Clifford's Tower

Kirstin Miller, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5284/1000189. How to cite using this DOI

Digital Object Identifiers

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are persistent identifiers which can be used to consistently and accurately reference digital objects and/or content. The DOIs provide a way for the ADS resources to be cited in a similar fashion to traditional scholarly materials. More information on DOIs at the ADS can be found on our help page.

Citing this DOI

The updated Crossref DOI Display guidelines recommend that DOIs should be displayed in the following format:

https://doi.org/10.5284/1000189
Sample Citation for this DOI

Kirstin Miller (2005) Clifford's Tower [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1000189

Data copyright © Kirstin Miller unless otherwise stated

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Resource identifiers

Digital Object Identifiers

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are persistent identifiers which can be used to consistently and accurately reference digital objects and/or content. The DOIs provide a way for the ADS resources to be cited in a similar fashion to traditional scholarly materials. More information on DOIs at the ADS can be found on our help page.

Citing this DOI

The updated Crossref DOI Display guidelines recommend that DOIs should be displayed in the following format:

https://doi.org/10.5284/1000189
Sample Citation for this DOI

Kirstin Miller (2005) Clifford's Tower [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1000189

Overview

The data

Object
ObjectDescription
Assize Courts Built in 1773-1774 on the south side of the Eye of York, adjacent to Clifford's Tower, on the site of York Castle. Now functions as the County Court.
Baile Hill 11th Century motte structure on located south of the River Ouse, York, opposite Clifford's Tower.
Chapel 14th century chapel in the forebuilding of Clifford's Tower.
County Gaol Built in 1701-1704 on the East side of the Eye of York, adjacent to Clifford's Tower, on the site of York Castle. Previously known as the debtor's prison. Now functions as part of the Castle Museum.
Drawbridge Drawbridge from the inner bailey to Clifford's Tower. This structure is no longer in existence.
Female Prison Built in 1780-1783 on the North side of the Eye of York, adjacent to Clifford's Tower, on the site of York Castle. Now functions as part of the Castle Museum.
Forebuilding The structure housing the entrance to Clifford's Tower. Built during the medieval period and remodelled during the 17th century.
Motte The mound on which Clifford's Tower stands. Originally built in 1067 by William the conqueror.
Roman Sarcophagi 2 inscribed Roman sarcophagi discovered during excavations on the York Castle area.
Event
EventDescription
Chartist Movement The first attempt in England to build a political party representing the labouring and less privileged members of society.
Excavations on the Motte 1824 - Excavation Samuel Waud
1902 - Excavation Benson and Platnauer
Excavations in York Castle Area 1835 - Excavations uncover first inscribed Roman sarcophagi
1938 - Air raid trenches across the Eye of York
1959 - York Philosophical Society Excavations of a drain outside York Castle
1981 - YAT Excavations behind Tower Street
1992 - YAT Excavations on the Castle car park and outside the Female Prison
1993 - YAT Boreholes on the Castle car park
1995 - YAT Excavation on Castle car park
1998 - YAT Excavation adjacent to Female Prison
Luddite Trials Trials of Luddites from the Huddersfield area in 1813.
Pilgrimage of Grace Northern rebellion against the dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s.
Seige of York York Under siege in the 17th century.
Person
PersonDescription
Robert Aske An attorney from Aughton, Yorkshire, UK. Led the Pilgrimage of Grace against the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536. Executed for treason in 1537.
August Carlson A Swedish seaman found guilty of murder and executed in York in 1896. The last person to be executed at York.
Irish Hostages Hostages from Ireland held in York Castle in 1210.
Knights Templar Order of Fighting Monks formed in 1119 and dissolved in 1312. Held in York Castle 1307-1309.
Lothesdale Friends Quakers from Lothesdale, Lancashire, held in York Castle in 1795 for non-payment of tithes.
Lindley Murray American Quaker, lived in York in the late 18th and early 19th century. Wrote an influential English Grammar.
John Nevison Highwayman from Pontefract, Yorkshire, active in the late 17th century.
Feargus O'Connor Leader of the early 19th century Chartist movement. Held in York Castle in 1840-41 for articles written in the Northern Star.
Frederick Parker Convicted of murder in 1868. The last prisoner to be executed in public at York Castle.
Robert Redhead Gaoler of York Castle in 1596. Tried to demolish Clifford's Tower.
Lucius Septimus Severus Emperor of Rome 193-211. Spent 3 years based in York during campaigns against the Caledonian tribes.
Sir Henry Slingsby Commanded a foot regiment in York during the English Civil War.
Dick Turpin Highwayman from Essex. Was tried and imprisoned in York Castle prior to his execution in York in 1739
Identifiers

A number of identifiers have been cited as initials:

InitialsDescription
ISBN International Standard Book Number
YAT York Archaeological Trust NumberExcavation site code has been used e.g. 1998.58In the case of small finds the excavation site code has been given with the number pertaining to the actual find in brackets e.g.1998.58 (5)
EH English Heritage identifier. This has been used to describe finds recorded from inside Clifford's Tower now held in the Helmsley Store.
YOR York City Library location number. This has been given for historic documents that do not have an ISBN. In order to identify the source in the library the user will need to quote creator, date, title and description as well as the YOR.
URL Uniform Resource Locator. Given for internet references.
YAG York Art Gallery exhibition number. Given for images in an exhibition entitled York Through the Eyes of the Artist.
Source

This field is used to record chapters from a book, articles from a journal or finds from an excavation etc. Schemes used will include:

NameDescription
ISBN International Standard Book Number
YAT York Archaeological Trust NumberExcavation site code has been used e.g. 1998.58In the case of small finds the excavation site code has been given with the number pertaining to the actual find in brackets e.g.1998.58 (5)
YOR York City Library location number. This has been given for historic documents that do not have an ISBN. In order to identify the source in the library the user will need to quote creator, date, title and description as well as the YOR.
Period

Period is defined using the English Heritage Conservation Plan and the InterCulture interpretation in the website.

NameDescription
Roman 71AD - c400AD representing the period from the founding of Roman York to the end of Roman rule in the UK. Several Roman burials have been found on the Castle area from this period.
Dark Ages c400AD - 1066 representing the period between the end of Roman rule to the Norman conquest of England. Possible continuation of the area as a cemetery in the Anglo-Scandinavian period.
Medieval 1066 - 1625 representing the period from the Norman conquest of England to the refortification of York prior to the English Civil War. York Castle and Clifford's Tower were built in timber and rebuilt in stone. York became a centre for justice in Yorkshire.
Civil War 1625 - 1699 representing the English Civil war and its aftermath. During this period York Castle was refortified and both the Royalists and Parliamentarians held York. The Tower was used after the conflict as an armoury.
18 & 19 Century 1700 - 1899 During this period York Castle went out of use as a fortification and was developed as a prison complex and seat of justice. Clifford's Tower became part of a dwelling and until 1824 was a garden folly.
20 Century 1900 - 1999 The prison was decommissioned in the early 20th century. The development of the Castle and Clifford's Tower as a tourist attraction and archaeological excavations in the area.
Area

Sources have been split into specific areas:

NameDescription
Clifford's Tower Pertaining to Clifford's Tower and the motte only.
York Castle Pertaining to York Castle including the area covered by the castle baileys (Castle car park, Tower Street, the Eye of York, the Castle Museum and the County Courts) and Baile Hill.
York Pertaining to the city of York
Yorkshire Pertaining to the modern Counties of North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire.
UK Pertaining to the UK

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