent identifiers which can be used to consistently and accurately reference digital objects and/or content. The DOIs provide a way for the ADS resources to be cited in a similar fashion to traditional scholarly materials. More information on DOIs at the ADS can be found on our help page.

Citing this DOI

The updated Crossref DOI Display guidelines recommend that DOIs should be displayed in the following format:

https://doi.org/10.5284/1000236
Sample Citation for this DOI

David Shankland (2002) Archaeology, Nationalism and Heritage in Islamic Society: a Turkish Case Study [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1000236

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Archive Gallery

This page presents an archive gallery of images from Dr. Shankland's research. Over 500 images are available. The images in this collection have detailed explanatory notes which can be accessed when you open up a larger copy of the image by clicking on either the thumbnail or the 'JPG' link.

Records 281 - 320 of 502

ID Group Thumbnail Short description Download File size
281 279-282 Thumbnail of 281.jpg
281.jpg
A further warning. In spite of these warnings, it appears that the Directorate of Religious Affairs does not actually proceed any further once these notices are suspended. Worshiping at tombs remains a very widespread characteristic of Turkish Islam, whether in the countryside or in the cities.
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DIB warning 2 JPG
281.jpg
A further warning. In spite of these warnings, it appears that the Directorate of Religious Affairs does not actually proceed any further once these notices are suspended. Worshiping at tombs remains a very widespread characteristic of Turkish Islam, whether in the countryside or in the cities.
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56 Kb
282 279-282 Thumbnail of 282.jpg
282.jpg
A further warning. In spite of these warnings, it appears that the Directorate of Religious Affairs does not actually proceed any further once these notices are suspended. Worshiping at tombs remains a very widespread characteristic of Turkish Islam, whether in the countryside or in the cities.
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DIB warning 2 JPG
282.jpg
A further warning. In spite of these warnings, it appears that the Directorate of Religious Affairs does not actually proceed any further once these notices are suspended. Worshiping at tombs remains a very widespread characteristic of Turkish Islam, whether in the countryside or in the cities.
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56 Kb
283 283-284 Thumbnail of 283.jpg
283.jpg
A similar message summed up in the form of 15 points, eg. 'Don't light candles! Don't leave foodstuffs! Don't ask for intercession from the person who is lying here!' and so on. It ends with, 'Such things are without a doubt forbidden by our religion!'.
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DIB warning 3 JPG
283.jpg
A similar message summed up in the form of 15 points, eg. 'Don't light candles! Don't leave foodstuffs! Don't ask for intercession from the person who is lying here!' and so on. It ends with, 'Such things are without a doubt forbidden by our religion!'.
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57 Kb
284 283-284 Thumbnail of 284.jpg
284.jpg
A similar message summed up in the form of 15 points, eg. 'Don't light candles! Don't leave foodstuffs! Don't ask for intercession from the person who is lying here!' and so on. It ends with, 'Such things are without a doubt forbidden by our religion!'.
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DIB warning 3 JPG
284.jpg
A similar message summed up in the form of 15 points, eg. 'Don't light candles! Don't leave foodstuffs! Don't ask for intercession from the person who is lying here!' and so on. It ends with, 'Such things are without a doubt forbidden by our religion!'.
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53 Kb
285 285-288 Thumbnail of 285.jpg
285.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
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Konya: Tomb of Semsi Tabriz JPG
285.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
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61 Kb
286 285-288 Thumbnail of 286.jpg
286.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
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Konya: Tomb of Semsi Tabriz JPG
286.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
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57 Kb
287 285-288 Thumbnail of 287.jpg
287.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
Konya: Tomb of Semsi Tabriz JPG
287.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
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58 Kb
288 285-288 Thumbnail of 288.jpg
288.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
Konya: Tomb of Semsi Tabriz JPG
288.jpg
Semsi Tabriz, the follower and inspirer of Rumi, is regarded by many as a holy figure. Here, a supplicant kneels by his tomb in spite of the warnings above of the inappropriateness of his doing so.
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62 Kb
289 289 Thumbnail of 289.jpg
289.jpg
In the early Republican era, there was a brief period of building influenced by the Ottoman style before modernism set in, a style that produced pleasant and distinctive public structures. However, it is likely that the Republic would have eventually rejected Ottoman motifs entirely as they continued to distance themselves from the Ottoman Empire. This is particularly important in Konya, because it is perhaps the only large city in Turkey that still doubts its allegiance to the Republic, or perhaps, has its allegiance doubted. Little things, such as the fact that their main statue of Ataturk was converted from a figure commissioned originally for an agricultural prize, as well as the more practical point that Konya votes for the Islamic parties headed by Erbakan, tend to give support to this sceptical view.
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Konya: early Republican building JPG
289.jpg
In the early Republican era, there was a brief period of building influenced by the Ottoman style before modernism set in, a style that produced pleasant and distinctive public structures. However, it is likely that the Republic would have eventually rejected Ottoman motifs entirely as they continued to distance themselves from the Ottoman Empire. This is particularly important in Konya, because it is perhaps the only large city in Turkey that still doubts its allegiance to the Republic, or perhaps, has its allegiance doubted. Little things, such as the fact that their main statue of Ataturk was converted from a figure commissioned originally for an agricultural prize, as well as the more practical point that Konya votes for the Islamic parties headed by Erbakan, tend to give support to this sceptical view.
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290 290 Thumbnail of 290.jpg
290.jpg
The post-office and the governor's building below are late Ottoman public structures. They lie in an avenue that has the Selattin Mound at one end, and the Mevlana to the other, and contribute greatly to the 'feel' of the city.
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Konya: Post office building JPG
290.jpg
The post-office and the governor's building below are late Ottoman public structures. They lie in an avenue that has the Selattin Mound at one end, and the Mevlana to the other, and contribute greatly to the 'feel' of the city.
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291 291 Thumbnail of 291.jpg
291.jpg
The governor's building will shortly be replaced by a newer set of offices outside the old centre. The archaeological museum hopes that they will be able to take position of the vacated building.
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Konya: Governor's building JPG
291.jpg
The governor's building will shortly be replaced by a newer set of offices outside the old centre. The archaeological museum hopes that they will be able to take position of the vacated building.
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292 292 Thumbnail of 292.jpg
292.jpg
A typical street scene in the centre of Konya, showing the headquarters of the Fazliet Party in the province. At this time, they were the largest opposition party, though they were subsequently banned for anti-secular activities.
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Konya: street scene JPG
292.jpg
A typical street scene in the centre of Konya, showing the headquarters of the Fazliet Party in the province. At this time, they were the largest opposition party, though they were subsequently banned for anti-secular activities.
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60 Kb
293 293 Thumbnail of 293.jpg
293.jpg
The front courtyard of the Mevlana, illustrating graphically the difference between the visiting tourists, and the locals who may use this fountain to wash before entering into the tomb.
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Mevlana: contrast between local and tourist JPG
293.jpg
The front courtyard of the Mevlana, illustrating graphically the difference between the visiting tourists, and the locals who may use this fountain to wash before entering into the tomb.
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61 Kb
294 294-295 Thumbnail of 294.jpg
294.jpg
Tavus baba is a further saintly tomb in Konya, situated in a quarter known as 'Meram'. It is a site for vows and sacrifices, though the pious sometimes claim that the person who lies there is a woman (and therefore by implication not the saintly figure that 'superstitious' believers are appealing to).
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Konya, Meram: Tavus baba JPG
294.jpg
Tavus baba is a further saintly tomb in Konya, situated in a quarter known as 'Meram'. It is a site for vows and sacrifices, though the pious sometimes claim that the person who lies there is a woman (and therefore by implication not the saintly figure that 'superstitious' believers are appealing to).
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47 Kb
295 294-295 Thumbnail of 295.jpg
295.jpg
Tavus baba is a further saintly tomb in Konya, situated in a quarter known as 'Meram'. It is a site for vows and sacrifices, though the pious sometimes claim that the person who lies there is a woman (and therefore by implication not the saintly figure that 'superstitious' believers are appealing to).
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Konya, Meram: Tavus baba JPG
295.jpg
Tavus baba is a further saintly tomb in Konya, situated in a quarter known as 'Meram'. It is a site for vows and sacrifices, though the pious sometimes claim that the person who lies there is a woman (and therefore by implication not the saintly figure that 'superstitious' believers are appealing to).
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66 Kb
296 296 Thumbnail of 296.jpg
296.jpg
The tomb has been newly repaired by the municipality, who are proud of their record in looking after the tombs of Konya. The secular-left are sometimes attacked by the people of Konya for not taking these places of worship seriously enough.
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Tavus baba, outside view JPG
296.jpg
The tomb has been newly repaired by the municipality, who are proud of their record in looking after the tombs of Konya. The secular-left are sometimes attacked by the people of Konya for not taking these places of worship seriously enough.
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297 297-299 Thumbnail of 297.jpg
297.jpg
Examples of vows scratched into the wall at Tavus baba, which, if fulfilled will result in a sacrifice being made to the saint. A translation of this inscription might read as follows: 'God, let me finish school successfully, and be a dutiful daughter. Grant me a good husband, happiness, and a home full of children. Protect me and my loved ones, I beg you. In the name of the holy person who lies here, accept my wish, Sibel.'
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Tavus baba: adak scratched onto wall JPG
297.jpg
Examples of vows scratched into the wall at Tavus baba, which, if fulfilled will result in a sacrifice being made to the saint. A translation of this inscription might read as follows: 'God, let me finish school successfully, and be a dutiful daughter. Grant me a good husband, happiness, and a home full of children. Protect me and my loved ones, I beg you. In the name of the holy person who lies here, accept my wish, Sibel.'
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59 Kb
298 297-299 Thumbnail of 298.jpg
298.jpg
Examples of vows scratched into the wall at Tavus baba, which, if fulfilled will result in a sacrifice being made to the saint. A translation of this inscription might read as follows: 'God, let me finish school successfully, and be a dutiful daughter. Grant me a good husband, happiness, and a home full of children. Protect me and my loved ones, I beg you. In the name of the holy person who lies here, accept my wish, Sibel.'
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Tavus baba: adak scratched onto wall JPG
298.jpg
Examples of vows scratched into the wall at Tavus baba, which, if fulfilled will result in a sacrifice being made to the saint. A translation of this inscription might read as follows: 'God, let me finish school successfully, and be a dutiful daughter. Grant me a good husband, happiness, and a home full of children. Protect me and my loved ones, I beg you. In the name of the holy person who lies here, accept my wish, Sibel.'
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59 Kb
299 297-299 Thumbnail of 299.jpg
299.jpg
Examples of vows scratched into the wall at Tavus baba, which, if fulfilled will result in a sacrifice being made to the saint. A translation of this inscription might read as follows: 'God, let me finish school successfully, and be a dutiful daughter. Grant me a good husband, happiness, and a home full of children. Protect me and my loved ones, I beg you. In the name of the holy person who lies here, accept my wish, Sibel.'
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Tavus baba: adak scratched onto wall JPG
299.jpg
Examples of vows scratched into the wall at Tavus baba, which, if fulfilled will result in a sacrifice being made to the saint. A translation of this inscription might read as follows: 'God, let me finish school successfully, and be a dutiful daughter. Grant me a good husband, happiness, and a home full of children. Protect me and my loved ones, I beg you. In the name of the holy person who lies here, accept my wish, Sibel.'
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300 300 Thumbnail of 300.jpg
300.jpg
The tomb lies just by a park in pleasant surroundings. There is a souvineer and refreshment stall near by. That it, in spite of any religious doubts that may exist, it is carefully looked after as part of the civic life of the city.
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Tavus baba, wider view JPG
300.jpg
The tomb lies just by a park in pleasant surroundings. There is a souvineer and refreshment stall near by. That it, in spite of any religious doubts that may exist, it is carefully looked after as part of the civic life of the city.
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301 301-302 Thumbnail of 301.jpg
301.jpg
The excavation buildings are built to a square plan around a central courtyard. Each season, one or two further parts are added. This shot shows the buildings about three-quarters' finished. In 2001, a seminar room was added. This set of buildings creates a community separated from the village and the town, though in contact with both. However, it is against the site rules for people just to wander around the village, and equally, as the site is in the control of the state, the villagers can not simply wander at will in the site complex.
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Catalhoyuk: showing excavation complex JPG
301.jpg
The excavation buildings are built to a square plan around a central courtyard. Each season, one or two further parts are added. This shot shows the buildings about three-quarters' finished. In 2001, a seminar room was added. This set of buildings creates a community separated from the village and the town, though in contact with both. However, it is against the site rules for people just to wander around the village, and equally, as the site is in the control of the state, the villagers can not simply wander at will in the site complex.
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58 Kb
302 301-302 Thumbnail of 302.jpg
302.jpg
The excavation buildings are built to a square plan around a central courtyard. Each season, one or two further parts are added. This shot shows the buildings about three-quarters' finished. In 2001, a seminar room was added. This set of buildings creates a community separated from the village and the town, though in contact with both. However, it is against the site rules for people just to wander around the village, and equally, as the site is in the control of the state, the villagers can not simply wander at will in the site complex.
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Catalhoyuk: showing excavation complex JPG
302.jpg
The excavation buildings are built to a square plan around a central courtyard. Each season, one or two further parts are added. This shot shows the buildings about three-quarters' finished. In 2001, a seminar room was added. This set of buildings creates a community separated from the village and the town, though in contact with both. However, it is against the site rules for people just to wander around the village, and equally, as the site is in the control of the state, the villagers can not simply wander at will in the site complex.
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303 303 Thumbnail of 303.jpg
303.jpg
This Hittite symbol has since the seventies been the focus of conflict between secularists and Islamists. Adopted initially as the symbol for Ankara by the left-wing, when the Islamists took control of the capital in 1994, they removed it from the municipalities stationary and adopted an overtly Islamic symbol instead. This new, Islamic symbol was found to be constitutionally illegal, but nevertheless the municipality continue to use it, even glazing tiles and building them into the structures that they have put up around the city. That the Hittite model should be overtly displayed in Ankara airport is a clear statement of dominant feeling in that institution. This is one of the most well-known examples of controversy surrounding archaeological finds, and perhaps an indication of the sort of debate that might emerge surrounding Catalhoyuk and the 'mother Goddess' figures.
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Hittite symbol, displayed in Ankara international airport JPG
303.jpg
This Hittite symbol has since the seventies been the focus of conflict between secularists and Islamists. Adopted initially as the symbol for Ankara by the left-wing, when the Islamists took control of the capital in 1994, they removed it from the municipalities stationary and adopted an overtly Islamic symbol instead. This new, Islamic symbol was found to be constitutionally illegal, but nevertheless the municipality continue to use it, even glazing tiles and building them into the structures that they have put up around the city. That the Hittite model should be overtly displayed in Ankara airport is a clear statement of dominant feeling in that institution. This is one of the most well-known examples of controversy surrounding archaeological finds, and perhaps an indication of the sort of debate that might emerge surrounding Catalhoyuk and the 'mother Goddess' figures.
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304 304 Thumbnail of 304.jpg
304.jpg
The traditional house manufacturing of the villages around the site is based on mud-brick of two types, one that can be made in situ, and another, stronger, and usually used for house walls, off-site. That on the left is the stronger type.
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Mud brick wall, illustrated two types of brick JPG
304.jpg
The traditional house manufacturing of the villages around the site is based on mud-brick of two types, one that can be made in situ, and another, stronger, and usually used for house walls, off-site. That on the left is the stronger type.
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305 305 Thumbnail of 305.jpg
305.jpg
In some parts of Turkey, a debate is emerging between the widespread use of new materials and the previous, more harmonious. However, most new houses in the KuCukkoy region are now made from brick, concrete and mortar, and the earlier structures will soon begin to look incongruous.
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Crumbling brick wall JPG
305.jpg
In some parts of Turkey, a debate is emerging between the widespread use of new materials and the previous, more harmonious. However, most new houses in the KuCukkoy region are now made from brick, concrete and mortar, and the earlier structures will soon begin to look incongruous.
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306 306 Thumbnail of 306.jpg
306.jpg
One of the things that local visitors may do when they visit the Mevlana is to open the taps in the washing fountain. One of the traditions is that this will help the consummation of a marriage go smoothly.
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Mevlana: showing open tap for luck JPG
306.jpg
One of the things that local visitors may do when they visit the Mevlana is to open the taps in the washing fountain. One of the traditions is that this will help the consummation of a marriage go smoothly.
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307 307 Thumbnail of 307.jpg
307.jpg
Around KuCukkoy, and in other parts of the region as well, the use of deep-water pumps is extremely widespread. Some of these are sanctioned, but most are sunk without official permission. The combination of fresh water from the ground at will and extremly good soil has resulted in an agricultural boom. However, at the same time, the sinking water table implies that situation of surplus water will be only temporary.
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KuCukkoy: deep pump JPG
307.jpg
Around KuCukkoy, and in other parts of the region as well, the use of deep-water pumps is extremely widespread. Some of these are sanctioned, but most are sunk without official permission. The combination of fresh water from the ground at will and extremly good soil has resulted in an agricultural boom. However, at the same time, the sinking water table implies that situation of surplus water will be only temporary.
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308 308-309 Thumbnail of 308.jpg
308.jpg
This mosque appears to be the preferred form from the point of view of the secular state authorities. It is pleasantly worked, with an arcade to the front, but not domineering, with no large dome or minaret.
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Cumra: mosque in agricultural complex JPG
308.jpg
This mosque appears to be the preferred form from the point of view of the secular state authorities. It is pleasantly worked, with an arcade to the front, but not domineering, with no large dome or minaret.
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60 Kb
309 308-309 Thumbnail of 309.jpg
309.jpg
This mosque appears to be the preferred form from the point of view of the secular state authorities. It is pleasantly worked, with an arcade to the front, but not domineering, with no large dome or minaret.
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Cumra: mosque in agricultural complex JPG
309.jpg
This mosque appears to be the preferred form from the point of view of the secular state authorities. It is pleasantly worked, with an arcade to the front, but not domineering, with no large dome or minaret.
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310 310 Thumbnail of 310.jpg
310.jpg
Kizilhoyugu is one of the larger mounds in the KuCukkoy territory. However, it appears to have no particular ethnographic importance. It is not intrusively damaged, but is ploughed over regularly, which may result it in being flattened completely.
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KuCukkoy: Kizilhoyugu JPG
310.jpg
Kizilhoyugu is one of the larger mounds in the KuCukkoy territory. However, it appears to have no particular ethnographic importance. It is not intrusively damaged, but is ploughed over regularly, which may result it in being flattened completely.
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311 311 Thumbnail of 311.jpg
311.jpg
This spot, with Kizilhoyugu in the distance along the track marks a point where a local man showed us a site that was unknown to us. Whilst many of the mounds are large, others have been levelled in the past (or were never very obstrusive), and are known only to those villager who happen to work in the land in that area. Sometimes, the villagers may have a particular idea of what used to be there. For example, one man whose father had levelled a spot told me that they thought it was a Seljuk mosque. Indeed, investigation showed that it did have Seljuk pottery. This raises a number of complex questions to do with when knowledge becomes the general property of the community as a whole, or when it is just used by a proportion of its people. Anthropologists have never really tackled this issue forcefully enough perhaps, and it is one of the reasons that makes me relunctant to posit an indigenous cultural 'map' of the region - some sites are known by all (such as Efekoy), others only by a few.
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KuCukkoy: view of Kizilhoyugu JPG
311.jpg
This spot, with Kizilhoyugu in the distance along the track marks a point where a local man showed us a site that was unknown to us. Whilst many of the mounds are large, others have been levelled in the past (or were never very obstrusive), and are known only to those villager who happen to work in the land in that area. Sometimes, the villagers may have a particular idea of what used to be there. For example, one man whose father had levelled a spot told me that they thought it was a Seljuk mosque. Indeed, investigation showed that it did have Seljuk pottery. This raises a number of complex questions to do with when knowledge becomes the general property of the community as a whole, or when it is just used by a proportion of its people. Anthropologists have never really tackled this issue forcefully enough perhaps, and it is one of the reasons that makes me relunctant to posit an indigenous cultural 'map' of the region - some sites are known by all (such as Efekoy), others only by a few.
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312 312 Thumbnail of 312.jpg
312.jpg
Kartaltomegi is unusual in that it is a mound erected artificially without any habitation. Villagers say that they did so after a field dispute, and that it marked the boundary between Karkin and KuCukkoy. Today, it is partially dismantled to make way for a new water channel, and just as supposed, it appears to be nothing but piled earth.
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KuCukkoy: Kartaltomegi JPG
312.jpg
Kartaltomegi is unusual in that it is a mound erected artificially without any habitation. Villagers say that they did so after a field dispute, and that it marked the boundary between Karkin and KuCukkoy. Today, it is partially dismantled to make way for a new water channel, and just as supposed, it appears to be nothing but piled earth.
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59 Kb
313 313-319 Thumbnail of 313.jpg
313.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
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KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
313.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
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62 Kb
314 313-319 Thumbnail of 314.jpg
314.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
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KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
314.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
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61 Kb
315 313-319 Thumbnail of 315.jpg
315.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
315.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
75 Kb
316 313-319 Thumbnail of 316.jpg
316.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
316.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
60 Kb
317 313-319 Thumbnail of 317.jpg
317.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
317.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
63 Kb
318 313-319 Thumbnail of 318.jpg
318.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
318.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
58 Kb
319 313-319 Thumbnail of 319.jpg
319.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
KuCukkoy: Kizlar hoyugu JPG
319.jpg
Many of the mounds in the region are under threat. This is through illegal digging in part, but the most serious danger comes from the mechanisation of agriculture combined with a major redistribution of field boundaries. The new boundaries were drawn on a map, and if necessary cleared using bulldozers. This has wrecked havoc on the archaeology of the area. Here, we see Kizlarhoyugu, a pre-historic mound with its right-hand third shaved neatly off to cope with a newly laid-out field on the right. The resulting section can be seen clearly by the naked eye.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
59 Kb
320 320 Thumbnail of 320.jpg
320.jpg
Kapidali, showing the rough, dug out part of the mound. The white column on the left is a high point for mapping purposes and present on most mounds.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
KuCukkoy: Kapidali JPG
320.jpg
Kapidali, showing the rough, dug out part of the mound. The white column on the left is a high point for mapping purposes and present on most mounds.
[DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link
60 Kb

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