Periods 1 & 2 phase 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, pre-Roman & c.AD48 - 53,,,period:,,1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1, ,,,landuse:,,OA1,OA18,OA19,OA19,OA19,S4,S4,S4,B1,OA4,OA4,OA4, ,,,group:,,100,212,222,223,223,228,228,228,103,105,237,241, ,,,interp:,,NS,EU,EU,EU,EU,EU,ED,ED,SP,PR,ED,P, ,,,context no:,,6202,12805,12658,12908,12908,12863,12824,13007,15644,15636,14005,14006, ,,,sample no:,,849,918,835,921,924,873,860,911,976,964,868,869, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,plant,ab/use,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Latin name,English name,part,code,pres,,,,,,,,,,,,, charred remains,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, cereal grains,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Triticum spelta L.,spelt wheat,-,FI,C, , , , , , ,2, , ,, , ,200 Triticum dicoccum/spelta,emmer/spelt wheat,-,FI,C, , , ,1, , , , , ,, , ,300 Triticum spelta/aestivum,spelt/bread wheat,-,FI,C, , , ,1, , , , , ,, , ,490 Triticum sp.,wheat,-,FI,C, , ,2, , , , , , ,40, , ,502 cf. Triticum sp.,wheat,-,FI,C, , , , , ,1, , , ,, , ,541 Hordeum vulgare L.,barley,-,FI,C, , ,1, , ,30,1,1, ,400, , ,700 cf. Hordeum vulgare L.,barley,-,FI,C, , ,1, , ,5, , , ,, , ,730 Avena sp.,oat,-,AFI,C, , , , , ,4,3, , ,, , ,842 Cerealia,indet. cereal,-,FI,C, , , , , ,7,2, ,3,, , ,940 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, cereal chaff,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Triticum monococcum/dicoccum,einkorn/emmer glume base,GB,FI,C, , , , , ,2, , , ,, , ,195 Triticum spelta L.,spelt wheat spikelet ,SK,FI,C, , , , , ,1, , , ,20, , ,215 Triticum spelta L.,spelt wheat spikelet fork,SF,FI,C, , ,1, , , , , , ,, , ,220 Triticum spelta L.,spelt wheat glume base,GB,FI,C, , ,4, , , ,2, , ,, , ,225 Triticum cf. spelta,spelt wheat glume base,GB,FI,C, , , , , ,6, , , ,, , ,275 Triticum dicoccum/spelta,emmer/spelt wheat glume base,GB,FI,C, , , , , ,3, , , ,, , ,320 Triticum sp.,wheat spikelet fork,SF,FI,C, , , , , ,1, , , ,80, , ,518 Triticum sp.,wheat glume base,GB,FI,C, , ,4, , ,11,3, , ,200, , ,523 Triticum sp.,wheat rachis,R,FI,C, , , , , , ,1, , ,, , ,526 Hordeum vulgare L.,barley rachis,R,FI,C,,,,,,,,,,80,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, food remains,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rubus fruticosus/idaeus,blackberry/raspberry,-,CF,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,225000 Corylus avellana L.,hazelnut shell,NS,CF,C, ,+, , , , , , , ,, , ,405000 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, weed seeds & other remains,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ranunculus acris/repens/bulbosus,buttercups,-,ABCDE,C, ,1, , , ,1, , , ,, , ,7000 Ranunculus flammula L.,lesser spearwort,-,E,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,19000 Montia fontana ssp. chondrosperma L,blinks,-,AE,C, ,2, , , , , , , ,, , ,147000 Polygonum hydropiper L.,water pepper,-,E,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,359000 Rumex acetosella agg.,sheep's sorrel,-,AD,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,367000 Urtica urens L.,small nettle,-,AB,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,389000 Prunella vulgaris L.,self-heal,-,BCD,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,450000 Carduus/Cirsium spp.,thistles,-,ABDE,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,545500 Onopordum acanthium L.,Scotch thistle,-,ABC,C, , , , , ,1, , , ,, , ,546500 Centaurea cf. nigra,lesser knapweed,-,BD,C, , , , , ,1, , , ,, , ,549500 Isolepis setacea (L.)R.Br.,bristle club-rush,-,E,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,633700 Carex spp.,sedges,-,CDE,C, ,1, , , , , , , ,, , ,637000 Bromus spp.,bromes,-,ABD,C, , , , , ,1,1, , ,, , ,664000 Poaceae indet.,grasses,-,ABCDEFI,C, ,1,2, , ,2, , , ,, , ,706000 indeterminate,bud,BD,-,C,,,,,,,,,,+,,, indeterminate,stem,ST,-,C, , ,+, , , , , , ,++, , ,707500 indeterminate,wood,WD,-,C, ,+,++,++,+,+++,++,++,+++,++++,++, ,707800 Bryophyta indet.,moss,-,-,C, ,+, , , , , , , ,, , ,710000 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, waterlogged remains,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Bryophyta indet.,mosses,-,-,W,++, ,+++,+, ,+,++,++, ,+++,++,++,710000 Pteridium aquilinum (L)Kuhn,bracken leaf,LF,CDH,W, , ,++,+, ,++,+,+, ,,+++, ,3000 Caltha palustris L.,marsh marigold,-,CE,W, , , , , ,+, , , ,, , ,5000 Ranunculus acris/repens/bulbosus,buttercups,-,ABCDE,W,++, ,+++,+,+,++,++,+,+,+,+,+,7000 Ranunculus sardous Crantz,hairy buttercup,-,ABE,W, , ,+, , ,+, , , ,,+, ,13000 Ranunculus cf. sardous,hairy buttercup,-,ABE,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, ,+,14000 Ranunculus parviflorus L.,small-flowered buttercup,-,CD,W,++, ,+, , , ,++, , ,, , ,14990 Ranunculus flammula L.,lesser spearwort,-,E,W,+, ,++,+,++,+,+,+, ,+,+,+,19000 Ranunculus subgen. Batrachium (DC)A,crowfoots,-,E,W, ,++++,+,+,++++,+, , , ,, , ,25000 Thalictrum flavum L.,common meadow rue,-,DE,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,27000 Thalictrum cf. flavum,common meadow rue,-,DE,W, , , , , ,+, , , ,, , ,28000 Thalictrum flavum/minus,meadow rue,-,DE,W, , , , , , , , , ,,+, ,29000 Papaver somniferum L.,opium poppy,-,BI,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,37000 Papaver cf. rhoeas,field poppy,-,AB,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,33000 Papaver cf. dubium,long-headed poppy,-,AB,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,3410 Papaver cf. argemone,long prickly-headed poppy,-,AB,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,36000 Papaver sp.,poppy,-,ABI,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,41000 Fumaria sp.,fumitory,-,ABC,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,44000 Raphanus raphanistrum L.,wild radish siliqua,SQ,A,W, , ,+, , ,+, , , ,, , ,54050 Viola spp.,violet,-,ABCD,W, , , , , ,+,+, , ,, ,+,78500 Hypericum sp.,St. John's wort ,-,CDE,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,,+,+,80000 Silene spp.,campion/catchfly,-,ABCDF,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,96000 Lychnis flos-cuculi L.,ragged robin,-,CDE,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,98000 Agrostemma githago L.,corn cockle,-,AB,W,+, ,+++,+, ,+,+,+, ,+,++, ,100000 Cerastium spp.,mouse-ear chickweed,-,ABD,W,+, , , ,+, , ,+, ,, , ,108000 Stellaria media (L.) Vill.,common chickweed,-,ABCDE,W,+, ,++, ,+,+,+,+, ,,++, ,113000 Stellaria graminea L.,lesser stitchwort,-,CD,W,+, ,+,+, ,+++,++,+,+,,++, ,120000 Spergula arvensis L.,corn spurrey,-,ADF,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,142000 cf. Scleranthus annuus,annual knawel,FR,AB,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,145005 Montia fontana ssp. chondrosperma L,blinks,-,AE,W,++, ,++,+,+++,+,++,+,+,+,+,+,147000 Chenopodium cf. polyspermum,all-seed,-,AB,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,153000 Chenopodium album L.,fat hen,-,ABF,W,+, ,+++,+,+,+++,++,+,+,+,++,++,154000 Chenopodium rubrum/glaucum,red/glaucous goosefoot,-,AB,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,166000 Chenopodium sp.,goosefoots etc.,-,ABCDF,W, , , , , , , , ,+,, , ,169000 Atriplex sp.,orache,-,ABF,W, , ,++, , ,+,++,+, ,, ,+,177000 Malva sp.,mallow seed capsule,CP,BCDF,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,186015 Ilex aquifolium ****,holly leaf,LF,CI,W, , , , , , ,++, , ,, , ,193810 cf. Trifolium sp.,clover,CX,ABDI,W, , , , , ,+, , , ,,+,+,201050 Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.,meadow-sweet,-,CDE,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,,+, ,220000 Potentilla anserina ****,silverweed,-,BDE,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,230500 Potentilla cf. erecta,tormentil,-,CDE,W, , ,+,+,+,+,++,+, ,+,+, ,236000 Potentilla spp.,cinquefoil,-,BCDEF,W,+, ,+,+, , ,++, , ,,+,+,246000 Aphanes arvensis agg.,parsley piert,-,ABD,W,++, ,+,+,+,+,++, , ,+,+,++,254000 Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.,marsh pennywort,-,E,W, , , , ,+, , , , ,, , ,280500 cf. Anthriscus sp.,chervil,-,BC,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,281600 Oenanthe fistulosa L.,water dropwort,-,E,W, , ,+,+, ,+,+, , ,,+,+,294000 Oenanthe sp.,dropwort,-,DE,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,294920 Aethusa cynapium L.,fool's parsley,-,A,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,295001 Conium maculatum L.,hemlock,-,CE,W, , , , , , ,+, ,+,, , ,298000 Apium nodiflorum (L.)Lag.,fool's watercress,-,E,W, ,+, , ,+, , , , ,, , ,300200 Apium sp.,marshworts,-,EFI,W, , , , ,+, , , , ,, , ,300900 Torilis sp.,hedge-parsley,-,ACD,W,+, , , , ,+, , , ,,+, ,304700 Daucus carota L.,wild carrot,-,ADFI,W, , , , , ,+,+, , ,, ,++,338500 Polygonum aviculare agg.,knotgrass,-,AB,W,++++, ,++, ,+,++,++,+, ,+,+++,++,346000 Polygonum persicaria L.,persicaria,-,ABE,W,+, ,+, , ,+,++, , ,+,+, ,350000 Polygonum lapathifolium L.,pale persicaria,-,ABE,W,+, ,++, , ,+, , , ,,++, ,352000 Polygonum hydropiper L.,water pepper,-,E,W, , , , ,+++, , , , ,, , ,359000 Polygonum mite Shrank,tasteless water-pepper,-,E,W,,,,,,,,,,+,,,360400 Polygonum hydropiper/mite,water pepper,-,E,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,360700 Fallopia convolvulus(L.) A. Love,black bindweed,-,ABF,W, , ,+, , ,+,+, , ,,+, ,361000 Rumex acetosella agg.,sheep's sorrel,-,AD,W,++, ,++,+,+,++,++,+,++,,+,++,367000 Rumex sp.,docks,-,ABCDEF,W,+, ,+++,+, ,+,++,+,+,+,+,+,384000 Urtica urens L.,small nettle,-,AB,W,+++, ,++, , ,++,+, , ,,+, ,389000 Urtica dioica L.,stinging nettle,-,BCDEF,W,+, ,+, ,+,+,+, , ,,+, ,392000 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner,alder,-,CE,W,+, , , , , , , , ,,+, ,403080 cf. Anagallis arvensis,scarlet pimpernel,-,A,W, , ,+, , , ,+, , ,, ,+,406700 Hyoscyamus niger L.,henbane,-,BD,W,+, ,+, ,+,+,+, , ,, , ,413000 Solanum nigrum L.,black nightshade,-,BF,W,+, , ,+, ,+,+++,+, ,, , ,416000 cf. Rhinanthus minor,yellow rattle,-,D,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,434000 Rhinanthus sp.,yellow rattle,-,ABD,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,435000 Mentha spp.,mints,-,ABCEFI,W, , , ,+, , ,+, , ,, , ,440000 Lycopus europaeus L.,gipsy-wort,-,E,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,,+, ,441000 Prunella vulgaris L.,self-heal,-,BCD,W,++, ,+++,++, ,++, ,+, ,,++,+++,450000 cf. Galeopsis tetrahit,common hemp-nettle,-,ACE,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,458900 Marrubium vulgare L.,white horehound,-,B,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,468000 cf. Marrubium vulgare,white horehound,-,B,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,469000 Plantago lanceolata L.,ribwort,-,D,W,+, , ,+, , , , , ,, , ,478000 Galium spp.,bedstraws,-,ABCDE,W, , ,+,+, ,+,+, , ,,+, ,489700 Sambucus nigra L.,elder,-,BCF,W,+, ,+, ,+,+, , , ,, , ,493000 Valerianella locusta (L.)Laterrade,lamb's lettuce,FR,AC,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,495850 Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich,corn salad,-,A,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,496000 Bidens cernua L.,nodding bur-marigold,-,E,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,500000 Carduus/Cirsium spp.,thistles,-,ABDE,W,++, ,+, ,++,+,+, ,+,,+,+,545500 Onopordum acanthium L.,scotch thistle,-,ABC,W, , , , , ,+, , , ,, , ,546500 Centaurea cf. cyanus,cornflower,-,AB,W, , , , , , , , , ,,+, ,548000 Centaurea sp.,knapweed,-,ABD,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,550000 Lapsana communis L.,nipplewort,-,BCF,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,557000 Hypochoeris cf. radicata,cat's ear,-,CD,W,+, , , , ,+, , , ,, , ,560000 Leontodon cf. autumnalis,autumnal hawkbit,-,BD,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,564000 Leontodon cf. hispidus,rough hawkbit,-,D,W,+, , , , , , , , ,, , ,566000 Leontodon autumnalis/hispidus,hawkbit,-,D,W, , , , , ,+, , , ,, , ,566500 Leontodon taraxacoides ****,hairy hawkbit,-,D,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,566600 Leontodon sp.,hawkbit,-,DF,W,+, ,++, , , , , , ,,+,+,566900 Picris hieracioides L.,hawkweed,-,D,W,+,,++, ,,+,+,,,,+,,"1 571300 """ Sonchus asper (L.) Hill,spiny sow-thistle,-,AB,W, , , , , , , , , ,, ,+,576000 Sonchus cf. asper,spiny sow-thistle,-,AB,W, , ,+, , ,+, , , ,, , ,577000 Sonchus sp.,sow-thistle,-,ABE,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,,+, ,579000 Alismataceae indet.,-,-,E,W, , , ,+, , , , , ,, , ,596000 Triglochin maritima L.,sea arrow-head,-,E,W, , ,+, , , , ,+, ,,+, ,598000 Juncus sp.,rush,-,ADE,W,+++, ,++, ,+++,++,+++,++,++,,++,+++,607500 Iris pseudacorus L.,yellow iris,-,E,W, , , , , , , , , ,,+, ,611100 Eleocharis palustris/uniglumis,spike-rush,-,E,W,+, ,+++,+, ,+,++,+, ,+,+,+,622000 Isolepis setacea (L.)R.Br.,bristle club-rush,-,E,W,+, ,++, ,+++, ,+, , ,, ,+,633700 Carex spp.,sedges,-,CDE,W,++, ,++,++,++,++,+++,+,+,+,+,+,637000 Cyperaceae indet.,-,-,ABCDEFI,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,640000 Bromus spp.,bromes,-,ABD,W, , , ,+, , , , , ,, , ,664000 cf. Danthonia decumbens,heath grass,-,D,W, , , ,+, , , , , ,, , ,704030 Poaceae indet.,grasses,-,ABCDEFI,W,+++, ,++,+++,+++, ,++,++, ,,++,+++,706000 indeterminate,-,-,-,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,,+, ,707000 indeterminate,bud,BD,-,W, , ,+, , , ,++, , ,,++, ,707400 indeterminate,stem,ST,-,W,+++, ,++,+++,++, ,++,+++, ,,+++,+++,707500 indeterminate,fruit,FR,-,W, , ,+,+, , , , , ,, , ,707600 indeterminate,thorn,TH,-,W,++, , , , ,+,+, , ,,+,+,707700 indeterminate,wood,WD,-,W,+, ,++++, ,++,+++,+++,+++,+++,++++,++++,+,707800 indeterminate,plant tissue,PT,-,W,+++, ,+++,+++, ,+++,+++, ,++,, ,+++,707900 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, foods & other useful plants,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Triticum spelta L.,spelt wheat glume base,GB,FI,W,+, , , , , ,+,++, ,, , ,225 Triticum cf. spelta,spelt wheat glume base,GB,FI,W, , ,++, , , , , , ,,, ,275 Triticum dicoccum/spelta,emmer/spelt wheat glume base,GB,FI,W, , , , , , , , , ,,+, ,320 Triticum spp.,wheat spikelet fork,SF,FI,W, , , , , ,+, , , ,,+, ,518 Triticum spp.,wheat glume base,GB,FI,W,+, ,+++, , ,++, ,+, ,,+++, ,523 Triticum/Secale sp.,wheat/rye,-,FI,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,650 Cerealia,indet. cereal,-,FI,W, , , , , , , , ,+,,++, ,940 Cerealia,indet. cereal bran,BN,FI,W,+++, ,+++, , , , , , ,,+++,+,985 Beta vulgaris L.,beet fruit,FR,FI,W, , , , , ,+,+, , ,, , ,171000 Rubus fruticosus/idaeus,blackberry/raspberry,-,CF,W,++, ,+,+,+,+, , , ,,+,+,225000 Fragaria vesca L.,wild strawberry,-,CDF,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,248000 cf. Fragaria vesca,wild strawberry,-,CDF,W, , , , , , , ,+, ,, , ,249000 Prunus spinosa L.,sloe,-,CF,W, , ,+, , ,+,+, , ,,+, ,258000 Pyrus/Malus sp.,pear/apple,-,CFI,W, , , , , , ,+, , ,, , ,272000 Coriandrum sativum L.,coriander,-,FI,W, , ,+, , ,+, ,+, ,+,+, ,282001 Ficus carica L.,fig,-,FI,W, , ,+, , , ,+, , ,+, , ,397000 Juglans regia ****,walnut shell,-,FI,W, , ,+, , , , , , ,, , ,401500 Corylus avellana L.,hazel nutshell,NS,CF,W, , ,+,+, ,++,++,+,+,,+, ,405000