ID,PLANT_SUMMARY,SPELT_WHAT,EMMER_WHAT,FREE_THRESHING_WHEAT,BARLEY,RYE,PULSES,FRUITS,FLAX,OATS,EVIDENCE_MALTING,EVIDENCE_IMPORTED_FOODS,EVIDENCE_HORTICULTURAL_CROPS,EVIDENCE_HAY_MEADOWS,DATE_START,DATE_END
1001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1003,"213 bulk samples (15-30 l) collected, most with v low densities of CPR. Samples from the aisled granary show that wheat, barley and pulses were grown and stored as separate crops. Plants from the well in the villa portico include stone pine, sweet chestnut, olive and grape.",moderate,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,,,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,120,400
1004,"44 bulk samples from Roman features (cemetery and settlement). In early Roman phase emmer and spelt wheat processed (and bread wheat grown), with spelt predominating in mid to late Roman period when heavier clay soils cultivated. Volume of wheat chaff in LR phase suggests surplus bound for outside the site. Barley grown in LR period, probably as fodder.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,375
1005,"7 bulk samples taken from features of different dates. Spelt processing waste along with small amounts of bread wheat recovered from LIA/ER contexts. Suggested that that the cereals were being grown locally on the damp, clay soils.",moderate,minor,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
1006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1007,No data,,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1009,"10 bulk samples, mostly quite sparse representing processing of small quantities of emmer and spelt spikelets. Primarily emmer and spelt wheat (in approx. equal amounts), with a little hulled barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,60
1010,"Few plant remains preserved, but these were indicative of cereal production.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,450
1011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1012,"CPR  comprises cereals (mainly spelt where identified), weed seeds & hazelnut fragments.",minor,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
1013,"Ten soil samples analysed, indicating typical cereal remains of emmer and spelt, plus oats, fruits and barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,325
1014,"Four samples from LIA-early Roman features produced useful quantities of charred plant remains, predominantly grain-rich or grain and chaff-rich samples, rather than cereal processing waste. Dominated by emmer/spelt wheat grain, with some bread-type free threshing wheat, barley, rye and oats. Spelt glume bases indicate this was the most abundant crop. Limited evidence for pea and flax.Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,120
1015,"50 samples taken from ACS site. Absolute densities of CPR are low and cereals form main component. Economy based on spelt wheat production, with very limited emmer and bread wheat. No evidence for disposal of waste from early stages of crop processing - spelt probably supplied by farms/fields on lighter soils on edges of till plateau.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-75,75
1016,"110 samples from BLS and DFS sites. Sites related to an agricultural system based primarily on production of spelt wheat, with traces of emmer and bread wheat. Assemblages largely of glume wheat chaff. Some grains show signs of germination - malting? Grassland plants are well represented, perhaps related to hay crops.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,50,400
1017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1020,10 samples analysed. Very few plant remains - spelt and emmer wheat,minor,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
1021,"2 samples fully analysed from cremation burials - oak, ash and maple from charcoal. Indeterminate wheat from CPR.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,250
1022,1 sample contained high density of cereal processing waste - mostly spelt.,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,120
1023,"22 bulk soil samples assessed, but plant remains were scarce. One sample did contain high vols of peas and field beans. Only cereal ID was spelt.",minor,,,,,moderate,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,1,400
1024,"3 samples from a LIA-ER well. Possible contamination. Indication of hedges in vicinity, but otherwise an open grassland landscape. Considerable arable production on site.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
1025,Samples from 3 ER and 1 LR wells. Pollen suggests open grazed grassland with cereal and flax arable.,moderate,,,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1026,55 soil samples. Increase in spelt during RB phase.,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1027,Soil samples taken from 6 Red Hills sites in Blackwater estuary to look at use of cereal by-products in salt-making industry. Emmer & especially spelt used as temper over long period.,abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1030,83 soil samples. Very small amount of CPR & no querns suggests cereal processing on site was minimal. Spelt wheat major crop.,minor,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
1031,"Small quantities of spelt wheat, bread wheat and barley",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
1032,"A sample from an early Roman pit produced charred cereal remains, mainly emmer/spelt wheat grain, minimal bread-type free threshing wheat grain, and some spelt glume bases. A single mid Roman sample came from a ditch, while 8 samples came from late Roman contexts (including from a corndrier). The charred cereal remains from most late samples are likely to have been the waste products from removing the husks from fairly clean spelt spikelets. Spelt wheat and possible bread wheat were the only two cereals present in the oven, but peas may also have been present. A sample from a pit SW of the oven produced a grain-rich deposit with few weed seeds, some spelt and possible emmer chaff and remains of hay from damp meadows. Also relatively large number of rye grains and a few oats. Minimal barley and a single flax seed. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,moderate,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,50,400
1033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1034,"Just two samples taken, indicating mainly spelt and bread wheat, with some rye and a single barley grain.",moderate,,moderate,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
1035,Spelt wheat and ltd bread wheat recovered from some cremation graves - probably kindling debris though could be offerings?,minor,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,125
1036,"Single LIA sample contained spelt & emmer wheat. Two ER samples from ditch, with 2/3 of wheat spelt & 1/3 emmer.  Dominance of glume bases. Also plum noted. Indication for cultivation of wide range of soil types.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
1037,"13 samples, with grains of barley and wheat in 8. All identifiable wheat is spelt.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
1038,"High density of charred remains from kiln, including oat, barley and especially spelt.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
1039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1046,"14 samples, but plant remains very rare indicating low level of human activity in vicinity.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,120
1047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1050,Samples all low density. Weed species typical of damp grassland/wetland.,minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,450
1051,"3 samples, a mixture of refuse and industrial debris.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
1052,"10 samples, mostly from quarry, which was probably used for domestic rubbish and waste from cereal processing. All ID wheat was spelt.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
1053,"Samples from three 3rd C corndriers taken. Mainly semi-cleaned spelt wheat spikelets (grain and chaff) with a small amount of barley contaminant. Almost all spelt grains had germinated prior to parching, almost certainly for the production of malt.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,250
1054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1056,"19 bulk samples taken from variety of features, including the well. CPR & insect remains suggest well stood in or next to area of arable land & some distance from settlement. Only indication of crops were a few spelt and barley grains from nearby ditch.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,250
1057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1061,14 bulk samples taken. CPR very rare indicating no crop processing in vicinity.,,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,450
1062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1064,8 samples revealed mainly spelt wheat with some bread wheat and barley,moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
1065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1069,Waterlogged deposits from well revealed oak charcoal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
1070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1072,Column sample from ditch in malthouse site - most common are glume bases of spelt. Also germinated grain - possible charred malting residues.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
1073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1076,"7 bulk samples taken, 4 from the oven. Cereal remains sparse and unidentified. Nothing to suggest oven used in crop processing.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
1077,"10 samples. Cereals and seeds/fruits were extremely rare and were noted in only four samples, mostly as single specimens. A badly puffed wheat (Triticum sp.) grain was recovered and abraded spelt (T. spelta) glume bases were found. Cereal processing was not being undertaken on or near the site.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
1078,A single environmental sample contained only limited amounts of charcoal and burnt animal bone,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,70
1079,"Five samples assessed. Grains and chaff particularly abundant in one sample (burnt cereal processing waste). Oat, barley and wheat grains recorded, with wheat being predominant. Spelt wheat glume bases were common. Remains of other crops were rare, but include large pulses (pea/bean).",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
1080,"Six samples taken, but no results provided in report.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1081,"Five samples - plant remains are exceedingly scarce, and those recorded are very poorly preserved. Possible wheat grains are present within the ditch samples.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1083,"Ten bulk samples taken, two containing charred grain, but all were very small and badly preserved.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1087,Five bulk samples were taken from Roman features - Charred material consisted of small quantities of charcoal only (oak identified). No cereal remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
1088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1091,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1092,"14 samples from Roman features - produced ?typical? Roman rural cereal-processing assemblage,  dominated by spelt chaff but also including free-threshing wheats, barley/rye and oats. Unusually, this appears to be a single dump of material, with no evidence of a ?background scatter? of comparable material in other contexts as is frequently seen at other contemporary sites.",moderate,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
1093,"97 samples processed, but few carbonised seeds and grains recovered.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
1094,"Eight soil samples taken, containing charred spelt and emmer/spelt chaff. Possible malting of spelt but remains uncertain. Pollen samples from the wooden cistern indicate open grassland during main period of use, but  clear evidence of woodland and shrub colonisation in close proximity which may represent late Roman abandonment of the site and reversion to woodland.",moderate,minor,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,370
1095,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1096,"274 samples were assessed for charred plant remains/charcoal and a further 64 samples were assessed for waterlogged plant macrofossils. Charred cereal remains, especially cereal chaff, were frequently encountered - includes emmer, spelt and hulled barley. WPR included indeterminate sloe/small plum/greengage/damson/bullace type along with cherry.",moderate,moderate,,moderate,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1097,"Four bulk samples - relatively sparse, but did include grains and few glumes and spikelet forks of emmer wheat and barley, along with a few remains of hazelnut and sloe.",,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
1098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1099,A single bulk soil sample was collected. No charred plant macrofossil remains were present.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1101,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1102,"Samples were taken from two Roman features, both of which showed signs of intense in situ burning. With the exception of charcoal, other plant macrofossils were entirely absent.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
1103,"Wheat grains were noted within all four samples, along with some legumes, hazelnut and sloe - possibly all from cremation material.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
1104,"Ten samples revealed cereal grains, chaff and seeds at a low to moderate density. Oat, barley and wheat (spelt and bread) grains were recorded. Rare spelt glume bases and bread wheat type rachis nodes were also present.",moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
1105,Seven bulk samples from LIA-ER contexts. Very little in the way of charred cereal remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,60
1106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1107,"One Early Roman ditch fill and two Mid Roman ditch fills contained  abundant CPR, including wheat cereal grains and glume bases (spelt), and charred weed seeds. Also barley and oats from late Roman waterhole.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
1108,"A total of 43 environmental samples were selected for assessment, almost half (21 samples) belonging to early/middle Roman features and 12 to late Roman contexts. Charred cereal grains were noted in 28 samples - most spelt wheat with some bread wheat and minor barley and oats. Charred cereal chaff was present in 23 flots.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
1109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1110,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
1114,"183 bulk soil samples taken, but very little recovery of plant remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,120
1115,"Nineteen bulk samples were taken from Roman deposits. The carbonized material is comprised of sparse cereal grains in addition to small amounts of charcoal, clinker and coal. Spelt wheat identified.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
1116,"Twelve bulk samples taken, which contained some charred cereal remains (spelt glume base identified).",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
1117,"Bulk samples were taken from four sections of the three features. All included charred cereal remains, partly or wholly derived from cereal processing waste. Spelt wheat dominates, though oats also present.",moderate,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
2001,"Samples from Mid to late IA date produced sparse but consistent cereal remains indicating cereal production/processing in vicinity. Dominated by barley and wheat grains with some chaff (esp. spelt). 5 samples from LR corndrier, mostly spelt chaff, used as fuel. Evidence for germinated grain - malting? Open country molluscs present",moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,450
2002,"Plentiful rich samples of CPR from LIA and RB contexts. LIA: emmer, spelt, barley and bread wheat with barley grains predominating. Crop processing carried out on site. In RB period increase in spelt and spelt chaff, possibly linked with growth in cereal production in ER period. Barley still common - a fodder crop. Possible RB hay meadows.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,,,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,-100,325
2003,"3 samples from RB features includes grains of spelt, emmer, bread wheat and barley, with unusual predominance of bread wheat. Flax and broad bean also found, suggesting crop rotation. Includes Neptune grass from coastal area.",minor,minor,moderate,,,minor,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2004,"Three samples assessed for CPR, dominated by cereal remains, particularly spelt. Chaff dominant (from processing). Indications of wet/boggy ground (fens) and drier grassland.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
2005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2006,"CPR remains mainly wheat cereals, with spelt most abundant, and minor amounts of bread wheat and emmer. Also pea/bean.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
2007,Sparse pollen data indicates oak and lime nearby. No CPR.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,80
2008,24 samples but no indication of economic activity. Mollusc assemblage suggests open grassland.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
2009,"Relatively large assemblage of CPR from samples, mostly from two features in the farmstead. Identifiable cereal is mostly spelt but also tiny amounts of emmer and bread wheat, plus barley. Large quantities of chaff as well as grain. Remains clearly derive from the final stages of crop-processing.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
2010,"Small assemblage of CPR, mostly comprising spelt and emmer. Mollusc evidence suggests mixture of dry and wet grassland in 4th C.",minor,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
2011,"Large CPR and WPR assemblage. CPR: Mostly  cereal chaff (8% grain). Spelt most common. . Some grain germinated - used for brewing? Many weed seeds, with indications of hay meadows. WPR samples from ponds/quarry pits, include aquatic/wetland species, and also a good representation of plants from disturbed, waste ground, hedgerow/shrub and grassland communities. Indications of wetter conditions in 4th C. Charcoal suggests hedgerows.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,150,400
2012,"3 soil samples analysed - heavily dominated by spelt wheat, mostly grain with little chaff.",moderate,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,150
2013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2014,"Pollen data from LIA pit indicated very open landscape, with indeterminate cereals.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,325
2015,"6 samples contained CPR, including from corndriers. Large amounts of spelt grain and chaff.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
2016,"10 bulk samples dominated by spelt wheat, but also barley, rye and bread wheat in very small quantities. Interpreted as spelt processing waste.",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,75
2017,"12 bulk samples, all showing CPR only. Quantities low but suggests spelt wheat and barley processed nearby",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,70
2018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2019,"27 soil samples in the two excavations, 14 of which produced modest CPR  - mostly cereal grain and some chaff - mostly spelt and possibly emmer, and barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
2020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2022,"No report, but mention of cereals, legumes and elder.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,60
2023,"28 samples & with except of charcoal, plant remains very rare - individual grains of oat and wheat & spelt glume base",minor,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
2024,"42 samples analysed from LIA/ER contexts. Plant remains scarce - cereals present in very small amounts (grain & chaff). Kiln samples were much richer with lots of cereal grain and especially chaff including barley, spelt, emmer & bread wheat. Also oats and a single grain of rye. Pollen evidence from LIA well suggests some early woodland and later clearance.",moderate,moderate,moderate,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
2025,"Paucity of large grain remains from samples. Wheat, barley and pea identified.",minor,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
2026,"19 samples from M-LIA settlement. Most CPR was chaff, mostly emmer, from grain processing. High number of weed seeds suggest grain stored in relatively unclean state - stored unthreshed.",minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
2027,"16 rich Roman samples analysed for CPR, including from corndrier (10 samples). Main crop indicated is spelt, with minor bread wheat, barley, rye and oat. Rich assemblage of spelt grains, chaff and detached coleoptiles from corndrier suggests it was used for malting. Emmer wheat also from inhumation grave in small quantity. Other CPR include cabbages, carrot and pea.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,250
2028,"Only occasional cereal grains noted in CPR samples. Chaff from emmer and spelt in higher quantities. Many weed seeds, suggesting cereals brought to site and stored in spikelet form. Possible evidence for peat burning. Relatively high quantity of barley grains suggesting localised cultivation of this salt tolerant crop.",minor,minor,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
2029,"Four analysed CPR samples produced cereal grains and chaff (chaff most common) - glume bases of spelt abundant. Main activity represented is spelt wheat processing - residues used as fuel. One sample from 2nd C AD corndrier had higher density of sprouted grains, suggesting malting. Also barley, oats and rye. Pollen evidence from LR waterhole suggests very open landscape dominated by pasture. Also consistent presence of spruce, which was thought not to have been present in Britain from the last Ice Ade to the medieval period.",abundant,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,370
2030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2031,"94 bulk samples collected from LIA-ER features, with emmer grains and chaff most common, then spelt and barley with very minor bread wheat, oats and flax. Most remains from crop processing waste.",moderate,abundant,minor,moderate,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
2032,"333 bulk samples taken, of which 53 went for full analysis. LIA samples contained few cereals and these mostly wheat, with emmer identified. LIA-ER phase is richest in plant remains with spelt now dominant, especially spelt glume bases. Indications of malting. Also Celtic bean and barley. In mid to late Roman period, emmer and barley virtually absent - nearly all glumes and grains of spelt. Also evidence for beetroot.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,400
2033,36 bulk samples taken and 6 analysed. Generally few remains with the only cereals coming from the house gullies. Only barley and bread wheat identified. Reasonably high quantities of both hazelnut fragments and sloe.,,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2034,"22 bulk samples assessed and 7 analysed (3 from Roman enclosure ditches and 1 from the waterhole/pond). Enclosure ditch samples were quite rich, especially in glume bases, with relatively little grain. Suggests most of it comes from dehusking in bulk of hulled wheat, predominately spelt.",abundant,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2035,"36 samples taken, 11  analysed from M-LIA phase and 3 from RB phase. Finds very similar though RB samples far richer in glume bases (associated with the dehusking of spelt wheat stored as generally semi-clean spikelets). Main cereal spelt though emmer also represented. Barley barely present in any phase. Iron Age samples also had finds of hazelnut, sloe and crab-apple.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
2036,"69 bulk samples and 28 sieved samples taken, most from M-LRB contexts. Grains and glumes of hulled wheat dominated nearly all the samples. Glumes generally far outnumbered grains. Spelt dominated. Germinated grains and coleoptiles recovered - malting?",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2037,"14 bulk samples with sparse remains -  charcoal and associated cereal grain may represent waste from local cooking/heating activities. Cereal remains comprised glume bases from hulled wheat, emmer or spelt, and occasional cereal grains of which only one could be identified as hulled wheat.",minor,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2038,"34 bulk samples taken. Most cereal remains were of hulled wheat, emmer and spelt of equal importance. Evidence for extensive land clearance in the M-LIA.",moderate,moderate,minor,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2040,"62 bulk samples taken, with abundant cereal remains. All except one sample were richer in glumes than grain. Spelt wheat dominant. Also Celtic bean and garden pea.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,300
2041,4 bulk samples taken from 1980 excavations. No cereal remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,60
2042,"A total of 254 samples analysed for CPR from all different phases. Dominated by plants of wet ground. Cereals not hugely abundant, but dominated by spelt, with small quantity of emmer in 2nd-3rd C phase. Also, barley, oats, flax and pulses (Celtic bean, pea and lentil). Lentil probably represents imported crop. Also fig seeds. Wild hedge fruits utilised.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,125,400
2043,"Ten samples from Roman features, mostly producing insubstantial assemblages. Three exceptions may represent domestic waste (cereal processing). Abundance of grain compared to chaff, but no indication given for type.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2045,"During excavation, 213 samples were taken for the recovery of charred plant macrofossils, 136 of these from phased contexts. Overall, spelt wheat grain and chaff dominated, followed by barley, though barley grains outnumbered (or were approximately equal in number to) spelt grains in some contexts. Limited evidence for bread wheat and oats and a small number of indeterminate pulses and one pea. Wild foods were minimally represented by nutshell fragments, some identifiable as hazelnut. Crop processing appears to have taken place at the site, and possible evidence of malting (germinated grain) was identified in 19 of the samples, including those within the ovens. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2046,"A total of eight charred flots, six waterlogged samples and one mineralised deposit were analysed. Cereal remains were relatively sparse - mostly spelt, with occasional emmer and bread wheat and barley. In all but one case glumes and grain were represented in fairly equal numbers. Also pea and Celtic bean. Insect evidence for open grassland and hay meadows.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,75,400
2047,"33 bulk samples taken, with well preserved CPR. High intensity in late Roman period, suggesting increase in crop processing. Increase in spelt wheat in LR period and also bread wheat appears from this time. Possible malting evidence in LR period too and for the cultivation of wetter ground along the fen edge.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
2048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2050,"Very low density of CPR, including spelt wheat and barley. Molluscs characteristic of open grassland.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,125
2051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2058,"Nine sample taken for plant remains, but no data as yet. The presence of numerous honey bees in the environmental samples may indicate that hives were present nearby.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2061,"105 bulk samples were assessed, 30 from the main excavation trenches. CPR consistently present at low densities, cereal remains higher in 4 samples. No evidence for any significant disposal of crop-processing waste. Crops represented included spelt, emmer, and barley.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,225
2062,"302 bulk samples. In RB contexts, moderate and well preserved charred plant remains dominated by spelt wheat chaff and also emmer, hulled six-row barley, bread wheat, flax, garden pea and Celtic bean. Relatively high proportion of barley in all phases. Rye occurs in 4th C contexts. The one rich context of linseed may be from oil making. The range of wild plant taxa  is consistent with arable land. There is evidence for distinct zones for different stages of crop-processing, but not as significant agricultural production and processing centre as nearby Langdale Hale. Wild plum and beat found in late Roman contexts - both Roman period introductions to Britain.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,400
2063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2066,"17 bulk samples, but plant macrofossils were exceedingly scarce. Cereal remains, comprising wheat grains and glume bases, were only recorded as single specimens within three of the Late Iron Age/Romano-British samples.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
2067,Four samples were collected by hand from a range of contexts during the course of excavation. Includes minimal spelt and bread wheat.,minor,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
2068,"Sixteen samples taken, some showing evidence for crop processing - both wet/clay and drier sandier soils exploited. The surrounding environment, including the arable fields, were damp with an apparently high water-table.",moderate,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
2069,A burnt deposit sealed beneath collapsed building material in the villa building contained considerable amounts of processed spelt wheat and grains of emmer and barley - part of a grain store?,moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
2070,"Nineteen samples were selected for pollen assessment, but phases not provided in report. Pollen evidence indicates that open herbaceous grassland environments were dominant, although some mixed woodlands/woodland stands were present but not extensive. There is ample evidence from the pollen that indicate damp and/or wet ground. The open landscape appears to have been farmed via grazing and cereal production of oat and barley (NB - probably relates to IA only).",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
2071,"99 samples assessed (29 from IA and 70 from RB contexts). Roman samples were rich in charred plant remains - dominated by chaff elements, in particular glume bases and rachis fragments along with cereal grains and occasional weed seeds. Charred cereal assemblage is comprised of a moderate density of wheat grains of which spelt predominates. Several of the samples contained detached embryos and cereal sprouts although very few sprouted grains were noted. This could be interpreted as evidence of malting and the production of beer.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
2072,"42 samples processed, and charred material comprised charcoal, cereal grain, chaff and grass seed. Samples from 3rd C 'midden' indicated that it was in fact the result of repeated large scale crop processing in that area over a long period of time. Spelt wheat grains and chaff by far the most common, but also minor barley and emmer, probably as contaminants. Also Field pea. Pollen evidence indicates very open rough grassland. Spruce pollen also found.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
2073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2074,"One Roman sample contained a good charred assemblage containing moderate amounts of spelt and barley grains, with minor emmer and bread wheat. Also chaff and spelt glume bases. High % of crop weeds. Supposed horticultural area on site, but no indications from charred remains.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,300
2075,A total of 291 bulk samples were taken. Crop plants identified from Iron Age and Roman deposits are mainly spelt wheat and barley with the majority of the assemblages representing a background scatter of small amounts of charred grain and weed seeds that have spread across the site. Small legumes including fragments of peas and beans are identified and tentative identification has been made of lentil.,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
2076,"Limited and poorly preserved plant remains, with very small quantities of spelt, emmer and barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
2077,"15 samples taken, with quantities of charred cereal grain (wheat, barley, oats) but no chaff. Molluscs suggest open environment.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
2078,"28 bulk samples taken, with a very low quantity of charred material. No indication of cereals, but there was a quantity of possible burnt hay.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,175,400
2079,"21 samples, which generally contained few plant remains. Both spelt and emmer identified, along with barley",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
2080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2082,"14 bulk samples taken from both stages of evaluation. Charred plant remains included hulled wheat grain and chaff, providing some limited indication that cereal processing took place on the site during the Romano-British period, including free threshing wheat.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
2083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2084,"62 bulk samples taken, cereals present in about half - mainly grain, but with some chaff. Also possible grape pip.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
2085,Thirteen bulk samples were taken from across the evaluated area. Half of the samples contain low quantities of cereal grains and two of these samples also contain chaff in the form of Spelt glume bases. Many of the cereal grains  have been tentatively identified as Spelt grains.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
2086,"Five bulk samples. Charred plant remains assemblage is dominated by chaff, predominantly in the form of Spelt glume bases. Cereal grains are present in all of the samples (spelt identified) and represent both discrete possibly deliberately burnt deposits and general scattering of grain preserved by accidental burning. The seed assemblage is consistent with arable farming and the presence of stinking mayweed indicates that heavy clay soils were being cultivated.",moderate,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
2087,"Four samples taken from LIA-ER features, with charred cereal grains predominating.",moderate,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
2088,"Three bulk samples taken, with a large quantity of charred plant remains recovered from one ditch.  The cereal remains included grain fragments of emmer and spelt and barley, and glume fragments of hulled wheat. Nothing to indicate a high status site.",moderate,moderate,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2089,"A bulk sample taken from the kiln produced grasses, rushes and sedges, and a single grain of barley and a glume base of hulled wheat.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
2090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2091,"Three bulk samples taken. One context contains a quantity of well-preserved charred cereal and fenland plant remains and two separate sources of plant material may be represented. The major cereal at the site is spelt wheat with a little barley. From the weed taxa cereal cultivation seems to have been upon the nearby chalk downland. The molluscan assemblage indicates an open and dry, probably grassland local environment although some localised flooding occurred within the ditch features.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,125
2092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2093,"10 bulk samples, some of which contained limited domestic waste including chaff (emmer/spelt) indicating that crop processing was taking place on site.",minor,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
2094,"92 samples, most rich in charred spelt wheat chaff (though lower in early Roman phase), with moderate amounts of grain and weed seeds. Significant crop processing was occurring, especially in mid to late Roman phases (later 2nd C +). Barley is significant in early Roman period, and a minor crop thereafter. Also minor flax, hazelnut, Celtic bean and pea.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
2095,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2097,"On sample from a pit contained a very large crop-processing assemblage - a mixture of crops, including hulled barley, free-threshing hexaploid wheat and spelt, suggesting that these crops were being cleaned and consumed on site.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,60,180
2098,"Samples from one Iron Age ditch fill and two Roman ditch fills were examined. Very low amounts of charred plant macro-remains are present in all three contexts, with a few indeterminate wheat grains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,120
2099,"13 samples from Roman features, producing relatively few carbonised remains - just a few barley and wheat grains. There were waterlogged remains from a well including plum, sloe and cherry stones",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
2100,"No data, except system of bedding trenches suggested as evidence for horticulture.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,,
2101,"Charred barley and wheat grains were recorded at an extremely low density within four assemblages. Wheat glume bases were noted in two samples. The waterlogged assemblage from the primary fill of a Roman ditch would appear to indicate that the ditch was situated in an area of damp, rough grassland and was possibly poorly maintained.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,225
2102,"Ten bulk samples. Arable crop and weed remains are common, probably indicating that crop processing was occurring on the site. Remains of hedge and scrub vegetation was also common in early to mid Roman period. During the later Romano-British phases arable crops and weeds were again predominate, but there were very few traces of hedge and scrub remains, suggesting an open grassland environment.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,250
2103,"Large scale sampling, with 46 containing reasonable densities of plant remains. Cereal, chaff and weed seeds present in most samples. Wheat grains most common, but barley and oats also noted. Spelt wheat glume bases most common chaff element.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
2104,Twenty-five bulk samples were taken from across the evaluation and excavated phases. Charred cereal grains (wheat) occur in four of the samples in quantities of less than five specimens in each.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
2105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2106,Eight samples taken. Charred cereal grains (spelt grains with trace of emmer) were present in the primary fills of some features suggesting that crop processing was being carried out at the site before the construction of the palisade ditch and its associated features. Also spelt glume bases.,moderate,minor,,,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2107,9 samples taken from 8 ditches in the main Roman settlement area (Area C). Some charred seeds but no analysis undertaken.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,325
2108,A total of nine samples were floated for the extraction of carbonised plant remains. Negligible results.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,300
2109,"One sample taken from a M-LIA pit, pre-dating the villa. The most common from was wheat glume bases including emmer and spelt wheat. Only 27 cereal grains were identified, including emmer and spelt wheat and also one example of bread wheat. A number of sprouting embryos of wheat were found.  Also grains of possible oats.",moderate,moderate,minor,,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2110,"The charred assemblage is dominated by cereal remains, which are primarily of wheat (especially spelt) with much lesser amounts of barley. The abundant cereal chaff comprises mainly spelt wheat glume. The assemblage is essentially an artefact of the later stages of spelt wheat processing - more evidence for grain storage and flour production than there is for actual consumption. Evidence for increased cultivation of wet clay soils in 3rd C AD. Waterlogged plant remains and pollen indicate open pastureland, with little evidence of trees and shrubs growing in the immediate area.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,400
2111,"Nine bulk samples from Roman features. Charred cereal grains, predominantly of spelt wheat, are present throughout and all assemblages. It is most likely that the majority of the assemblages are derived from scattered hearth waste and other detritus, much of which was probably accidentally incorporated within the feature fills. Also single charred grape pip.",moderate,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
2112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2114,15 samples assessed. Cereals were limited to two possible spelt grains. A single pea was also identified.,minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
2115,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2116,"147 samples from MIA to 1st C AD contexts. Oat, barley and especially wheat most common, though all in low quantities. Of the closely identifiable wheat grains, most were spelt, and although chaff was very rare, spelt glume bases were also recorded from thirteen assemblages. A single possible emmer glume base was noted.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2117,"A total of 115 samples from LIA, 195 from ER and 13 from LR phases. Extensive evidence for cereal processing in LIA and ER phases, but no indication of cereal type except wheat and some barley.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
2118,"Evidence for the production, processing and consumption of cereals was relatively sparse, but charred grains of wheat, barley and oats were found in deposits of all periods, though spelt predominates. Bread wheat and rye in 3rd C AD samples. Cereal chaff present in small quantities, and germinated wheat grains were recovered from several deposits, possibly attesting to the malting of grain for brewing. Also Celtic bean, Limited pollen evidence points to a largely open landscape dominated by grassland.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
2119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2120,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2121,"15 samples, including from corndrier/malting oven. Oat, barley, rye and wheat grains were recorded, with wheat being predominant (especially spelt where identified, but also bread wheat). Spelt glume bases were also common or abundant. Although detached cereal embryos and sprout fragments are recorded, the density is very low, so malting is unlikely. The presence of a small number of whole spelt spikelets may indicate that the corndrier was used for parching grain prior to threshing",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2122,"Two samples from the early Roman midden, with moderate to high density of cereal and chaff present, mainly spelt and possibly emmer (thought to have been brought here for processing from higher better drained areas). Also barley and oats (including cultivated variety). Presence of detached cereal embryos and 'sprout' fragments suggest possible spelt malting.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
2123,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2124,Limited samples from the flue produced a quantity of plant remains including barley and wheat.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,350,400
2125,"Seven samples from LIA/RB features, all fairly sparse with exception of one LIA ditch which contained free threshing wheat grains as well as oats and barley.",,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2126,"Twelve Roman features were sampled (including kilns and fen causeway ditches). In general the samples show evidence for the cultivation and processing of spelt wheat and hulled barley, and also for an increasingly damp cultivated environment. Celtic bean also cultivated.",moderate,minor,,moderate,minor,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
2127,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2128,Ten bulk soil samples taken. Charred remains mostly comprise cereal grains and chaff. Wheat grain/chaff was spelt where identified except small amounts of free-threshing wheat in 2nd/3rd C AD sample.,moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
2129,"19 samples from grave fills. Within nearly all of the cremation burials the presence of carbonised cereal grains (wheat, barley and oats) and crop weed species is thought to have indicated cereal grain offerings, perhaps ones thrown into funeral pyre, or else carefully burnt then included within the urned ashes. The combination of cereal and wild plant species suggests that this site lay on the edge of open fields, perhaps on the very margins of the settlement within an area consisting of isolated trees or hedgerows yet devoid of woodland.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
2130,"Ten bulk soil samples from Romano-British areas, and all the features  clearly indicate that spelt wheat was the dominant, if not the only, cereal crop used on site. The chaff surrounding the grains was removed, charred and then discarded.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
2131,LIA/ER pits contained spelt grains and glume bases as well as barley - typical cereal processing waste. No evidence from excavation as yet.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,70
2132,"Samples from one LIA and 8 RB features - produced CPR and WPR, reflecting a scatter of crop processing and consumption debris. One pit produced very rich assemblage in spelt wheat glume bases. Also imported cotton thistle.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,1,325
2133,A single sample from a ditch contained a very small amount of free-threshing wheat chaff. Molluscs indicate areas of damp shade.,,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,70
2134,"Four bulk samples from late Roman ditches, with grains of spelt and possibly emmer, along with barley. These appear to have been stored and processed on site.The range of grassland plants is suggestive of hay meadows.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,200,325
2135,"Two samples from LIA-Roman features, including a spelt glume base, one grass seed and a possible lentil. Lentils are not usually found before the Roman period.",minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
2136,"Four samples, three very rich in charred remains - mostly spelt processing waste.",abundant,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
2137,Three samples from Roman features. Very limited plant remains.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
2138,"Two samples, one from the corndrier. Wheat grains were abundant in both samples, with spelt dominant (Complete spelt spikelets were noted). Malting waste is present in the form of a high density of cereal sprout fragments from the oven.  Chaff (especially spelt) was present in both assemblages. Barley  grains were also common, and sprouted grains were noted",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
2139,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2140,The outer ditches of the domestic enclosure contained rich organic remains in waterlogged fills indicating that the ditches are likely to have held standing water along a hedge line: they also contained charred bread wheat grains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2141,"Sixteen samples were analysed for charred plant remains. The majority of cereal crops were of the glume wheats, especially spelt wheat (grains, glume bases and rachis fragments), but in general a lack of evidence for crop processing on site. The majority of the spelt grain was found in one sample,  which appeared to have sprouted - evidence for malting? The majority of the non-cultivated plant species were indicative of an arable or disturbed environment and of wetland.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
2142,"Twenty-six samples were examined. Oat, barley, rye  and wheat  grains were recorded, with wheat (especially spelt) being predominant. Wheat chaff, including emmer and spelt glume bases and bread wheat  type rachis nodes, was present/common in fourteen samples. Wheat chaff, grains and cereal sprout fragments are especially common in one ditch sample, possibly indicating that this material is derived from a small deposit of malting waste.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,250
2143,no data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
2144,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2145,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2146,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2147,"No report on plant remains but a report on the insects from the canal sediments noted serious insect pests of stored grain -  It is possible that their presence indicates the large scale storage of de-husked grain, possibly destined for military supply.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
2148,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2149,"Twenty-eight bulk samples were taken - WPR and CPR. Dominated by cereal grains, chaff elements and occasional weed seeds - typical of a background scatter of domestic refuse in the Roman period. Spelt and emmer identified. Pollen analyses  from LR pit show a post-clearance landscape of grassland and meadows, with arable activity.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
2150,"Five samples were taken from Roman pits and ditches. Cereal grains/chaff and seeds of common weeds and wetland plants were noted at low to moderate densities in all but one sample. Spelt wheat glume bases were common in one sample, but otherwise chaff elements were rare.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2151,"Charred remains of spelt and emmer wheat, barley and hazelnut as well as arable weeds were present in the Roman ditch indicting the cultivation and processing of crops characteristic of the Iron Age and Roman periods as well as the possible collection of wild resources.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
2152,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2153,"Charred plant remains were found to be abundant in three of the six samples processed. Chaff remains and the seeds of wild plants were present, along with cereal grain - typical of 'cleanings' from the later stages of glume wheat crop processing. The crop types identified were barley, spelt wheat, oats and possible lentil.",moderate,,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
2154,"Three samples analysed from LIA features. The crop types recovered in these samples were barley, spelt wheat and a cultivated vetch-like pulse.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2155,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2156,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2157,Two samples from LIA-early Roman features. No CPR remains of any note but molluscs suggest open grassland.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
2158,"51 bulk soil samples were taken from 2012 evaluation. Wheat appears to be the most common cereal, and it is likely that the majority of this was spelt wheat, though bread wheat also noted.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,325
2159,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2160,"Environmental samples were taken from a possible Romano-British gully and cremation burial, which included a single cereal grain.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
2161,"15 samples taken from Roman features,, including WPR from the well. Major crop type present is emmer, with some barley, flax and bread wheat. This is unusual in such a context where spelt is normally dominant. It represents processing waste.",,moderate,minor,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2162,"Five samples from Roman features, with only one being botanically rich. Mainly spelt wheat chaff recovered. Also Celtic bean. Pollen evidence suggests increase in arable cultivation in Roman period compared to previous Iron Age, probably cultivating heavy soils (also suggested by wild plant taxa).",moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,400
2163,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2164,"Pollen samples from the pond, giving a clear indication of a grassland/pasture habitat with nearby cultivation.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
2165,Samples from LIA-ER contexts included moderate quantities of spelt wheat and barley grain with occasional chaff,moderate,minor,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,75
2166,"Two samples, but very poor preservation.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
2167,"Six samples taken. Cereal grains and/or seeds of common weed plants were present at a low density within all but one sample. Oat, barley and wheat (spelt and bread) grains were recorded, with wheat occurring most frequently. Rare fragments of wheat chaff.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
2168,"Almost complete lack of charred plant remains from the samples suggests that the site lies away from any settlement areas. The molluscan assemblage was relatively uniform for the later Iron Age and Romano-British contexts, suggesting a landscape primarily of short turfed open grassland, possibly with some shaded/overgrown areas.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
2169,Nine bulk samples were taken. Most of the samples contain low densities of charred grains predominantly wheat (spelt and bread) and barley. The lack of crop-processing waste would suggest that the cereals were not being processed in the immediate vicinity.,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,125
2170,"Five bulk soil samples processed  - Barley, spelt and possibly emmer were processed and eaten.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
2171,"Five samples. Cereals were present in many of the smaller ditches, as was evidence for the processing of sedges and flax. Environmental evidence recovered from these main boundaries was dominated by dry grassland indicators.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
2172,"Two samples, both from late Iron Age ditch fills, were processed. There is no evidence from the samples examined for the presence of charred plant remains in any quantity on the site.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2173,"Thirteen bulk samples were submitted for analysis. Low levels of cereal grains indicate that there was arable activity in the near vicinity. The environmental remains suggest an area that was periodically wet. Linear bedding trenches thought to relate to horticultural crops, though no evidence in plant remains.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,125
2174,"Three samples analysed with low numbers of charred grains. The kiln sample was dominated by cereal grains, most of free-threshing type, spelt and indeterminate wheat. Chaff present in lower quantities, and overall interpretation is that cereals seem to have been brought in for final processing prior to drying, storage or consumption.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,140
2175,"Environmental evidence indicates the area to be open grassland, also evidence or arable nearby, with bread wheat and barley both being grown and processed.",,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
2176,"A total of nine samples from LIA/ER and LR contexts. Wheat, barley and oat were all present in the earlier samples, with wheat being numerically dominant. These were mostly glume wheats, with some free-threshing type grains. The glume bases which could be positively identified were of spelt. Glume bases and spikelet forks were quite common. Also remains of large legumes, possibly pea. The three samples from LR contexts produced a lower density of material comparable in nature to the earlier assemblage although with the addition of a single rye grain.",abundant,,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
2177,No data for specifically Roman samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2178,"A total of 39 sample were submitted for assessment.  Grains, chaff and seeds of common weeds were present at a low to moderate density. Wheat grains and chaff were relatively common, especially spelt glume bases. Molluscs indicate open grassland.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,375
2179,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2180,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2181,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2182,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2183,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2184,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
2185,"A total of 34 bulk soil samples were taken. Cereals, chaff and seeds of common weeds are present at a low to moderate density, including from the pottery kilns. Oat, barley and wheat grains are present, spelt wheat grains being most common. Spelt glume bases are present within many assemblages. It is suggested that the kilns were occasionally used for purposes other than the production of pottery, namely the parching or drying of small batches of processed grain or even culinary preparation.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
2186,"Three bulk samples were taken from Roman features. A single pit contain significant quantities of free-threshing wheat grain, along with some barley and oat.",,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
2187,"Samples from latest Iron Age contexts include a background scatter of charred cereals (spelt chaff and grains identified) and charcoal. One pit contained heather and another a single pea. Samples from later 1st-2nd C AD contexts produced barley and wheat grains and chaff (spelt identified) and a single pea. One deposit from a pit contained greater quantities of cereal wheat grains and chaff including detached embryos and sprouts indicating some germination, but it is suggested as spoilt grain. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
2188,"Two bulk samples were taken from an early Roman ditch. Wheat grains were identified, along with spelt glume bases and peas.",moderate,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
2189,"Five bulk samples were taken and charred cereal grains were present in two of the samples, along with and chaff elements of glume bases, spikelet bases and rachis fragments. Spelt glume bases have been identified in both samples and emmer glume bases are tentatively identified in one sample. The presence of chaff elements indicates that crop processing took place on site.",moderate,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
2190,"Three samples from Romano-British ditches were processed, with a low density of charred plant remains. Of the four cereal grains from these samples, three were of free threshing wheat and one was barley.",,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
2191,Five bulk samples were taken during the excavation but all were devoid of plant remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,20,400
2192,Seven soil samples were assessed. Cereal grains were wheat and barley.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,150
2193,"A total of 56 samples taken from the evaluations. Charred cereals occurred in low quantities in 17 samples, with both barley and wheat identified, along with legumes. An exception comprised a large quantity of crop processing waste lying within the pond feature in the northernmost agricultural working zone. It comprised grain and chaff of spelt and seed deposits.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
2194,"A rich Iron Age to Early Roman assemblage of 17 samples with numerous charred plant macrofossils ? mostly spelt wheat grain, chaff and likely arable weeds (linked to spelt wheat processing). The early Roman samples are more chaff-dominated and also include slight evidence for flax. Also cotton thistle, an imported economic plant with culinary properties similar to globe artichokes. Also several charred wild seeds  (from early Roman contexts) consistent with hay and hazel nutshell. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,minor,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,-100,200
3001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3002,"Limited cereal remains, but bread wheat dominant, especially within LIA-ER samples.",minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
3003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3008,Fifteen bulk samples were collected but no analysis.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,200
3009,Mollusc samples indicate local persistence of woodland in LIA-ER.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
3010,"The 14 samples from LIA/RB contexts produced small amounts of grains and chaff of spelt and occasional weed seeds. Mollusc shells were fairly consistently present, with a mixture of open country and shade taxa.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
3011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3014,"Charred plant remains include bread wheat, emmer and spelt, with spelt being the less common. Also minor oats and barley. The mollusc evidence suggests shaded habitats with scrub and thick herbage - evidence for hedgerows and perhaps nearby woodland, along with open grassland.",minor,moderate,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,20,350
3015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3016,One sample assessed from the ditch producing a single carbonised grain of cereal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,120
3017,"20 samples taken, with charred remains abundant in LIA oven. Spelt wheat principal cereal, but bread wheat present in LAI/early Roman period. Also evidence for cultivation of rye in early Roman period and oats in the LIA. Most samples represent small scale cleaning and processing waste.",moderate,,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
3018,"Two samples produced cereal grains of barley and wheat, but very low.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
3019,Two samples produced a small number of cereal grains - oat and wheat. High density of mollusc shells indicate open grassland on the periphery of the Roman town.,,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,350
3020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3024,"Samples taken from deposits within an early 1st C AD building, and contained carbonised cereal grains - emmer or spelt wheat, bread wheat, barley and oats.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
3025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3026,"16 bulk samples assessed with cereal grains/chaff present in low to moderate density. Wheat predominant, with barley and oats also found. Spelt wheat glume bases common.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
3027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3029,"Five samples assessed from the 'T-'shaped kilns produced  virtually no cereal remains. A pit fill and a kiln stoke-hole produced cereal remains associated with spelt processing, and the densest cereal deposit came from a layer with very abundant chaff.  Also spelt and barley from samples in later excavations. Molluscs indicate open habitat.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
3030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3032,"Samples from LIA pit and 4th C corndrier. LIA pit assemblage produced almost entirely barley grains, whereas the 4th century corndrier produced spelt and emmer wheat grains and a little chaff. Possible evidence for malting.",moderate,moderate,,abundant,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
3033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3035,"A total of 57 soil samples were assessed, mostly with very low density of CPR, though a few 2nd-3rd C pits contained higher quantities - spelt wheat, bread wheat (from 2nd C onwards), barley and oats. Chaff also recovered indicating some processing waste, though very limited, suggesting most crops may have been imported. Also a few uncharred fig and grape pips and cultivated pea. Mollusc evidence suggests woodland with localised cleared areas.",moderate,,moderate,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
3036,"Limited sampling of 1st-2nd C well and 4th C corndrier produced remains of spelt, with traces of barley and bread wheat. The late Roman corndrier was abundant with spelt chaff - spelt was processed on a large scale.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,370
3037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3043,"29 samples from LIA and Roman deposits. Three samples contained very good charred plant assemblages, with well-preserved and abundant cereal chaff, and abundant grain and weed seed - spelt and barley.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
3044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3048,"Twenty bulk samples taken, indicating open cultivated landscape from 2nd to late 4th C. Very low concentrations of oat, wheat (undifferentiated) and barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
3049,"A total of 39 samples were collected. Charred cereal grains are found throughout the samples - wheats, barley and oats, along with pulses. Minimal chaff. Identification of mineralised remains in cess material. Mineralised peas and beans are present in many samples, and fruit pips, including plum, apple/pear, blackberry, grape and elder berry are present.",minor,minor,,minor,abundant,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
3050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3054,"Seven samples analysed from Site 9, 4 LIA-ER and 3 M-LR. The assemblages appear to primarily comprise charred crop-processing by-products. Spelt main product, but also cultivated/wild oat an barley.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
3055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3069,Three samples with low density of cereal grains (including barley and wheat) and weed seeds.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
3070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3072,"Four bulk soil samples were taken but minimal remains - unidentifiable cereal grains, spelt glume bases, and a few seeds of the fabaceae (pea) family.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
3073,Five bulk samples were taken. Charred plant remains were present in small numbers in three samples. Cereal grain was identified in two of these including a grain of spelt wheat which had germinated. Mollusc evidence indicate open grassland.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
3074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3076,"The small assemblages of carbonised plant remains are appropriate for a site of Iron Age or Roman date, with the use of spelt wheat. The weed stinking mayweed is characteristic of heavy calcareous soils such as Boulder Clay.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
3077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3078,17 bulk samples but no analysis or results in assessment report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
3079,Crop processing debris - spelt wheat.,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
3080,"49 bulk samples taken. Dominated by wheat grains and spelt glume bases, along with some barley and oats. Waterlogged and pollen remains indicate waste open ground.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,55
3081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
3083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4001,"Six LIA and 43 Roman samples. All consistently linked to cultivation of barley and spelt wheat. Occasional grains and chaff of rye in early Roman samples. Late Roman samples less rich, but included mineralised remains of coriander.",moderate,,minor,moderate,minor,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
4002,"Four samples from Roman contexts, with high concentrations of grain and chaff from a waterhole - spelt wheat and barley, with some rye and oats.",moderate,,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
4003,Two samples from late Roman corndrier included very little CPR.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
4004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4006,"Sixty eight samples taken, but mostly a low density of cereal remains and no evidence for large scale processing. Spelt wheat predominant crop and also barley. Rye in late Roman contexts.",moderate,,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,425
4007,"Four samples from wells, corndrier and roundhouse gullies indicated that spelt was main crop and that malting occurred on site (sprouted grains). Traces of emmer, barley and oats. Predominance of chaff  indicating cereal processing on site.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
4008,"17 samples from Roman features with mostly very sparse amounts of cereal remains, except late Roman ditches and pits, where there is evidence for crop processing, mainly spelt, but also emmer, bread wheat and barley along with oats and flax.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
4009,One sample from a Roman pit produced sparse remains including spelt wheat.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
4010,"Six samples taken from LIA-RB features, with cereals noted at very low densities - oat and barley, along with spelt glume bases.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,75
4011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4012,"22 samples collected with cereal grains and chaff noted in low densities - oat, barley, rye and wheat. Spelt wheat glume bases.",minor,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
4013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4016,"Relatively scarce charred plant remains and nothing to suggest processing on site. Cereal grains comprise spelt, emmer, barley and oats. Mollusc remains suggest open environment.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,70
4017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4019,"Four samples containing charred cereal remains - spelt, barley and oats.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
4020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4025,The only CPR identified was barley.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
4026,"Pollen samples indicate extensive open ground, but with some oak and willow. No cereal remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
4027,Limited sampling produced evidence for spelt and barley grains. No evidence for processing.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
4028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4030,"Small quantities of CPR remains with evidence for  spelt, bread wheat, barley and oats. Also grape, blackberry, sloe, bullace and walnut. Many of the grains were very severely puffed and distorted, probably as a result of combustion at very high temperatures - i.e. used as fuel. Supposed evidence for malting, though details lacking.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,300
4031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4032,"A total of 22 samples were collected (5 from IA, 2 from RB contexts). Cereal grains and seeds were rare - oats, barley and wheat.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
4033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4034,A total of eight samples taken but no report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,300
4035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4036,"The plant remains were dominated by the grains of crop plants, namely cereals (barley, spelt wheat and oats) along with a few legumes (pea).",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,400
4037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4038,Charred plant remains from the drying oven - probably representing fuel. Most of the grains were oats with some wheat grains.  Low densities of chaff and weed seeds mean that it is unclear whether they derive from crop processing activities.,,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,230
4039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4041,"A total of 43 samples analysed. Cereal grains and/or chaff recovered from nearly all - oat, barley, rye and wheat predominant, with spelt glume bases noted frequently. Sprouted grains noted in four samples. Also evidence for pea and bean. Evidence that cereal processing waste and grasses used for kindling in the kilns",moderate,,,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
4042,"Sixteen bulk samples taken from oven and surrounding ditches - very few charred plant remains, but includes  small amounts of spelt and bread wheat and barley. Pollen evidence indicates that alder carr woodland dominated prior to construction of the saltern, with a subsequent thinning out, possibly with managed (coppiced) woodland (for fuel). Increased wetland towards end of site's use.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
4043,"Oat, barley, rye and wheat (spelt where identified) grains were recorded and spelt glume bases were common or abundant in six samples. A single poorly preserved emmer glume base was noted in one sample  and bread wheat type rachis nodes were recovered from two samples. Some samples apparently derived from a mixture of cereal processing and malting/storage waste. Pollen evidence indicated the proximity of pasture and heathland to the site.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
4044,"A total of 68 samples were submitted for assessment. Oat, barley and wheat grains are present, with wheat occurring most frequently. Cereal chaff is very scarce, but spelt wheat type glume bases were recorded from thirteen samples. Indications that cereal processing waste was being used as kindling or fuel.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,350
4045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4047,Two 10 litre samples were taken from the fills of kiln - abundant charcoal and charred seeds (no species given).,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
4048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4054,Small quantities of charred plant remains recovered. Includes some spelt and barley.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,75
4055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4057,"Barley (the most salt-tolerant cereal) was the predominant cereal type identified. Also present at the site were spelt and emmer wheat, oats, and pulses and peas. Evidence that marginal soils (including heavy damp clays and wet grasslands) were being cultivated for cereal production.",minor,minor,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
4058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4063,A few cereal grains found in one of the kilns.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,160,225
4064,"Assemblage of CPR from the oven contained grains and chaff of spelt wheat, with some emmer and barley. Some grains had sprouted - possibly part of the malting process. Further samples from the well contained spelt, emmer, bread wheat and barley. Molluscs indicate open grassland and wetland.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,300
4065,"Samples from the kilns included charred cereal remains - oats, wheat (mainly spelt grains and chaff, along with emmer and bread wheat), and flax. These formed a significant part of the kiln fuel.",moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,170
4066,"Samples from kilns included much cereal remains - mainly chaff with some grains. Spelt most common, with lesser bread wheat, barley and oats. Used as a fuel source.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
4067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4070,Sparse charred cereal (wheat) remains in the field ditch.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
4071,"Charred plant remains includes cereals, especially wheat (probably spelt wheat). Mollusc evidence reveals open grassland and extensive wetland.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
4072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4073,A single sample of the fill of the pit with the dog burial - the assemblage contained a small number of cereal grains including barley  and wheat  and a range of vegetal weed seeds.,minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
4074,"Two samples are from features of probable Romano-British date, a pit and kiln. The pit assemblage contained a low to moderate density of spelt wheat chaff and a number of brome fruits. The kiln assemblage is very sparse, possibly suggesting that the feature had been cleaned after its final use.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
4075,"Seven samples contained a moderate density of cereal grains in addition to chaff and weed seeds, and it would appear most likely that all are derived from scattered hearth or midden waste.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
4076,"Poorly preserved cereal grains, including a single possible specimen of wheat, were recorded along with a single indeterminate culm node and fragments of heather.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
4077,"A total of 13 samples were assessed from across the excavated area. Cereal grains/chaff and seeds of common weeds were recorded at low to moderate densities in all but two samples. Oat, barley and wheat (spelt where identified) grains were recorded, with wheat being predominant. Spelt glume bases were common. Some of the grains may be residual from the final use of the corndrier for cereal drying. Pollen evidence indicates an open landscape.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,425
4078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4080,"Six samples assessed including from the corndrier. Cereal grains/chaff present in low densities in most samples. Wheat predominant, followed by barley. All identified wheat was spelt. Also a single cotyledon fragment of pea/bean.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
4081,"A total of 395 samples taken from the settlement. Varying levels of plant remains but some very abundant. Main crop was spelt and included many sprouted grains suggesting malting. Chaff probably used as fuel. Also some probable emmer, barley and oats. Identification of grape pollen indicates viticulture (vineyard). Also hemp, hazel nut shell, wild celery and elder seeds.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
4082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4085,A single grain or emmer or spelt recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,225
4086,"12 samples taken, but plant remains were sparse suggesting crop processing was not taking place on site.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
4087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
4091,"A sample from an early/mid Roman ditch contained a small charred plant assemblage, including cereal remains (grain & chaff). Dominated by barley (grains and rachis nodes) with one possible wheat grain. Also hazel nut shell.",minor,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
4092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5001,"120 bulk samples taken, with typical small town assemblage of wheat and barley, with spelt wheat major cultivated cereal. Chaff occurs in relatively few samples - part processed crops imported from hinterland and then final stage of processing occurs in town. Sprouted grain and detached embryos in early to middle Roman contexts may be evidence of malting.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
5002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5004,"Samples taken from the cremation burials. With the exception of charcoal fragments, plant macrofossils were very rare. Possible fragmentary onion-couch tubers and pieces of oak were recorded from fills within the cremation vessel.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
5005,"Six samples for the retrieval of the plant macrofossil assemblages were taken during the Watching Brief. Barley and wheat grains were recorded, with wheat occurring most frequently. Wheat chaff, including spelt wheat glume bases, was especially abundant within two assemblages, derived from charred cereal processing waste. Detached cereal sprout fragments were also present, and one sample  contained a single cotyledon fragment of an indeterminate large pulse. Open country species of mollusc most abundant.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
5006,"Although charcoal fragments are relatively common, charred plant remains are rare, though wheat chaff is particularly abundant from the pottery kiln, probably used as fuel.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
5007,"A total of 48 samples from near the vicinity of the Roman buildings. Cereal grain/chaff present at varying densities in all samples - spelt wheat most commonly identified, but also bread wheat and very rare examples of emmer, along with barley, oats and rye. Sprouted barley and wheat grains were quite numerous - evidence for malting.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
5008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5010,"Samples for the retrieval of the plant macrofossil assemblages were taken from two fills in a late Roman ditch. Cereal grains, chaff and seeds of common weeds were present at a low to moderate density. Typical hearth waste from domestic contexts.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
5011,"A total of six samples were submitted for assessment. Small charcoal/charred wood fragments were present throughout, but other plant macrofossils were extremely scarce.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
5012,"Three samples taken. Low quantities of cereals, chaff and segetal weeds seeds recorded. Some material may be derived from cereal processing waste or hearth debris.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
5013,"Twelve samples. Plant macrofossils were exceedingly scarce. Barley and wheat grains were noted along with three spelt wheat glume bases and a single large fragment of hazel  nutshell. Open country mollusc species indicative of dry, short-turfed grassland conditions were predominant.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
5014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5015,"Twelve samples were submitted for assessment from excavation. Cereal grains/chaff and seeds of common segetal weeds were recorded, mostly at low to moderate densities. Represents charred agricultural or domestic refuse which appear to be derived from cereal processing or storage waste. Open country mollusc species occurred most frequently. Samples from evaluation comprised a high density of wheat grains of which spelt  predominates. Also bread wheat, barley and pea. Within the main excavation, sequential samples taken from a large quarry pit - primarily composed of cereal processing waste. Detached sprouts are recorded within all samples - possible deliberate germination of cereals prior to malting?",moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
5016,"Cereal remains and weed seeds were very rare in most cases, occurring at a low density. The exception was from the pottery kilns, which contained a moderate to high density of wheat chaff, and are almost certainly indicative of the use of cereal processing waste as kindling or fuel.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
5017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5018,Twelve samples produced only wood charcoal and two cereal grains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
5019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5021,Charred plant remains recovered from enclosure ditches - barley and some wheat (spelt or emmer). Molluscs indicate an open landscape.,minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
5022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5031,A single bulk sample was taken from a 4th C AD burnt layer. Relatively little charred plant material other than wood charcoal was recovered. Most of the remains were fragments of hazelnut shell and two cotyledons of pea/bean were also found. No cereal remains.,,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
5032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5033,"Two samples taken from the interior of the kiln produced carbonised cereal remains, mostly spelt with a single oat grain, possible emmer and barley. Indicates that crop processing waste used for kindling in the kiln.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,70
5034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5044,"Seven samples assessed from the four Roman ovens. Cereal grains/chaff (cereal processing waste) and seeds/fruits of common weed species were recovered at varying densities from all samples. Oat, barley and wheat grains were recorded with wheat being predominant. Wheat chaff elements, especially spelt  glume bases, were common throughout. Also presence of common fragments of cereal sprout, detached cereal embryos and sprouted and wasted grains.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
5045,"Two samples were collected, from a hearth including many pottery sherds, and an adjacent ditch/gully fill. The ditch/gully included a high proportion of charred material, composed of wood charcoal with relatively abundant charred glume bases of spelt, a few elongate grains of spelt, a grain of oat and stinking mayweed, a weed characteristic of clay soils. The material appeared to comprise a low-density scatter of spelt processing waste. Molluscs indicate very open environment.",moderate,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
5046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5048,No data from Roman contexts,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5051,"Five samples were submitted for assessment from pit, ditch and posthole fills of 1st-2nd century AD date. One sample from the fill of a ditch contained a moderate density of carbonised grains including wheat, barley, and possibly oats. Also a single glume base of spelt wheat.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
5052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5053,"Twenty one samples were submitted for assessment. Cereal grains/chaff and seeds of common weeds were present at varying densities within all but one. Probably from cereal processing. And domestic waste. Oat, barley, and wheat grains were recorded, with wheat occurring most frequently. The wheat grains were mostly of spelt, and spelt glume bases were present within sixteen samples, being particularly abundant in one. Also bread wheat rachis nodes. Indication that cereals being grown on a range of local soil types.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,425
5054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5055,"Thirty three samples were assessed. Barley and wheat grains were recorded at a low density. The wheat grains were mostly spelt. Chaff is all but absent. Most likely that the assemblages are derived from scattered refuse rather than larger, more systematic deposits of waste.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
5056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5057,"A single sample from an early Roman posthole contained two cereal grains and one other seed, as well as quite a few fragments of other artefacts. The cereal grains show the adoption of free threshing wheat.",,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
5058,"Seventeen samples from the excavation were presented for assessment, from early Roman contexts. Charred cereal grains were present in most samples, most of them were spelt/bread wheat grains, along with barley. Only one fragment of cereal chaff was found.",moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
5059,"Some indications of cereal grains from the bedding trenches. Horticultural evidence suggested by form of trenches, though no plant remains to corroborate this.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,200
5060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5061,"A total of four samples was taken from Roman archaeological features. Charred cereal grain recovered - spelt, bread wheat and barley.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
5062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5063,"A total of 48 samples from Period 3 Roman features. The plant macrofossil assemblage from the Roman features in the floodplain consisted of emmer/spelt wheat and barley with smaller quantities of oat, spelt wheat and rye with cereal chaff suggesting arable agriculture was being carried out in the area. Flax recovered from deposits may represent either background flora, or that flax production was taking place within the floodplain.",moderate,minor,,minor,minor,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,400
5064,Barley and wheat grains were recorded along with a possible specimen of rye. A single spelt wheat glume base was noted within the assemblage.,minor,,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
5065,"Nineteen samples for the retrieval of plant macrofossil assemblages were taken for assessment. Cereal grains, seeds and tree/shrub macrofossils were recorded at an exceedingly low density.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
5066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
5074,No specific data as yet but interim report noted that the plant remains suggested that the site (in later Roman period) was a processing hub receiving batches of semi-processed grain.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,375
5075,"Thirteen bulk samples were taken, with charred cereal grains present in several of the samples, including a rich deposit of burnt bones mixed with charred barley in a Roman ditch - deliberate deposition of burnt food waste. Also legumes.",,,,moderate,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
5076,A total of two bulk environmental samples were taken from two ditches - one produced sparse charcoal and a single charred spelt grain.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
5077,"Thirty-four samples were taken from this evaluation. A sample from a late Iron Age/early Roman pit contained a single rachis fragment of barley chaff, while Of the nine samples dated to the Roman period only from the pottery kiln contained charred plant remains and these were of too small a quantity to be of interpretable value.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,70
6001,"Ten samples from LIA to 2nd C Roman contexts. LIA-early Roman context produced emmer and spelt wheat, a barley grain and very little chaff. Early/mid Roman (late 1st-2nd C) contexts produced much greater samples of charred grain - almost wholly spelt wheat. Also bread wheat and barley. Chaff also present.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
6002,"Large numbers of charred cereal remains came from fill of 1st C kilns - spelt/emmer and oats. Also from 1st/2nd C ditches, which contained much spelt wheat along with some emmer, barley and oats. Also pulses (pea and Celtic bean). Mollusc evidence indicates dry open grassland.",moderate,minor,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
6003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6005,"Charred remains from the cremations mainly comprises oak and ash charcoal, and also onion couch and a few wheat grains. Molluscs generally indicate an open grassland.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
6006,Three samples from 2nd C AD features contained charred cereal remains including wheat grains and spelt glume bases. Molluscs indicate open grassland.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
6007,"Thirty four samples taken and fourteen samples analysed, two from Roman contexts. One pit contained much grain, with a few chaff fragments. Some were identified as spelt and many showed signed of germination - malting? A ditch sample contained a very high concentration of spelt glumes, with less grain - waste from dehusking and cleaning of spelt wheat. Also minor barley.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
6008,"Nine samples analysed. Mainly cereal grains with a smaller amount of chaff. 85% of cereal grains are wheat, with almost half being bread wheat, other being spelt/emmer. Most bread wheat found in upper fill of a pit, which may be later Roman. Also barley and oats. Molluscs indicate predominance of moist rich grassland.",minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
6009,Charcoal analysis revealed oak to the principal wood used in the cremation burials.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
6010,"Twenty three samples taken for charred plant remains. A LIA/early Roman oven contained spelt wheat glumes and a barley grain, while other pits contained spelt, barley and hazel nut. Only one small sample of spelt from mid Roman phases.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
6011,"Most of the charred plant assemblages contained cereal grains and chaff (spelt and emmer wheat, barley, oats and rye). Large quantities of spelt chaff, and also significant amounts of bread wheat grains. Also pulses (pea), fruits (elder, blackberry/raspberry, sloe and grape seeds) and nut shell. Wild plants are typical of open grasslands.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
6012,"A total of 114 samples were taken, with 9 analysed from Roman deposits. Spelt wheat grains and chaff were predominant, with minor barley. All derived from spelt wheat processing.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
6013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6023,Very small charred plant assemblage with a small amount of indeterminate wheat. Snails suggest dry open landscape.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
6024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6025,"Charred plant remains were very sparse, with a general absence of cereal.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
6026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6027,"Samples for charred and waterlogged plant remains revealed presence of spelt wheat grain and chaff, in addition to very small amounts of bread wheat and barley, and flax. Also hazel nut shell.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
6028,"Samples contained charred cereals in each phase. In late Iron Age/early Roman very limited assemblage, mainly barley with some indeterminate wheat. In mid Roman assemblage, still minimal grain (inc. spelt wheat) but greater volume of chaff, mostly spelt. Also hazel nut. Late Roman assemblage has greater volumes of spelt grain and chaff.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
6029,Cherry stones found in 2nd C well.,,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
6030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6031,"The two richest mid Roman flots are from a corn drier, and contain very large quantities of spelt wheat glumes, with rather less grain. An early Roman pottery kiln yielded spelt wheat glumes, probably used as fuel. Remains of two potential horticultural trees comprise sweet cherry and walnut. Also celery, parsley and blackberry.",abundant,,,,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,400
6032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6033,Generally quite sparse charred plant remains with a little spelt (grain and chaff) and barley identified from both phases of settlement.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
6034,Small quantities of charred cereal remains included spelt wheat (grain and especially chaff) and barley.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,325
6035,"Seven samples assessed with two having abundant charred plant remains, including spelt wheat chaff from processing waste.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,225
6036,"Eleven samples assessed with four proving to have appreciable quantities of charred plant remains suggesting limiting crop husbandry on site. Spelt wheat (grains and chaff) most commonly identified, though also bread wheat and possible emmer. Also barley.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
6037,"One of the four samples from early Roman contexts contained abundant cereal remains (grain and chaff) including barley, bread wheat and spelt. Very limited remains in other samples.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
6038,"Twelve samples from early Roman contexts, from pits and kilns, one of which may have been re-used as a corndrier. Dominated by spelt and bread wheat cereal grains and chaff. Also emmer, barley, rye and oats, along with possible pea. Nineteen samples from later Roman contexts, including the corndrier also dominated by wheat grains, with some evidence for malting. Spelt dominates, along with some bread wheat and barley.",abundant,minor,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
6039,"Thirty two samples analysed. Those from late iron Age/early Roman contexts had frequent occurrences of spelt wheat and barley with some emmer. Grain and chaff noted, all from final stages of crop processing. Mid Roman samples from the drying oven mostly contained spelt, along with some emmer and oat. Some grains had germinated and together with detached coleoptiles suggests possible malting.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
6040,"Ten samples analysed with much cereal processing waste found in a few of them. Cereals mainly comprised spelt, with a little emmer and barley.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
6041,Four samples contained small amounts of spelt wheat chaff. Molluscs indicate damp conditions.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
6042,Thirty samples assessed though no samples from Iron Age-Roman contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
6043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6045,Cereal remains in significant quantities found in certain samples - mainly wheat and barley.,minor,minor,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,40
6046,"Small quantities of cereal remains, not identified in report.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,300
6047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6054,Five bulk samples from pits. Mostly charcoal with a few grains of barley. The pollen data from the bedding trenches suggests an open landscape but is insufficient to indicate the presence of a vineyard.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,150
6055,Samples from Roman contexts indicate that activities such as cereal processing/consumption (spelt and bread wheat) were focused within this area. The moderately large number of flax seeds noted within one sample could also be indicative of food waste. Molluscs indicate that the area was largely composed of dry grassland.,moderate,,minor,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
6056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6057,"Early Roman samples from the floodplain were exceptionally rich in very well preserved spelt wheat chaff - almost pure deposits of burnt waste from de-husking and final cleaning of cereals. Weed seeds, threshing debris of barley and some grain was also present.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
6058,"A total of 49 environmental samples was selected for assessment. Only two samples produced moderately rich assemblages (LIA/ER pits). Wheat was the main grain, mainly emmer/spelt with some free-threshing wheat. Also a few oat and barley grains and evidence for flax. Charred cereal chaff was noted in nine flots - mostly ID'd from spelt.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
6059,"Two samples from Romano-British contexts produced quantities of charred grain and chaff, especially of spelt wheat and occasional bread wheat. High proportion of grain in relation to chaff.  Molluscs were only recovered in very low numbers and the species recovered were mainly open country species.",moderate,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
6060,"Extensive sampling was undertaken for charred plant remains during the excavation. Concentration relatively high - especially spelt wheat. The majority of assemblages show a high ratio of wheat grain to glumes. Also barley, oats and cultivated legumes (pea and lentil), grape, plum and cherry.",abundant,,,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-50,425
6061,"Charred plant remains were found in 54 of the 91 Iron Age and Roman samples. The cereal grains included those of  emmer or spelt, probably mainly spelt. Barley grains were found in smaller numbers. Chaff of glume wheat including spelt was recovered from about 30 samples. A few grains of bread wheat type were present and occasional glumesof emmer.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
6062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6067,A quantity of charred wheat grain from the corndrier.,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,200
6068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6070,"Thirty-six environmental samples were collected. Wheat was the best represented cereal grain, mainly emmer/spelt, with traces of free-threshing wheat. Barley was the second most frequent cereal and a few oat grains were present. All the chaff was from hulled wheat, with glume and spikelet bases of spelt and emmer/spelt. There was also evidence for legumes.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
6071,"A total of 48 samples taken with significant charred plant remains from 2nd and especially 3rd C AD contexts. Spelt chaff especially abundant (probably used as fuel), along with bread wheat, oats, rye and barley.",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
6072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6073,"Charred plant remains derive from five samples, with little chaff but grain of spelt wheat, bread wheat and barley. Spelt particularly abundant. Also Celtic bean. Agricultural bedding trenches to the west of the main settlement (vineyards or horticulture).",abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,350
6074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6076,"Material from nine early Roman samples was fully analysed. Spelt wheat dominated (with a dominance of wheat chaff over grain) with also barley and oat. Overall the early Roman samples had lower numbers of wheat chaff and grain than the samples from middle Roman features, and thus suggest that spelt was being processed on a smaller scale in the earlier period. Legumes including pea, broad bean and common vetch are present in small quantities. Also possible rye and a single seed of flax in mid Roman contexts. Pollen evidence from later Roman waterhole suggests a largely open landscape.",moderate,minor,,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
6077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6079,Six samples were selected for analysis. Very large quantities of glume wheat chaff were present in enclosure ditch samples - dominated by spelt wheat with a few emmer. Probably result of the accumulation of crop processing waste on an industrial scale. The presence of cereal coleoptiles and detached embryos indicates that germination of at least some of the grain had occurred - evidence of spoilt grain being burnt along with the chaff rather than being evidence of malting.,abundant,minor,minor,,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
6080,"A low density of charred cereal grains, predominantly of spelt wheat and barley, were present in nine of the environmental samples taken from this site",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
6081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6082,A limited quantity and quality of charred plant remains,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
6083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6086,"Some of the Roman features on the site contained high concentrations of charred cereal processing waste, including high quantities of spelt glumes and lesser grains. The occurrence of disarticulated embryos suggests that the remains could have resulted from the rubbing and cleaning of malted grain.",abundant,,,,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
6087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6089,"A total of 67 ecofact samples were taken. Plant remains were present in three late Iron Age-early Romano British samples, 10 early Romano-British samples and 13 mid-late Romano-British samples. The cereal grains included glume wheat either spelt or emmer, probably mainly spelt from the presence of occasional fragments of chaff. Grains of barley are probably present",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
6090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
6091,"Twenty three bulk samples taken, with sparse charred cereal grains and charcoal. Barley and spelt wheat identified.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
7001,"Although oak was dominant in the charcoal samples, a range of tree species seems to have been utilised in the firing of the kilns. All the charred plants remains appear to derive from waste leftover after cereal processing, perhaps used as kindling in the kiln firings.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
7002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7005,"Results of the charred plant remains were negative, whilst the charcoal was only identified as oak.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7010,Quantities of charred grain were found in postholes of the building.,moderate,,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
7011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7013,,moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
7014,,minor,,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
7015,"Oak, hornbeam and birch were all identified from charcoal.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7016,Barley was identified from a sample though could not be dated.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7017,,,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
7018,,minor,minor,,,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
7019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7024,"A charcoal report is present in the publication, identifying hazel, poplar and common oak.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7031,No data - no specialist reports yet available,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7032,No finds report yet available,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
7045,"Charred cereal remains were rare, and processing or storage activities were not carried out in the areas excavated.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8001,The charred plant remains indicate that the final stages of crop processing is represented by the assemblage - particularly in the early phase.,abundant,,moderate,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
8002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8003,"Spelt, emmer and six-row barley were all cultivated nearby, whilst a number of rarer crops were present in the assemblage including oats, coriander, flax, fig, and lentil. Charred barley rachis and straw were well represented in one feature indicating that the burning of waste from threshing, raking and coarse sieving were conducting nearby. Activities which take place shortly after the harvest. The high quantity of oats may suggest that animal foddering was part of the practice. The fig remains are likely to have been imported and, as such likely means that the lentils and coriander were also traded in, alongside the non-local ceramics, the samian and amphorae.",abundant,abundant,,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,-70,150
8004,Report in archive,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8005,"Charcoal associated with the kilns was representative of a number of different tree species, including field maple, Gaertner, birch, hazel, oak, ash, hawthorn/apple/pear sp., blackthorn, wild cherry, willow and poplar. The use of logs or billets of oak suggests that the wood used for firing was not from coppiced poles. Also the presence of such a wide range of species indicates the existence of a heavily-populated and long-established woodland, rather than a short-cycle coppiced woodland.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8006,"Charred plant remains derived from three late Roman pits, though were not well preserved. Hazelnut fragments were present in one feature. Waterlogged plant remains were more common due to the presence of the well features, and the species tended to suggest that an open grass landscape existed in the vicinity. This conclusion was supported by the pollen analysis.",minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
8007,"The recut Roman roadside ditch (late 1st C AD) contained emmer grains, one of spelt and two of barley. Charred plant remains were also recovered from other contexts but each produced minimal quantities.",minor,moderate,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,200
8008,No organic remains were recovered from the samples taken.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8010,"Charred plant remains also suggest that crop processing was carried out in the vicinity; however, no data or further details are given in the report.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8012,,moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
8013,"Ten bulk samples were taken for analysis, though no charred cereal remains were found in the assemblage.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8015,"The charred remains were, in general, poorly-preserved. A higher frequency of grain from particular ditch and posthole deposits which may indicate later stages of crop processing perhaps taking place closer to the main area of habitation.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,200
8016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8017,"9 samples produced small quantities of carbonised plant remains almost exclusively of cereal grain. The grains were well distributed amongst the samples and bread wheat was found to be the most abundant species with 12 grains. Many could not be distinguished between wheat sp., barley or rye, whilst single oat grain was tentatively identified. Blackberry/raspberry identified from the waterlogged remains.",minor,,moderate,,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,175
8018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8020,"Identifiable cereal remains, of both grain and chaff, from the ditch of the northern enclosure belonged mainly to wheat with evidence for hulled grains including emmer while there were also a few oat grains which may be either wild and/or cultivated. As well as a number of indeterminate grains there were also a moderate amount of unquantified cereal fragments. This material represents background cereal debris accidentally charred during the final stages of crop-processing, including the de-husking and cooking of the grains. Single grains of free-threshing wheat and barley were also found from a deposit of one the structures. The majority of the cereal remains from this period, however, were from a well fill, which contained a very large amount of well preserved six-row hulled barley grains (including spikelets) and rachis fragments plus traces of hulled wheats (both emmer and possibly spelt), free-threshing wheat and oats. This may possibly be part of a stored barley deposit, accidentally burnt and then deposited into the well.",moderate,moderate,minor,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
8021,Blackberry/raspberry seeds found in both early and late phases.,abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
8022,,moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
8023,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
8024,"In the Romano-British assemblage glume wheats predominate. There seemed to be more oats than barley, though it was impossible to distinguish whether these were the domestic or wild variety.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
8025,"The charred plant remains from the cremation pit demonstrate that oak alone was used for the funerary pyre. Background scatters of cereal processing waste were also noted, though no indication of species present was given.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8026,"The Perryoaks and Terminal 5 samples have been notably free of imported fruits and spices, though a grape seed is present. McKinley notes evidence for the storage of hay in the early-mid Roman phases - see report - possibly for the over-wintering of livestock.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,-100,400
8027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8028,"All the plant remains derived from the lower (l.1st/e.2ndC AD) levels from the gravel quarry pits. Grain, chaff and seeds were all present in the samples and each had been preserved by charring. The specialist argues that the remains represent 'fine cleanings from the later stages of cereal processing because they still contain heavier glume fragments and seeds the same size as the grains'. The samples seem to have been readied for storage. Their charring may have been carried out in a corn-dryer, the limited area of excavation precluded such a find on site, and this would have been necessary in wet areas to prevent germination and insect attack. A very small quantity of sprouted grain was present, though not enough to suggest malting.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
8029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8030,"Cereal remains make up the majority of the plant macrofossil assemblage. The remainder appear to be examples of weed-type seeds with the possible exception of the possible plum/damson stone fragments. The presence of detached and sprouted embryos indicates, according to the specialist, that the deposit of wheat represented either deliberately sprouted grain for malting or grain that had become spoilt owing to unsuitable storage conditions. The former may have become charred accidentally when the grain was subjected to high temperature to arrest the malting process when the required stage of sprouting was reached. Alternatively, if the cereal had begun to sprout unintentionally then the spoilt grain may have been disposed of by burning. The ratio of sprouted embryos to wheat grains is low, but sprouted grain fragments still make up c.16% of the total grain in the assemblage.",abundant,,,minor,minor,minor,minor,,moderate,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
8031,"Preservation of plant remains was good due to the watery nature of the site. As such fruit seeds were the most prevalent. Plant species include fig, carrot, and elderberry. Wheat was present but no species was determined.",minor,,,minor,,,abundant,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,275,400
8032,Charred plant remains were present but not abundant. Elderberry and blackberry were present in the samples.,minor,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
8033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8038,"Quantities of charred cereal grains and chaff, plus the seeds of wild plants were recovered from the backfill of the pit. The cereals included emmer and spelt wheat with lesser quantities of oats. The charred seeds of fumitory, broad-leaved dock, rye brome/lopgrass and other grasses were also present, representing either crop weeds or plants from the local environment.",moderate,moderate,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,225
8039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8040,"The plant samples were disappointingly poor. Identified species included poppy, orache, stinging nettle, thistles and elder.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8045,The Roman dated material was not distinguished by phase for the assessment.,minor,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
8046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8051,no cereal remains were recovered after wet sieving of Roman dated features.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8053,Post-excavation analysis in progress,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8054,No Roman data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8056,"Charred cereal grains were found in most samples. The richest samples came mainly from occupation and destruction deposits in the north-east Roman building and from three fills of the ditch associated with the early London to Silchester road. The majority of cereal grains hall samples were from wheat, with the majority resembling hulled spelt wheat and/or barley. Occasional oat grains were noted in many samples, and rye may also have been present in a few. Food remains were rare in the samples, but fragments of charred hazelnut shell was seen in ten, five of which came from the south-west Roman building. A horse bean and three peas were observed in a sample from a pit fill and two more horse beans in samples from ditch fills. Two further samples contained unidentifiable fragments of large pulses.",abundant,,,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,43,375
8057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8060,"The wheat identified could not be distinguished between spelt and emmer, so both have been noted here.",minor,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,300
8061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8064,"Environmental samples were taken from both Roman ditches and the pit (with the horse's head). The chaff was dominated by glume bases of Triticum spelta, with occasional glume bases of Triticum dicoccum (emmer) present in ditch fill 613. Grain was generally poorly preserved, although Triticum spelta, Hordeum vulgare (barley) and Avena sp. (oats) were identified. Weed seeds were present in similar quantities in all three samples and included typical species of arable/wasteland habitats commonly encountered in deposits of this period.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
8065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8066,"Charred plants remains were recovered, though the results were not specified by phase.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8067,"The plant remains and their context suggest that blackberries may have been consumed, whilst remains of barley and spelt may have been stored, though on site processing is also possible.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
8068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8074,"Environmental sampling was carried out, though botanical remains were absent.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8076,Evidence for cereal processing was found at the site.,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
8077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
8078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9001,"Data given for site as a whole. Evidence for pine cones which are suggested to possibly indicate ritual or culinary use (or both) - it may also suggest nearby woodland, though the cones could have been imported to the site.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
9002,"Charred plant remains are mainly charcoal from the cremations, though some cereals and weeds are present as is one pea.",minor,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
9003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9013,"Analysed botanical remains were excavated from the tannage pit, a well and the granary. Species tentatively identified from the tannage pit include sloe, bird cherry, and bullace or cherry plum. Pine cones were recovered from the well. Analysis of the pine cone suggests that they were from the stone pine (pinus pinea), a species native to the Mediterranean. It possible that these had had a ritual use associated with the deep room under the church as some showed evidence of burning.",moderate,,,,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,150,400
9014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9016,Plant remains derive entirely from a sample from a late Roman ditch (3rd-4th C.),minor,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
9017,"Archaeobotanical remains show that structure 1 was a corn-drier which had mixed usage, one of which probably being malting.",abundant,minor,,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,300
9018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9019,"Good palynological and archaeobotanical evidence from the site. Evidence from the pollen data suggest the area dropped in water-level during the early Roman period, possibly through a programme of planned drainage. Charcoal evidence suggested that oak was most commonly used as fuel despite the indication from pollen data that hazel was more common in the immediate vicinity - perhaps showing that management (maybe coppicing) of oak was being carried out. Possibly significant was the find of a sole stone pine kernel from the site, excavated from the pit at the centre of the shrine. There may be evidence that grasses were collected for hay/fodder, though traditional hay meadow species are absent. Early germination of grain raises the possibility that malting was carried out, though only on a small scale in certain areas.",abundant,moderate,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,43,400
9020,"89 samples were submitted for analysis from the Sanctuary site - quantified. The raw data are held in archive (ADS?), and the discussion does not distinguish between sanctuary site and roadside settlement well, nor between phases. Free-threshing wheat were generally rare, though higher quantities were found in an early Roman corndrier. Interesting species recovered include grape, onion, apple, plum, cherry, sloe, coriander and fig. Plus charred remains of stone pine were also recovered. Pollen evidence suggests that, whilst some evidence for trees and shrubs were apparent, the local environment was mostly an open/grassland pastoral habitat (the mollusc and water-logged plant remains evidence supports this).",abundant,moderate,minor,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,1,300
9021,"44 samples were submitted for analysis from the roadside settlement - quantified in report.  The raw data are held in archive (ADS?), but the discussion does not clearly distinguish between sanctuary site and roadside settlement, nor between phases. The Iron Age remains were dominated by spelt with good evidence for barley and emmer. Barley and emmer were, however, noted to have been better represented in LIA samples than in Roman ones. LIA samples also included broad bean, pea, hazelnut, sloe and flax. Wild oat was also common, as were other weed seeds, including ones from different environments e.g. wetland and lighter drier soils, perhaps signalling the exploitation of different arable land and grasslands (though hay meadows are not indicated by the archaeobotanist). The Roman samples were also dominated, though more pronounced than in IA features, by spelt wheat, though emmer were still relatively frequent. Free-threshing wheat grains were generally, but present, particularly in contexts with high proportions of spelt. Interesting species recovered include beet, apple, coriander and fig. Pollen evidence suggests that, whilst some evidence for trees and shrubs were apparent, the local environment was mostly an open/grassland pastoral habitat (the mollusc and water-logged plant remains evidence supports this).",abundant,moderate,minor,moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,moderate,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,50,300
9022,"Preservation of charred plant remains was of exceptionally high quality. The report is not explicit in describing particular crop species, though spelt wheat strongly dominated all of the samples. The remains provided extremely compelling evidence for crop processing and malting across all phases of activity at the site. The plant remains identified are mostly open environment species, though pollen analysis suggest there is some evidence for woodland pockets. Wild cherry and a flax capsule a recovered amongst the waterlogged assemblage.",abundant,,,,minor,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
9023,"None of the samples were precisely dated to the Roman period, though some were late Iron Age in date - see report.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
9024,"Charcoal indicated that both oak and hazel were used as pyre fuel, whilst one fragment was identified as pine, though confirmed as the native species rather than the imported stone pine found in ritual context from other sites in Kent.",minor,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
9025,"Small quantities of malting waste were recovered from an inhumation grave. Remains of hazelnut, plum, and hawthorn fruit were amongst the grave samples.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
9026,"Glumes of germinating spelt grain and coleoptiles were moderately abundant in a late Roman ditch, possibly associated with the contemporary oven at the site, and may indicate evidence for malting.",moderate,,,minor,,,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
9027,Well preserved spelt and free-threshing wheat were found with the urned cremation.,minor,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,100
9028,"Large quantities of, probably malted, sprouting spelt wheat grain were excavated from the sunken-feature building, whilst corresponding quantities of chaff were recovered from the nearby ditches. In contrast, samples from the pit included moderate levels of 'domestic background waste'.",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,120
9029,No data - incomplete report,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9030,"No archaeobotanical report accompanies the main article, and remains are mentioned to derived from 'Roman period features', including strawberry/cinquefoil, figs and elder, with only occasional remains of charred cereal, though species are not given.",,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
9031,"Archaeobotanical report in archive - small threads of information are given in the main report and some data recorded here have been extrapolated from this. The Roman period assemblage is suggestive, in places, of final stages of crop processing. Some arable weed seeds are also present.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
9032,"Environmental samples suffered from very poor preservation, though blackberry seeds were found to be relatively common. Charred cereal grain was recovered though species was not identified.",,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
9033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9034,Final report to come,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9035,"Both spelt and emmer were cultivated from the late Iron Age at the site, and Stevens suggests that emmer wheat was particularly common in Kent from that period onwards (see report for refs). Of particular interest was the discovery of hundreds of flax capsule fragments from a recut droveway ditch, and may have been exploited for linseed.",abundant,abundant,,minor,,,,abundant,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
9036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9039,"Much of the botanical remains seem to have been from secondary deposit, though analysis suggest that the remains were generally from a later stage of crop processing, whilst non-cereal plants were also present such as pea (Pisum sativum).",moderate,moderate,moderate,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
9040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9043,"Pelling notes that the morphology of many of the spelt wheat glume bases are unusual and distinct from most spelt glumes usually seen on RB sites in southern England and may represent a species imported from the continent. Fragments of stone pine (Pinus pinea) were recovered from two pits (no indication of burning), and represent further imported botanical samples. Pelling suggests that the Monkton example may represent culinary use, though the rural context indicates a 'cosmopolitan' aspect to the diet at Monkton. One possible fig seed may also be seen in this context. A couple of contexts suggest that malting took place. A number of useable herbaceous species are represented in the 'weed' category. Only two glume bases of emmer were present in the assemblage, not enough to show that emmer was a crop.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,moderate,minor,,,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,75,400
9044,"The Romano-British samples were associated with the aisled building and the nearby ditch. Cereal chaff is abundant compared to grain, whilst weed seeds are comparatively minimal. Emmer is rare and may have simply been a weed to the more abundant spelt. The presence of germinated grain and sprouted coleoptiles with the large quantities of chaff, alongside minimal evidence for weed seeds suggests that malting may have been carried out close to the site - possibly associated with the aisled building.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,minor,,minor,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
9045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9050,Few botanical remains,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,50
9051,"One grain of barley was found to have germinated, but it not enough to indicate evidence for malting. A single seed of either blackberry or raspberry was recovered unburnt.",,,minor,moderate,,,minor,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,200
9052,The majority of plant remains from the site are weed species.,moderate,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,300
9053,"Charred remains of chaff from the timber building in phase 4 (AD175-225 - early villa phase), along with a couple of spouted grains, indicated (to the specialist) that this represented processed remains from malting. Hazelnut is also present.",abundant,minor,,,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,130,325
9054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9056,"Waterlogged charcoal and wood indicates the presence dry soil/upland species, such as pine and oak, which must have been deliberately imported to the site for use as fuel, probably in hearths for the final stages of salt-processing. Charred cereals were recovered in minimal quantities and were too damaged for the identification of species. The water-logged plant remains were clearly indicative of a marshland environment.",,,,,minor,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,100
9057,"Assessment of the archaeobotanical remains indicates that spelt wheat is abundant, though a full and quantified analysis of the assemblage is still needed.",abundant,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
9059,"Oak, hazel and maple wood were all identified in the charcoal remains from the burial and amphorae 'feasting' context.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9061,"One sample was analysed from the fill of a possible cremation burial at the terminus of an early Romano-British ditch. The sample produced the largest charred plant assemblage from the site with over a thousand quantified items consisting mainly of cereal grains (93%) and only a few chaff fragments (1%) and seeds of other plants (6%). There was also a moderate amount of very fragmented charcoal plus some roots and a small number of uncharred weed seeds, for example, chickweeds, elder (Sambucus nigra).",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,43,80
9062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9064,"Several Iron Age samples from the excavation produced reasonable quantities of material, although many contained little to no information. Within the samples both barley and hulled wheats were well represented while glumes of hulled wheats outnumbered remains of hulled wheat grains. The poor condition of much of the material meant that identification of either emmer or spelt was not always possible although both appeared to be present throughout the Iron Age, with glumes of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta) appearing more common. Barley was also present throughout the Iron Age being represented mainly by grains rather than chaff. It was more common within the later middle to late Iron Age samples. Free-threshing wheat grains were relatively scarce in the Iron Age samples, although a rachis fragment was recovered from a ditch. Wild foods were represented within many of the samples by occasional fragments of hazelnut, with the only other possible wild food remains from Iron Age deposits being sloe (Prunus spinosa) from a late Iron Age ditch, and a stone of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) from a posthole.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-300,50
9065,"The Iron Age samples derive from the A2 Road Scheme excavation, whilst the LIA/ERB and late Roman samples came from the CTRL excavation. The Iron Age samples do not seem to be uniform: some are dominated by cereal grain, some by cereal chaff, some by weed seeds, and others were fairly mixed. Many of the Roman samples contained very large charred plant assemblages, consisting of cereal grain, chaff and weed seeds in varying proportions. These were particularly abundant in samples from some of the 1st century features in Area C, and from the late Roman kiln to the west of Downs Road. Wheat was the dominant cereal found in samples from both early and late Roman features. The majority of wheat grains could not be securely identified to species but spelt seemed to predominate. A few grains and chaff fragments on each site were identified as probable emmer, and several very short, rounded grains as probable free-threshing wheat. Grains of six-row hulled barley were present in most of the samples, but made up less than 10% of the identified grains in most assemblages, although higher proportions were found in several samples from the Area C enclosure. Occasional oat (Avena sp.) grains were also found in many of the samples, but did not form a significant proportion, and are most likely to have grown as crop weeds. Indeed the two complete oat florets recovered are both believed to belong to wild oat species rather than the cultivated variety. Whilst the assemblage from the corn-dryer indicated evidence for a final stage of crop processing, no evidence for malting was found.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-400,400
9066,"All cremation deposits were subjected to 100% sampling, for the retrieval of botanical and other evidence, and a total of 963 environmental samples were processed. The number was reduced, after a preliminary scan, by approximately two thirds, and the remaining flots were assessed for charred plant remains. A little charred cereal grain and chaff, and occasional pulses were found in eight of the samples, but preservation was poor and only one sample, from cremation grave fill 11728, was recommended for further study. Fig and grape seeds were recovered, as well as lentils and peas from a few cremations.",minor,,minor,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,50,270
9067,"Twenty-two samples came from Roman features. These were mainly from pits and ditches but included a later Roman corn-drying oven. However, cereal remains were poorly represented in this feature and it may have been cleaned prior to going into disuse. A relatively high proportion of emmer wheat on this site may be significant. One early Roman pit included a very high proportion of free-threshing wheat and barley, but little emmer or spelt. Celtic bean and hazelnut remains were present.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
9068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9069,"The samples derive from contexts dated to the early Roman period (AD c.60 ? 120), middle Roman phase I (AD 120 ? 150), middle Roman phase II (AD 150 ? 250) and the late Roman (AD 250 ? 420) occupation and use of the site. These correspond to Phases 1, 2 and 3 as recorded here. This spans the proto-villa construction, the villa construction and remodelling of the complex followed by the late Roman activity centred around the corndrier. Some coleoptiles were recovered in the late Roman period which may indicate that malting was carried out, though the assemblage is not large enough to be certain.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
9070,"The early-mid Iron Age assemblage from a hearth/oven feature consisted mainly of emmer wheat, with some spelt, barley and oats. Hazelnut remains were recovered from a mid-late Iron Age context, along with some charred wheat grains. A single Roman ditch context contained an assemblage mostly of spelt, though barley, oats and two leguminous seeds, possibly a bean or pea.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
9071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9090,Only five identifiable charred specimens were recovered from the Romano-British ditch.,,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
9091,"Over 80% of the botanical assemblage was recovered from the fill of the corn drier. Wheat was the best represented cereal from the site accounting for 25% of all grains, just over half of which were identified with spelt being most common, whilst a much smaller number of emmer grains were present. Barley accounted for just 4% of the cereal grains from the site with the presence of twisted and hulled grains indicating that six-row hulled barley was present in the assemblages. Thirty-one oat grains (2% of all cereal grains) were also counted, though the absence of floret bases made it impossible to establish whether these were wild or cultivated.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,375
9092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9093,"A quantity of charred grain was recovered from a Romano-British ditch, though these were not identified to species.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
9094,Samples from a Roman ditch suggest that cereal (wheat) processing was carried out in the vicinity. The plant remains had not been fully analysed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9095,Charred plant remains were recovered though little analysis had been carried out.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9097,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9099,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9101,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9102,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9103,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9104,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9108,"Environmental samples revealed some evidence for plant remains and charcoal, though little analysis has been carried out",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9110,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9112,"The majority of the grains belonged to wheat (Triticum spp.), with hulled wheats of emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and spelt (T. spelta) being the most abundant grains, although there were occasional records of free-threshing wheat (T. aestivum). Barley (Hordeum spp.) including hulled grains was also well represented in most samples (particularly in sampled fill [1386]) while there were sporadic grains of oats (Avena spp.) in some of the samples. The two rich seed assemblages were from early Roman pit fill which consisted of a range of seeds of wild plants (probably arable weeds) while the rich sample from another Roman pit fill consisted of hundreds of legumes, particularly horse beans (Vicia faba). Moderate numbers ofseeds of other plants (mainly from weeds) were also found in an early Roman hearth sample. A Roman pit fill contained seeds of flax (Linum usitatissimum). One sample included charred hazelnut (Corylus avellana) shell fragments.",abundant,abundant,minor,minor,,abundant,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
9113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9114,"Charred macroplant remains were present in small quantities. In many of the samples however these were often poorly preserved or fragmented. Wheat species, including Triticum spelta (spelt wheat) and T. aestivum (bread wheat) were noted in six samples. Spelt wheat caryopses and glume bases were most abundant from a single pit fill. Some awn fragments that may originate from the same source were also present in these samples. Barley (Hordeum sp.) grains were identified in several samples, although these were infrequent and often fragmented. Several samples contained occasional Pisum sativum (pea) and cf. Vicia/Lathyrus sp. (vetches/peas).",moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,200
9115,"The majority of botanical samples date to the Roman occupation of the site. Pits and post-holes generally produced better preserved assemblages than the ditch fill contexts which tended to contain greater quantities of uncharred vegetation suggesting modern disturbance. The assemblage is dominated by charred cereal grains, predominantly wheat taxa. The majority of the wheat seeds present are glume wheats including Triticum spelta (spelt wheat) and Triticum dicoccum (emmer), although some free-threshing Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) may also be present in some of the larger assemblages. Chaff is almost absent in the samples which makes identifications of wheat species more difficult. Barley and occasional oats were also recorded. In one context it appears that Hordeum sp. (barley) are dominant.",abundant,abundant,minor,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
9116,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9117,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9118,No quantified analysis has yet been undertaken,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9119,"Samples from the corn-dryer contain moderately rich macrobotanical assemblages dominated by wheat grains. Barley (Hordeum sp.) grains are present and a single possible lentil (cf. Lens cullinaris L.) was evident. Wheat caryopses were particularly well preserved in the oven rake-out, and a variety of wheat species are present in samples though the apparent absence of glume bases restricts the potential for identifying the glume wheats. It is assumed that both spelt and emmer were present though, as no quantification is given in the report, all plant species are recorded as having a minor presence. Weed seeds in these samples include wild grasses (Poaceae), cultivated or wild oats (Avena sp.), bedstraff / woodruff (Galium / Asperula sp.), knotgrass / dock (Polygonum / Rumex sp.), radish (Raphanus sp.) and daisy (Apiaceae). Two samples from the oven feature were sufficiently rich in wood charcoal fragments to merit analysis. Oak, hazel / alder (Corylus / Alnus sp.), sloe / cherry (Prunus sp.), hawthorn / whitebeam / apple (Maloideae taxa) and elm (Ulmus sp.) are present in these deposits. Round wood fragments, including some that retain their bark, are present and well preserved. These samples have good potential to characterise the range of fuel used and given the presence of round wood and taxa that are often coppiced they may assist in establishing evidence for woodland management.",minor,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
9120,The charred plant remains had only been assessed at the time of the report. Sedges (Carex sp.) that indicate damp ground conditions have been recorded. Woody taxa including elder (Sambucus nigra) and several seeds from the rose (Rosaceae) family are also evident.,abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,75
9121,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9123,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9124,"There were a few wild fruits and nuts recovered from the site, namely hawthorn and hazelnuts. Other weed species included vetch/wild pea, knot weeds, runch, wild oat/brome grass, small seeded grasses, hedge parsley, brassicas, bedstraws and goosefoot. These weed seeds are generally typical of arable assemblages.",moderate,moderate,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,225
9125,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9126,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9127,"The identification of the charred plant remains was made in 1936 after excavation of one of the nearby pits. The date of the pit is expected to be early Roman, though this is not certain. Two stones from cherries were also recovered.",,,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
9128,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9129,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9130,"Plant remains were present, though are yet to be analysed.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9131,"Charred plant remains present, but not reported on.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9132,An insignificant quantity of early Roman material was present.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9133,An abundance of hulled wheat was recovered from the kiln (possibly indicating its use as a corn-dryer).,abundant,moderate,,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
9134,"Low to moderate quantities of cereal remains were observed in the late Iron age/early Romano-British ditch samples. These were mainly grain and chaff fragments of hulled wheat, including a few remains of probable emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum). The moderate weed seed assemblage was similar to those recovered from MT01. Higher numbers of cereal remains were recovered from the late Iron Age/early Romano-British pits. These included remains of barley and hulled wheat, with the probable presence of both spelt and emmer. Large numbers of weed seeds, of similar species to those observed within the ditch samples were also recorded in these pits.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
9135,"The Romano-British kiln/ovens contained large quantities of cereal remains, mainly those of hulled wheat. Charred weed seeds and hazelnut shell fragments were also present in small amounts.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9136,The charred plant remains have yet to be fully analysed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9137,"The Roman cremation urns included quantities of wood charcoal including oak and either hawthorn, apple, or pear, of which oak appeared to be predominant.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9138,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9139,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9140,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9141,"Both of the possible hearths produced small quantities of charred grain, but no chaff. However, large quantities of charcoal was present in both samples.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9142,"A small quantity of charred plant remains have been recovered, though are yet to be examined.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9143,"A small quantity of plant remains were recovered from LIA/ERB ditch samples including both grain and chaff. There was no evidence for crop processing on site, whilst a LIA posthole produced a quantity of oak charcoal.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
9144,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9145,"No evidence of hulled wheats were found in the archaeobotanical samples, perhaps suggesting that the area was used as pasture rather than arable land during the late Iron Age.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9146,"Samples taken from an oven by the main enclosure produced a total of 66 charred grains, 11 of which are wheat with one grain tentatively identified as hulled spelt and two emmer/spelt. Grains of six row hulled barley were also present in the sample alongside the wheat fragments. Small quantities of chaff and weed seeds within the oven assemblage indicates crop processing may have been carried out in the vicinity, with the oven being used to dry and crack the hulls of grain prior to milling/grinding. The oven was in use towards the end of occupation at the site.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
9147,Some charred plant remains were recovered but the report does not specify which phases these came from.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9148,"Wheat, barley and oats, including chaff were recovered from an Iron Age pit, along with grass and weed seeds.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
9149,"Barley, wheat and oats were all relatively abundant from Romano-British contexts, though quantification was lacking prior to full analysis. Some contexts included higher quantities of chaff, whilst others, particularly associated with a late Roman building, was grain rich. Peas seem to have been more common in this feature too. An apple/pear core was present in a late Iron Age context.",minor,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,400
9150,"Both wheat and barley grain and chaff were present in early Roman samples, as were some large legume fragments, such as Celtic bean. Possible flax remains were recovered as well as frequently occurring remains of weed seeds.",minor,minor,,minor,,minor,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
9151,"Both cereal grains and chaff were relatively well preserved of both wheat and barley, including barley rachis. Large legume fragments and a large fruit stone were also present.",minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
9152,No late Iron Age/early Roman contexts were sampled.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9153,"Barley (with side grains), oat, and wheat are present.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
9154,"Only one Roman ditch context was sampled, and included wheat, barley and possibly oat. Possible free threshing wheat rachis, Celtic bean and a possible pea specimen were also present.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
9155,The plant remains recovered from samples in this zone were generally poorly preserved. Only barley and wheat were positively identified.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
9156,"Both wheat chaff and grain were recovered. Along with a number of crops, a stone from a prune was noted amongst the assemblage.",minor,,,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,100,300
9157,"Cereal grain, chaff and weed seeds were present in all samples, whilst the fill of one pit (LIA) contained a large number - nearly 2000 - of pulses, of which 439 were positively identified as Pisum sativum (pea). Several seed from cabbage, turnip and mustard had preserved in the assemblage which contained the large quantity of peas, and many had sprouted, whilst hazelnut shell fragments and a sloe or plum stone were also present.",abundant,moderate,,moderate,,abundant,minor,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,125
9158,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9159,"Evidence of prune, wild peas/vetch and bramble was also recovered.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
9160,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9161,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9162,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9163,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9164,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9165,"The scarcity of charred cereal remains at Brisley Farm, therefore, may be a true indication of the low level of cereal cultivation in the area during the Iron Age and Roman periods. In addition, many of the deposits may have involved ritual activity associated with the burials and cremations, and for this reason are unlikely to contain domestic waste such as cereal processing debris.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
9166,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9167,"Of 300 grains nearly 60% were spelt wheat, c.40% were barley, and there were a few grains of either emmer or free-threshing wheat. Four specimens of oat were recovered, as were apple pips.",abundant,,,moderate,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,200,350
9168,It appears that cereal chaff may have been used for firing in the kilns.,,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
9169,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9170,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9171,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9172,Only charred cereal remains dating to the Bronze Age were recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9173,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9174,"Only grass species were recovered suggesting that a pastoral economy dominated at the site. However, the presence of mill and quernstones suggests that processing of arable produce was also present. More environmental remains are needed.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
9175,"A Roman gully and a pit contained high numbers of barley grain, with a  slightly lesser quantity of spelt grain, though some spelt glumes were present and some weed seeds. It appears that the remains represent a stage before final processing of the assemblage. Remains of pulses, including pea and lentils were also recovered from Roman features. No full quantification had yet been carried out.",abundant,,,abundant,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,400
9176,"207 environmental samples, between 10 and 40 litres, were taken during the excavation. However, charred plant remains were very sparse. 10 of the richer samples of Mid/Late Iron Age-early Roman date were chosen for full analysis. The samples contained mainly remains of hulled wheat, with remains of barley being present in several samples, but generally in fewer numbers. One exception was an Iron Age pit with high numbers of grains from hulled wheat and barley in roughly equal proportions. In most samples, glumes and spikelet forks of hulled wheat outnumbered grains, in particular from pits 11172 (Late Iron Age) and hearth 11459 (early Romano-British) where they were present in the thousands. chaff of spelt was better represented in two early Roman pits, but within most of the other features both emmer and spelt were equally well represented. Occasional grains and rachises of free-threshing wheat were recovered from a 1stC AD pit. Of interest were a number of germinated grains, mainly of spelt wheat, along with detached germinated coleoptiles (acrospires) or sprouts. These came from pit 11172 and hearth 11459, with smaller numbers from pit 21223. In hearth 11459 it is probable that most of the grains were germinated and are suggested to have been from malting. No other crop remains were found, although it is possible that the fragments of hazelnut within pit 31706 may represent nuts that were collected from the wild for use as food. Similarly, the fragment of sloe from pit might also have been gathered. The assemblage was quantified. Oak dominated the assemblage and the wood may have come from coppiced roundwood sources, though the remains were not well preserved enough to be certain.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
9177,"Small quantities of grain, chaff and weed seeds were recovered, but not quantified in the report. These were mainly of wheat, in which spelt was identified.",moderate,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,300
9178,"The charred plant remains from context 607 included a large number of spikelet and glume bases from hulled wheats, most of them identified as emmer although some were more characteristic of spelt. Few fragments of cereal grains were recovered, and weed seeds were also sparse with only the occasional seed of larger-seeded grass species, e.g. brome grass (Bromus sp.), and oats (Avena sp.), as well as a single seed of vetch/wild pea (Vicia/Lathyrus sp.). Some wood charcoal, including several larger fragments, was recovered but none could be identified as round or twig wood.",minor,abundant,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,1
10001,"Charcoal analysis suggests that fuel wood was gathered from temperate deciduous woodland and scrub/thicket habitats with Quercus species dominating the earlier Roman phased assemblage, perhaps indicating its predominance in the local environment. It could not be determined whether any of the woods represented derived from natural woodland or from managed resources in which trees were purposefully cultivated. No evidence of silviculture was observed in any of the material. Some of the charcoal exhibited characteristics associated with large slow-grown trees which may indicate that some of the wood was sourced from relatively undisturbed ancient woodland.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10011,"Seeds and cereals are present as single specimens in 2 samples. Preservation was very poor and the grains are very puffed and distorted, whilst the seeds are extremely fragmented. Charcoal fragments were abundant in all three samples.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10012,,abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
10013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10014,The soil is extremely acidic leaving no trace of organic remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10015,"Large quantities of plant remains were recovered from both charred and water-logged samples. 2ndC AD deposits included strawberries, elderberries and Prunus sp. (sloes, cherries, plums, etc.), together with fig seeds (probably imported) were found in mineralized human faecal waste (containing the characteristic cereal bran) from the cesspit in Area 4. Remains of black mustard also indicates that the plant may have been cultivated nearby as use as a spice. Hay was recognised in assemblages from the 1st/2ndC AD and the 2ndC AD deposits, perhaps used for foddering, flooring/bedding, or perhaps roofing.",abundant,minor,abundant,abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,moderate,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,75,400
10016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10018,"Most of the wheat remains were either spelt or emmer and though the former was positively identified, the latter was not. The specialist suggests that the charred remains of barley rachis nodes, confirming the presence of 'fine cleaning' waste; the chaff may have been used as a fuel.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
10019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10031,"All charcoal samples were found to be either ash, birch, hazel or oak, all of which are to be found in the vicinity of the kilns at the present day.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
10032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10038,"Two samples from one early Roman pit produced a relatively high quantity of charred plant remains. The samples consisted primarily of emmer wheat grain and glume bases along with some barley remains and occasional finds of oat. The preservation of the triticum grain was very good and whilst some wheat remains could not be fully identified to species, only emmer was certified as present. It was also apparent that the samples represented a single deposit rather than a mixed one.",,abundant,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
10039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10040,"Samples were taken from contexts belonging to Phases 4 (late Iron Age settlement), 5 (early Roman field system) and 7 (later Roman villa phase), all producing large quantities of plant remains. Phase 5 samples included mineralised grape seeds as well as apple/pear remains.",abundant,,abundant,abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,400
10041,A range of crop weeds were present alongside higher quantities of cereals in the corn-dryer.,abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,43,150
10042,"Poppy, blackberry, elder, and coriander were all recovered amongst the water-logged remains.",moderate,,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,400
10043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10048,"Cereals, including wheat, barley and occasional oats were recovered along with arable weeds - knotgrass, dock, poppy and bromes - as well as wild plants - violet, buttercup, sedges and blinks - were all present in small quantities, perhaps indicative of a mixed arable/pastoral landscape. A single vetch/tare and some unidentified legumes have been noted, and it is apparent that samples associated with the 1stC AD display better preservation than those from other areas of the site.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
10049,A single fragment of hazelnut shell was noted.,minor,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
10050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10051,,minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,350
10052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10053,"The Roman corndrier was particularly rich in charred plant remains, approximately 500 seeds were present. Glume bases (including spelt wheat glumes) were noted in 4 contexts, from within the corndrier and the roman ditch fill, though they are not numerous. Chaff such as glume bases, spikelet forks and awns were absent in the Romano- British ditch samples and relatively infrequent in the corn dryer deposits. No germinated grain was observed. Samples from the Roman field ditch contained similar botanical material to that found in the corndrier, perhaps suggesting that the two features were related with regards to cereal processing. It is uncertain whether the dryer was used for pre-storage or malting processes. Non-cereal crops noted include vetch/tare, a single possible Celtic/broad bean and a grape seed. The weed/wild seed assemblages are predominantly of arable origin although they do suggest the presence of grassland and perhaps marsh vegetation in the site vicinity.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
10054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10059,Botanical remains require further analysis.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10060,,minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
10061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10063,Cereal grain and chaff were present as were charred beans/peas. Not fully analysed.,,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,200
10064,"Overall, the charred plant remains and pollen were in a poor to moderate state of preservation. Evidence is mainly based on the infrequent remains of charred grains of wheat and barley. Infrequent elements of chaff were also recorded in a Late Iron Age/Early Roman context. Unfortunately, the glume base and the spikelet fork were in a poor state of preservation and it was impossible to determine if they indicate the presence of emmer or of spelt. Infrequent charred hazelnut shell fragments and hazel pollen may provide evidence for the use of wild plant species. It is possible that much of the round wood, including the fast grown oak roundwood from a ring ditch, was sourced from managed woodland.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
10065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10066,"Environmental samples were taken from a number of charred layer from Roman pit and ditch features. A moderate amount of cereal remains were recovered, mainly spelt chaff from wheat processing, with a few wild seeds normally associated with arable farming. Charred cereal grain was rare. Fragments of hazelnut were also encountered.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
10067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
10068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11001,"Quantities of charred chaff suggest that the material was used as a fuel for the kilns, which were periodically swept out with the residue becoming spread across the site. Evidence for germinating wheat grains was seen in all but one of the 11 samples, and may indicate that malting took place at the site, though this may also have occurred through storage in damp conditions. Oak, maple and blackthorn were also used as firing fuel, though the age of the wood indicates that these did not come from coppiced managements.",abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
11002,"An environmental report is only held in the unpublished assessment report, but suggests that the site may have been local pastureland with possible hay meadows. Only barley and oats were recognised from the Blackwater ditch along with weed seeds.",,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,50,200
11003,"Too few cereal remains were recovered for meaningful interpretation, though a substantial quantity of charcoal was evident.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
11004,"Much of the charred plant remains may be of middle Iron Age date, though the data are treated as Iron Age with one Roman context in the report. Spelt wheat dominates though mixed farming can be identified with relatively high quantities of emmer, bread wheat and barley.",abundant,moderate,moderate,moderate,,moderate,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
11005,One Vicia faba bean and fragments of hazelnut shell were present.,minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
11006,"The remains from straw were seen preserved in a couple of contexts. Charcoal remains from pyre debris included primarily oak, but also ash, hazel, maple, birch and beech.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-40
11007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11008,No data - though see site summary,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11013,The sample from the corn-drier flue yielded evidence of cereals and probable crop weeds. Hazelnut shell was also recovered.,moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,350,425
11014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11019,"Charcoal included the wood species oak, hawthorn, birch, hazel, and willow/poplar.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11023,"Carbonised einkorn wheat was present in Roman deposit, as well as spelt and barley.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
11024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11025,"Weed seeds were present in the sample, though emmer was the only cereal positively identified.",,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
11026,"Samples from Romano-British features produced richer assemblages than both the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age occupation phases. These samples were similarly dominated by glume wheats emmer and spelt, although bread wheat and barley as well as several peas and beans are also evident. The composition of these assemblages suggests that a broader range of both cereal and non-cereal crops were cultivated and used during the Romano-British occupation of the site. Flax was also recorded in two features at the site and it has been noted that this plant may have been cultivated in the near vicinity at this time. The Romano-British samples also differ to those from the prehistoric occupations in that they contain moderate quantities of wheat and oat chaff.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,43,150
11027,"A range of species were recovered suggesting a mixed arable economy was in operation, whilst the large quantity of chaff being deposited, plus the presence of rachis, suggests that a final stage of cereal processing was being carried out at the site, perhaps just prior to storage.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
11028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11029,Hazelnut shell was present.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
11030,"Cabbage, radish, pea, and raspberry/blackberry are all present in small quantities.",minor,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,100
11031,Only prehistoric plant remains were recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11033,A plum stone was identified in the assemblage.,minor,,,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
11034,None of the botanical material could be dated to the Roman period.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11040,"Remains of a opium poppy seed found in the bedding trenches at the A27 excavations is suggestive that this plant was grown in the garden, perhaps for culinary and/or medicinal purposes. Burnt remains of stone pine cones were recovered from excavations at 80 Fishbourne Road, and other stone pine cones were also recovered from samples in the silting of the Roman canal bed south of the southern garden in 1969. These are likely to have been imported from the Mediterranean. Occasional fragments of hazelnut shell, a possible lentil and a grape seed were recovered from the late 1st/2ndC AD oyster gully midden. Faba bean and pea were also present.",minor,,minor,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,43,275
11041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11043,,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,1
11044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11048,"Samples taken, though no detailed analysis carried out at assessment stage.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11049,,abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
11050,,,,,,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
11051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11052,"One context contained a large quantity of burnt cereal remains, primarily chaff. The relative absence of weed seeds suggested that this represented a secondary stage of processing, probably winnowing.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,400
11053,"A small quantity of burnt seeds were recovered, though had yet to be analysed. Large fragments of carbonised wood were recovered.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,400
11054,"Flax and bread wheat are only represent by one specimen each in the late Iron Age samples, but are more common in the Roman samples, as are remains of pea/broad bean. Hazelnut shells were present in samples.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
11055,"The vast majority of the samples were late Roman in date, of which the corndrier sample is included, whilst others were middle Roman or 'Roman'. The majority of seeds and chaff were spelt, and though emmer cannot be ruled out none were positively identified. Club wheat, barley and oat were present in small quantities. Brome, a weed seed characteristic of spelt harvests was relatively common. One fruit stone from hawthorn was identified, and single occurrences of broad bean, pea, and flax were encountered. Many grains in the corndrier were found to be at different stages of sprouting, with many detached parts also present. In one part of the drier, two thirds of the seeds had sprouted (out of c.1500 specimens). The vast majority were spelt, though club, barley and oat all appeared in very small numbers. The assemblages is primarily interpreted as evidence for malting, and it is noted that evidence for wheaten ale as an important late Roman product of cereal agriculture. Fodder is also hinted at as well.",abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,minor,minor,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
11056,"Environmental remains form Nalgo Lodge was not specifically dated in the report, but appears to have been medieval in date.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11057,No data - wrong report supplied,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11064,"247 samples were collected, with charred plant remains present in 64, but most were generally very poorly preserved. The most commonly recorded macrofossil was bread wheat, present in 44 samples, though in very small amounts. 61 samples contained very small numbers of charred cereal grains, many of which were unidentifiable to taxon, though oats, rye, spelt, wheat and barley were all present. Fifteen samples contained abundant cereal grains, again with bread wheat dominating. Chaff fragments featured in 13 samples and sub-samples, in small numbers. The rarity of chaff is a phenomenon which may suggest that the grain was already threshed and winnowed, if not also milled, by the time it reached the site. Another, more indirect, indicator of cereals being used on site is the large proportion of remains of arable weeds that were found in most of the samples. These weeds are generally only found in arable fields, and are doubtless incorporated into domestic occupation samples with crop remains. Grasses, not yet identified any further, are present in small numbers in numerous samples, and these may also have been harvested with the cereal crops. Remains of peas and vetches were also present in small numbers in 13 samples. Charred legumes can represent only food waste, as they do not require parching in the processing sequence utilized in their harvest. Therefore, their only contact with a fire would be during food preparation, and/or deposition of used foodstuffs. The assemblages are quantified by phase, but are predominantly, LIA or ER. Charcoal fragments were present in 242 samples, comprising oak, alder, hazel, ash, and hawthorn/apple/Sorbus-group, indicating a local environment with a relatively wide range of trees and shrubs.",minor,,abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,200
11065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11067,"8 bulk samples produced a botanical assemblage consisting of mixed cereal and non-cereal crop seeds as well as associated weeds. Wheat caryopses were the most frequently identified crop type. Spelt was positively identified, whilst the report suggests other wheat species may also have been present (though was not specific). Barley, oat and various Legumes, such as pea and vetch/tare were also recorded.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
11068,The botanical remains appeared to have been mixed and generally poorly preserved. It was not certain that material could be dated to the Roman period.,,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
11069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11070,"Carbonized remains were identified in only seven out of a total of 38 samples. Two samples contained the remains of cereal grain but at a low density and the remaining five samples contained a few weed seeds again at low density. Charcoal fragments were present in many of the samples, though even when moderate to high in occurrence, most of the charcoal fragments were very small.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,275
11071,Sampling confirmed the presence of a moderate assemblage of charred wood.  The ditch assemblages possibly represent material deriving from several burning events accumulated or deposited over time.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11072,Quantities of carbonised wheat grains came from the well shaft - uncertain if spelt or emmer.,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,325
11073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11074,"No quantification of cereal remains was given, though the ash found on the floor of the drier was observed to include grains of spelt, barley, oats and rye.",minor,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
11075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11080,No environmental sampling carried out.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
11082,Wheat grains were recovered from soot layer from both corn-dryers. Oak charcoal was identified.,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
11083,"One of the few large archaeobotanical assemblages from Sussex (quantified). Barley was the most common cereal grain from the site. Emmer grains occurred in nearly all of the Iron Age contexts. Spelt and free-threshing wheat grains were rarer, but more prominent in Roman samples. Oats, Celtic bean and pea were all present. Weed seeds and grasses were recovered, as were hazelnut remains. Charcoal included oak and hazel/alder.",minor,moderate,minor,abundant,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
11084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12001,"45 samples were taken from RB contexts for environmental analysis, together producing 351 litres. The site was very waterlogged and provided good conditions for the survival of both charred and waterlogged botanical remains. The Romano-British assemblage is said to represent a significant change in the character of the archaeobotanical remains from the site. The analysis suggests that cereal processing was taking place in some concentration at the site, with much of the waste being burnt and deposited in pits. Evidence for non-cereal crops were rare, though some weed species were present including stinking mayweed. Hemlock and henbane were also represented, both usually associated with nitrogen-rich, often damp habitats, such as middens. Some fruits were present, including a plum stone.",abundant,minor,minor,abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
12002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12004,"Samples from the base of the vertical flues of the corndrier produced a large number of charred grain, mostly spelt (c.80%) but also barley (c.20%). From the floor and drying end of the dryer the evidence indicates that it was used for drying wheat grain in spikelet form following harvest. Some of the grain had sprouted, but in too low a quantity to suggest that it was used for malting, at least in the final firing deposit. Assemblage quantified.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
12005,Alder was used for the worked wood. A few grains of spelt and barley were found in the RB 'arable' layer.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,425
12006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12007,"Five out of 40 samples contained cereal grain, and only one context provided a sample which could be positively identified as wheat. It is uncertain, due to poor preservation, whether this was spelt.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,200
12008,"Only three samples contained charred plant remains, mostly poorly preserved.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12009,"The plant remains quantified from a Roman ditch were greatly dominated by barley. Semi-cleaned grain predominated this sample. Minimal finds of emmer, spelt, and bread wheat and oats are likely to have been weeds. Waterlogged remains from another ditch produced small quantities of other cultivated plants, including coriander and flax.",minor,minor,minor,abundant,minor,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,400
12010,"Despite the quantity of processed soil and the number of pits in the enclosure sampled, comparatively few charred plant remains were recovered for analysis. Whilst such pits were commonly used as grain stores, these were surprisingly sterile, with little charred grain, animal bone or pottery. Where present, proportions of grain, chaff and seeds appeared comparatively equal. Stinking mayweed suggests the cultivation of damp ground. A few rich deposits from the enclosure ditch meant that the feature was far more productive for plant remains. Some were found associated with the dismantled kiln dumped in the ditch terminal. Oat chaff is very well represented from the enclosure ditch fills, though these remains could have been over-represented by heavily fragmented awns. Assemblage quantified.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
12011,No charred plant material was recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12012,"Samples produced minimal amounts of charred plant remains. Elder and blackberry may have been hedgerow plants, whilst the fruits can be eaten or used in dying. Watercress may have been gathered and eaten.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
12013,Only a few uncleaned grains of each species was recovered from four samples out of a total of 16.,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
12014,Only single grains were recovered.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
12015,A few charred grains were recovered but could not be identified.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12016,Only a few grains and chaff fragments were recovered.,,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
12017,Only medieval material detailed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12018,"Despite 125 samples being taken, only occasional grains were observed and although charcoal was present, little carbonised cereal material was recovered.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
12019,"An Iron Age cremation burial contained some charred remains, including spelt/emmer and free-threshing wheat and oats. Otherwise, charred plant remains were minimal despite the processing of a number of samples",minor,,minor,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
12020,"The assessed samples contained few charred cereal remains, apart from one pit which produced abundant cereal grains (over 100), chaff and weed seeds.",abundant,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,20,125
12021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12023,"A total of 42 bulk samples taken for charred plant remains, with only one sample rich enough for analysis - a deposit within the early Roman field system, which was rich in emmer/spelt wheat grains and glume bases. Emmer and spelt identified in equal amounts. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,moderate,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
12024,"Only four fragments of cereal grain was recovered from a relatively large RB sample, though barley was also identified from the LIA sample. Of this, only one spelt glume base was identified to species. The waterlogged remains included a large amount of material relating to the waterholes and surrounding areas (see site summary).",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
12025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12028,"Contexts included similar proportions of grain, chaff and weed seeds. However, it was not certain whether the material was Roman or medieval.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12029,"Cereal remains were recovered from a 1stC AD ditch and the two putative corndriers. Preservation was poor. Only wheat and barley was found in the corndriers, though none had germinated. Wheat and barley and a few oats were recovered from the ditch. Assemblage quantified.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,400
12030,"The cereal assemblage was poorly preserved. There was a total absence of chaff. The wheat remains are assumed to be spelt, since emmer and free-threshing species could not be identified from the grain alone.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
12031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12036,Hazel and ash charcoal was found in the infilling of the Triclinium hypocaust.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12038,"36 bulk samples were taken but very few charred plant remains were recovered. Only one grain of wheat was recovered, a grain of barley and some weed seeds. No cereal processing was undertaken at the site.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
12039,"Charred plant remains only derived from the late Roman pit group. The remains were minimal in quantity and spelt was the only cereal species identified. Some herbaceous plants were identified, as was sedge, a wetland species.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,350,425
12040,"89 bulk samples were taken, which typically produced a low density of material. Some waste material was present, though the specialist suggests that cereal processing was unlikely to have been undertaken at or near the site. Chaff may have been used as fuel.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
12041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12042,"No cereal remains were recovered from sample. Charcoal specimens did not survive well, and mainly derived from the cremation deposits.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
12043,"The archaeo-botanic data derived from the oven fills indicate that the landscape during the late Roman and post-Roman periods was characterised by patchy scrub woodland dominated by Birch, Whitebeam and brambles. This strongly suggests a contraction in the extent of cultivated land, with colonising species encroaching onto abandoned fields.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
12044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12045,Samples contained very few cereal grains - not identified.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12046,"A significant volume of burnt barley and wheat was recovered from several features, including all of the 3rdC AD aligned Roman pits, as well as the Iron Age storage pit. A high percentage of the burnt grains included evidence for sprouting, and are suggesting of malting. An early Roman posthole also contained a significant volume of well preserved wheat grain, typical of stored material. Cereal grains, chaff and seeds of common weed species were present in varying densities in all but one sample. Preservation was variable, though some samples produced grains which were extremely well preserved. Oat, barley  and wheat  grains were recorded from all bar one sample with wheat being generally predominant, though two assemblages contained a higher proportion of barley. Wheat grains were commonly identified as spelt. Six-row barley were noted within samples. Seeds of common segetal weeds were recorded from fourteen samples. Small fragments of hazel nutshell were recorded from three samples and a possible hawthorn fruit stone was recovered from one sample.",abundant,,,moderate,,,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
12047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12048,"Fourteen samples of sediment were taken from the site, though seed survival was particularly poor and only one sample contained an identified specimen of cotton thistle. Small amounts of charcoal were present.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,175
12049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12050,"There were very few charred cereal remains in the samples. Most of the remains comprised of either single or a few poorly preserved unidentified cereal remains. Only one pit produced more than a few cereal remains, from which grains and glume bases of hulled wheat, emmer or spelt, as well as barley could be identified. A few seeds of wild species were found.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,250
12051,"33 samples were taken for analysis, 23 of which produced charred plant remains, though poorly preserved. Barley was the most commonly occurring identifiable cereal grain, present in eleven of the samples. Wheat was also present in four of the samples; neither spelt or emmer was positively identified. It is important to note that the majority of cereal grains recovered from this site were indeterminate, though it is likely though that the identified proportion reflects the relative frequency of which they were cultivated on the site. Little chaff was identified which might suggest processing.",minor,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
12052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12054,"8 samples were taken from LIA/ER contexts. The charred plant assemblages recovered were generally similar in composition with moderate to high numbers of cereal remains and smaller amounts of weed seeds. The richest assemblage from a ditch fill included mainly cereal grain and glume fragments of hulled wheat of both emmer and spelt. A few possible grains of barley also came from this ditch and a hearth feature. The large quantity of cereal remains recorded in a Romano-British pit comprised grain fragments of hulled wheat and barley and glume fragments of hulled wheat, including those of spelt. Hawthorn stone fragments were also recovered. The mix of emmer wheat and spelt wheat is apparently unusual for the Upper and Middle Thames Valley after the Bronze Age. Assemblage only coarsely quantified at this stage. The charcoal appeared to be mainly mature wood fragments, with a few round wood fragments.",abundant,abundant,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-150,100
12055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12057,"Eleven samples were analysed, mostly from the large enclosure ditches of the middle-late Iron Age and Roman periods. The charred plant remains included occasional cereal grains of barley and wheat. One context produced more than 50 charred hazelnut shells and a Prunus sp. (blackthorn/cherry) stone. Charcoal preservation was variable.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
12058,"A number of samples were taken from across the site, though the only feature to produce relatively higher quantities of burnt plant material (other than charcoal) was the central boundary ditch. Spelt dominated the assemblage, with very small numbers of emmer and oat. The charred remains have been quantified. The ratio of charcoal to cereals was quite high, mostly oak, perhaps signifying an industrial process being carried out at the site, though the specific activity was not identified.",abundant,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
12059,"A LIA/ER single sample only contained a few charred weed seeds. One of the five samples from Romano-British features contained very high numbers of charred grain fragments, charred chaff fragments and charred weed seeds. The Roman samples indicate more residential and domestic activity close to the excavated ring ditch (roundhouse?). Full post-ex yet to be carried out.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
12060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12061,Samples from ditches were taken though little material and no cereal remains was recovered. Oak charcoal was recovered from the cremation deposit.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
12062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
12063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13001,"Samples taken from late Roman deposits, including charred and waterlogged remains. Cereal debris predominated many samples, especially spelt glume bases. Large quantity of chaff and loose coleoptile shoots from a 2nd C corn-drying oven (all spelt, except a few barley rachis fragments and some club wheat). The large number of embryo sprouts and high % of germinated grain suggests malting. Flax present in small quantities. Also many seeds of plum, celery, coriander, cabbage, caper, and summer savory. This indicates large scale horticultural production. Possible imported food in a waterlogged cone of pinus pinea.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,minor,minor,minor,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,100,400
13002,Samples from a late Iron Age/early Roman ditch contained some spelt/emmer grains and chaff. Also elderberry and Celtic bean.,moderate,minor,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
13003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13006,"Charred plant remains from late Roman corndrier analysed. High concentrations of charred cereal remains - dominated by spelt chaff. Also barley, and some oat.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
13007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13009,"Charred plant remains from within the 2nd C corndrier near to the settlement. Dominated by spelt glume bases, with a limited quantity of oats.",moderate,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,200
13010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13015,"Forty nine samples were taken with oat, barley and wheat grains recorded. Of wheat grains, most spelt/emmer. Chaff was very rare, but mostly comprised spelt glume bases and one possible emmer glume base. Molluscs indicate an open landscape.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,400
13016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13017,"Waterlogged plant remains from a 3rd C pond/waterhole included those which may have been cultivated: black mustard, bullace, cherry, plum, celery, coriander, summer savory and caper. Also flax. Charred remains from 1st C AD samples included abundant spelt wheat grains and chaff in addition to barley and bread wheat plus emmer glume bases. 2nd C samples also produced a grain of emmer wheat and 3rd/4th C samples produce more spelt and increased barley and oats. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,1,400
13018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13019,"Thirty-four bulk samples were taken during the main phase of excavation. Most of the samples contained cereal remains, comprised predominately of spelt wheat glume bases. None of the samples were exceptionally rich. On a few occasions spikelet forks and glume bases of emmer were present. Grains of free-threshing wheat were present in a few samples. The cereal remains appeared to had been stored on site and dehusked prior to use and consumption. Also seeds of flax.",moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,325
13020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13021,"89 bulk samples taken during the excavation. Cereal grains made up the bulk (63%) of the charred remains, with cereal chaff accounting for 22% and other, mainly wild plants accounting for 15%. Overall dominated by spelt, with  some free threshing wheat and very limited emmer.  Also limited barley and oats, and minor evidence for flax.  Samples from a late Roman corndrier were nearly all spelt grains with limited chaff. A large number of uncharred fruit seeds (including grape, fig, blackberry/ raspberry and possible strawberry) came from early Roman cremation burials. Two ten litre soil samples were processed from the evaluation. Small amounts of cereal grains were observed including spelt and emmer and barley.  Also limited evidence for pulses. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,moderate,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
13022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13026,A single bulk sample of 15 litres was taken from a Roman-British drip gully or foundation trench. The sample contained numerous remains of cereals. Of these by far the most abundant element were glumes of emmer or spelt with spelt dominating. Cereal grains were less numerous and only spelt was present. Other cereal remains included coleoptiles that clearly came from germinated grains.,abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
13027,"Late Iron Age and Roman samples dominated by cereal grains, though chaff dominated by the glumes of spelt wheat. Also minor emmer wheat (from LIA only), bread wheat and possible rye, barley and cultivated pea and Celtic bean.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
13028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13029,"Cereal grains/chaff and seeds of common weeds are present within two of the four assemblages studied, including oat and wheat  grains and wheat chaff. Of the identifiable wheat grains, most are spelt  and spelt glume bases are also abundant. Possible evidence for malting in detached cereal sprouts and germinated grains.",abundant,,,,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
13030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13032,"Fifty-three bulk samples processed for the assessment of charred plant remains. The four samples taken from the enclosure ditch produced high numbers of hulled wheat glumes, but little grain. Other samples (inc. corndrier) were very rich in cereal grains, glumes, coleoptiles of spelt and weed seeds, with some grains of barley. Many of the grains showed clear signs of germination. It is suggested that while some deposits represent dumps of waste from the dehusking of malted grain, that from the oven contains either germinated malted spikelets of spelt or possibly even spelt grain. Some bread wheat grains noted, along with evidence for beet and apple. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
13033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13035,"Two early Roman samples (from a cremation burial and a ditch) produced high quantities of plant remains. The highest concentration came from the ditch sample, which had much charred cereal remains with a high ratio of chaff to grain. Hulled wheats dominated with spelt being the main crop (a ratio of 6:1 with emmer). Barley also present in small quantities, along with oat awn fragments.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
13036,"In the late Iron Age/early Roman samples the density of plant material was very low (reflective of a pastoral economy?), although some (spelt?) wheat processing was occurring. Further cereal processing in the early Roman period (and indications of burnt hay), while evidence for more intensive arable cultivation and processing in the middle/later Roman period, with samples from the corndrier, stone-lined well and elsewhere. The corn drier samples are strongly dominated by cereal chaff (especially of spelt wheat). Some detached cereal grain sprouts were noted but thought to indicate spoiled grain. Oat, barley, bread wheat and rye also recorded in the assessment.",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,1,400
13037,"Twelve samples from Roman features, the richest in the late Roman samples. The archaeobotanical remains  all contain possible bread and spelt wheat, vetches and arable weeds including stinking chamomile. Spelt glume bases are only from late Roman samples.",moderate,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
13038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13050,"None samples produced minimal evidence for charred plant remains, including barley, spelt, emmer and bread wheat.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
13051,Minimal barley and spelt wheat identified from samples.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,75
13052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13054,"A total of 14 samples investigated, with charred grains of oats and especially grains and chaff of spelt wheat from corn driers.",abundant,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
13055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13056,"Charred plant remains from late Iron Age and Roman contexts revealed bread wheat to be the main taxon in all periods, with barley and spelt wheat also cultivated and oats and vetch possibly cultivated.",moderate,,abundant,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
13057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13065,"Evidence for extensive arable cultivation in vicinity of site, though relatively few samples produced abundant cereal grain or chaff. Dominated by spelt, but also barley, oats and rye. Also present were hops, probably using in brewing. Also grape pips from early Roman samples - imported? Quantified data.",abundant,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
13066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13069,"Charcoal from the kilns mostly comprised oak, then some beech, hazel and poplar.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,175
13070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13072,The recovery of limited spelt wheat and barley testify to cultivation of some of the fields.,moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
13073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13074,Two samples of charred plant remains from the corndriers. Both contained spelt wheat grains and chaff and barley grain. A large portion of the grain showed signs of germination and detached cereal sprouts present - evidence for malting.,abundant,,,moderate,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
13075,"Only one sample rich enough to analyse. A small quantity of cereal grain was recovered, but in general this sample is dominated by weed seeds, especially vetch/vetchling - either intentionally grown as a fodder crop, or a weed of a cereal crop which was subsequently removed. During the 1st century, the southern part of the site was wooded. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the tree clearance occurred sometime between to the late 1st and mid 3rd centuries.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
13076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13078,"Charred remains were found in 128 samples, dominated by cereal remains, particularly chaff, although grain was well-represented in some samples. Two crops predominated: spelt wheat and six-row hulled barley. The quantity of remains suggests large-scale activity, including malting. Emmer wheat was represented by single glumes in three samples. Five internodes of bread wheat type rachis found within three samples, but only two grains of free-threshing wheat were identified. Oats also found in low concentrations along with pea. Some of the wheat grains in certain samples had germinated and many samples with high concentrations of chaff also contained detached sprouted cereal embryos. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,abundant,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
13079,"A few wheat, barley and indeterminate cereal grains came from Roman ditches.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
13080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13081,Three samples were taken for the recovery of ecofacts - cereal grains and weed seeds found but not identified.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
13082,"A total of 56 bulk samples taken, mostly of Roman date. In general charred plant remains are rare and there is only evidence for spelt wheat amongst the cereal crops.  Remains of cereal chaff, grain and charred peas found in a small ceramic vessel associated with the late Roman building.",moderate,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
13083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
13087,"Samples from the 2nd-3rd C AD well contained low densities of charred cereal grains and chaff - wheat, barley and oats, with a few glume bases of spelt identified. The well is dominated by seeds of grassland herbs.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
13088,"Nine environmental samples were taken, four from Roman ditches. The plant remains from all of these features were present in very small quantities and were poorly preserved.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
13089,"A series of 53 bulk samples were taken. Many contained very high numbers of grain (including bread wheat and ?barley, but also rye/oats) and most were accompanied with moderate quantities of charred chaff and weed seeds; the majority were from Romano-British contexts. A relatively high number of glume bases were noted amongst the chaff",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
13090,"Nine samples for the retrieval of the plant macrofossil assemblages were taken from cremation deposits, pit and ditch fills, and from the mortuary structure ditches; plant macrofossils were exceedingly scarce, with minimal cereal remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
14001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14002,"The palynological evidence appears to show a predominantly dryland environment during the 2nd century with little woodland. Occasional tidal inundation is indicated from later 2nd/3rd C. Although some cereal type grains were also recorded there was no supporting evidence for 2nd C arable cultivation from charred cereal remains. The presence of processing waste from late Roman features, including glume bases of spelt wheat, indicates some production in vicinity.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
14003,"The environment around the ditch was open, free of trees and dominated by grassy communities. All upper ditch layers produced charcoal and assemblages of charred cereal grain, chaff and weeds. Concentrations of cereal grain (wheat and barley) were low in most contexts. Glume bases and spikelet forks  confirm the presence of spelt wheat and also grain and glumes of free-threshing bread wheat. A few oat grains were also present. Evidence for different stages of crop processing. A single charred Celtic bean. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
14004,"Although grains were sparse, there is ample evidence in the form of glume bases for hulled wheat emmer/spelt. Assemblage represents domestic activities centred on the processing of grain.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
14005,A single sample produced ample evidence of glume bases for hulled wheat including an identifiable glume fragment of spelt wheat. Barley  also was only identified.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
14006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14007,The only remains identified consisted of a single charred grain of wheat  from a pit.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
14008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14010,Charcoal data suggests common oak and hazel woodland along with heathland.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
14011,"Samples from the Roman features south of Church Road revealed evidence for charred cereal grain (bread wheat, spelt wheat, barley and oats) and chaff of spelt, emmer, bread, barley and oats. Quantified assemblage. Also vetch/bean/pea and hazelnut.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
14012,"Samples from 1st C AD features contained low concentrations of cereal grains and chaff (generally more grain than chaff). Cereals included barley, emmer, spelt and bread wheat.  Also seed of opium poppy. Weeds suggest grassland flora. Quantified assemblage.",minor,minor,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
14013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14024,"Waterlogged samples from a late first century wattle-lined well produced cereal chaff and carbonised grains (emmer and spelt) along with flax seeds. Samples from a 2nd-3rd C AD well produced evidence for coriander, walnut, hazel and plum as well as arable weed seeds. The charred cereal evidence shows a change from emmer and spelt wheats grown at the end of the 1st C AD to the introduction of bread wheat and other crops between then and the end of the Roman period. Chaff and weed seeds are evidence of the growing and processing of such crops, and the seeds of Celtic bean, found in the ash of a 3rd C hearth, add to the list of known cultivars.",abundant,minor,moderate,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,250
14025,"A total of four bulk environmental samples taken from 1990s excavation, with very good preservation of charred plant material. The plant assemblages are overwhelmingly dominated by seeds of barley, with Spelt wheat very much a secondary component. Also rye and legumes (garden pea and lentil).",moderate,,,abundant,minor,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
14026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14031,"During the LIA-early Roman period, evidence for emmer, spelt, bread wheat, barley and oats. During the mid Roman phase, similar ranges of crops, along with Celtic beans and flax. Also pear, damson, blackberry, celery and coriander gown near the domestic core. A stone pine cone was recovered from a waterhole. During the late Roman period, a similar range of crops appears except no evidence for bread wheat. Also damson, celery, fennel, carrot and coriander. Evidence for late Roman bee keeping. Evidence suggests extensive hay meadows in vicinity during middle and possibly late Roman period. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,1,400
14032,"Twenty bulk samples taken for charred plant remains, with the only useful sample coming from a 2nd C ditch, which contained many charred crop processing remains, particularly grain and weed seeds. Spelt wheat predominated amongst the identified grain and chaff but hulled barley was also present. Only one wheat grain from corndrier (but much charcoal), suggesting different use than cereal processing,",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
14033,"Four samples taken, with evidence for wheat and barley grains and chaff.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
14034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14035,"A total of 57 samples from the 1980s excavations (charred and waterlogged) produced limited evidence for spelt wheat, barley and oats (grains and chaff).  The 120 samples from the 2003-4 excavations produced similarly small quantities of cereals, with limited spelt grain and chaff and slightly higher quantities of barley grain.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,120
14036,"A sampling programme is attested in the interim excavation reports from  1991 (4th C AD pits), with evidence for charred cereal grain, weeds and chaff occurring in most samples. Dominated by charred grain, mostly identified as spelt. Oat grains also occur in some number, along with some barley. Large quantity of weed seed with the grain.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
14037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14038,"The only remains recovered were several grains of hulled wheat, emmer or spelt.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
14039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14041,"Samples from five features, with cereal grains the most frequent remains - some identified as spelt and a few as emmer. Spelt chaff recorded Also barley and oats.  Analysis of charred plant remains from late Iron Age pits suggests site was consuming rather than producing grain - high proportion of grain to weeds. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
14042,"A late Iron Age-early Roman sample was rich in cereal processing waste, with equal emmer and spelt chaff, a little barley and cereal grains.",moderate,moderate,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
14043,"Two samples from ditches contained low quantities of cereal processing waste and domestic waste - all identified chaff was from spelt. Also minimal barley, oats and bread wheat.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
14044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14045,"Most samples produced low concentrations of charred plant material. Evidence for wheat and barley cereal grains and chaff, including well preserved spelt glume bases and spikelet forks.  Also evidence for bread wheat grains. Many charred weed seeds with the cereal components in two pits. Quantified assemblage. Charcoal assemblage indicates a range of deciduous woodland, used as fuel for metalworking.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,150
14046,"A total of 15 samples taken, with 3 fully analysed. Cereal grains comprise wheat, oat, bread wheat and rye, with large quantities of spelt wheat glume bases. Small quantities of bread wheat rachis, rye rachis and oat awn fragments. Also evidence for hazelnut and cabbage. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,moderate,minor,minor,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,200
14047,"A sample for charred plant remains taken from a late Roman corndrier. Mostly comprised wheat grains, with spelt most dominant, though with some emmer and bread wheat.",abundant,minor,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,360
14048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14051,"Limited charred plant remains from 211 samples. One sample from a 3rd C ditch contained much cereal grain and chaff. All identifiable grain was spelt, with some hulled barley. The chaff comprised spelt glume bases. Much of the grain showed signs of germination and some had sprouted - possible evidence for malting? Another 2md-3rd C sample contained spelt grain and chaff. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
14052,No evidence for plant remains. Insect remains from the settlement suggest dry open ground and evidence for animals (dung beetles). Indications that hay was brought into the enclosure from salt pastures or water meadows for fodder.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,100,300
14053,"Low quantities of charred plant remains, including one sample of chaff probably representing the early stages of crop processing. Other samples have small quantities of oats and rye.",,,,,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
14054,"Thirteen samples from middle to late Roman contexts, six of which comprised the mid Roman corndrier. Only 3 samples produced substantial quantities of cereal grains including the corndrier with 46.9% grain, 22.8% chaff and 10.7% weed/wild plants. Hulled barley and spelt identified. Most other samples heavily dominated by chaff, with most glume bases identified as spelt. One possible emmer (though uncertain) and one bread wheat. The presence of corncockle and stinking chamomile indicates cultivation of heavier soils. Plants of grassland and damp ground most frequent.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,375
14055,Waterlogged plants and insects indicate damp open grassland with the presence of animals.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
14056,"Two samples analysed for charred plant remains from LIA/early Roman features. Indeterminate wheat grain and chaff identified from LIA ditch, while barley and a single spelt spikelet fork identified from 2nd C AD cremation burial, along with indeterminate wheat grain and chaff.  Molluscan evidence indicates dry open grassland.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
14057,"Eight samples taken from the ditches, with charred plants including hulled wheat, barley and occasional weed seeds. Nothing to indicate arable production on any scale. Evidence from molluscs for a woodland environment around the site, with indications of later clearance perhaps associated with road construction.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
14058,"Seven samples taken from ditches for charred plant remains. Cereal remains comprise wheat, including bread wheat, and barley. Molluscan evidence indicated a woodland environment.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
14059,Molluscan samples indicated surrounding dry open country.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
14060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14061,Charred cereal remains (grains and chaff) and weed seeds found in late Roman corndrier. Cereal identified as spelt wheat with some bread wheat. Also some oats.,abundant,,minor,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
14062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14070,"The samples from the 2000-1 excavation in the upper court (late Roman) revealed a small amount of charred grain, mostly emmer wheat, with some spelt and barley. A sample from the lower south wing (probably early 5th C) also contained mostly emmer, with some spelt and barley and single grains of oat and rye.",moderate,abundant,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,420
14071,The only identifiable charred seed from an early Roman context is a single fragment of oat. Another fragment of cereal grain was too damaged to be identified further.,,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
14072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14087,No data from Roman contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14088,"Samples taken from late Roman corndrier in the villa, with spelt grains by far the most common, along with a few grains of bread wheat. One sample contained a few grains of oats and barley.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,380,420
14089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14090,"A total of 93 samples taken from Roman features for charred remains. They were dominated by hulled wheat, especially spelt grain and glume bases. No evidence for emmer, though 2 rachis nodes of bread wheat found. Barley is found in similar quantities to spelt in mid Roman samples but only slight amounts during the late Roman period. A few oat grains also found. The remains from the corndrier are very chaff rich, probably used for fuel. It also suggests this structure was used for de-husking of glume wheats prior to consumption or storage. Also some evidence for malting of spelt wheat from sprouted grains in a mid Roman pit. The weeds indicate open grassland and possible hay meadows in vicinity. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,175,380
14091,Charred wheat grain found with the male skeleton.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,50
14092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14093,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14094,"A total of 53 samples taken, including from the corndriers. Weeds seeds suggest open cultivated land and grassland. No identification of cereal types.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,420
14095,Samples from the 3rd C AD corndrier produced some evidence for spelt wheat grains and chaff. Several grains were sprouted.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
14096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14097,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14098,"Evidence for the production of charcoal from managed/coppiced woodlands, mostly Oak and Hazel.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
14099,"Sixty samples were taken largely from the fills of ditches, channels and pits. Charred plant remains were present in virtually all the samples, although generally in small quantities with low concentrations of material. Cereal remains ? grains (34%) and chaff (52%) ? made up the bulk of the quantified material (mainly hulled wheat, most identified as spelt, with a few emmer; also free-threshing wheat and barley and oats), with wild plants/weed seeds accounting for the other 14%. Quantified assemblage. Most of the cereal remains are indicative of the final stages of crop cleaning and food preparation. The presence of hay meadow may also be tentatively suggested by charred seeds of buttercups, vetch/tare/vetchling, cinquefoils and grasses with relatively large numbers of small grass seeds. The bulk of the ?waterlogged? plant assemblages suggest the presence of mainly damp grassland/wet pasture, with possibly some evidence for hay meadow.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,120,350
14100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14101,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14102,"Four samples taken, including charred cereal remains from one grave. No identification.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,150
14103,"The plant remains are generally indicative of open grassland and highly suggestive of hay meadows in the vicinity, or at least that much hay was brought into the site. Edible plants include celery, apples, blackberries, and mullberries, which may have been imported. Minimal cereal remains comprised glume base of hulled wheat and oat floret.",minor,,,,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,25,420
14104,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14108,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14110,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14111,Sparse remains from the late Roman ditch included grains of barley and bread wheat.,,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
14112,Charred remains comprised a few grains of free-threshing wheat and a single carbonized pea. The mollusc samples indicate short open grassland with local flooding,,,minor,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
14113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14114,"Eleven samples taken from the pits, with generally a low concentration of charred plant remains, including weeds, cereal chaff and grain. Wheat (spelt glume bases identified), barley and oats comprise the cereal remains. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,1
14115,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14116,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14117,"The crops identified consisted of spelt wheat with smaller amounts of oat, barley and emmer/spelt wheat. Cereal chaff identified included large amounts of spelt and indeterminate glume bases and a possible barley rachis internode, culm node. Also hazelnut. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
14118,"A total of 89 bulk soil samples was processed and assessed for plant macrofossil and charcoal remains. Two environmental samples taken from a late Iron Age/early Roman pit contained crop-processing plant remains dominated by spelt wheat, though also with smaller amounts of oat, barley and emmer. Weed seeds consisted of those indicative of an arable environment. The later 1st-early 3rd C samples include a large assemblage of cereals recovered from the crop dryer, dominated by spelt wheat with small numbers of oat and barley. The only change from the earlier pit assemblage is the absence of emmer wheat. Other deliberately cultivated crops include pea, broad bean and vetches. Cereal chaff recovered in any volume from Roman features is restricted to that from the crop dryer, where the quantities suggest cereal processing is being carried out.",abundant,minor,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,225
14119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14120,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14121,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14123,"Samples revealed a single glume base, identified as either emmer or spelt wheat, along with oat grains, two wheat cereal grains and a barley grain. Oak and hazel are common species found in archaeological charcoal deposits, with possible indication of coppicing.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,350
14124,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14125,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14126,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14127,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14128,No charred remains from the samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14129,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14130,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14131,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14132,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14133,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14134,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14135,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14136,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14137,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14138,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14139,"samples taken from a range of late Roman features - drain fills, gullies, occupation layers and pits. Limited grains of wheat, barley and oats along with some wheat glume bases, and rich assemblages of grassland wild plant taxa, suggested as representing hay. Quantified assemblage",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,250,400
14140,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14141,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14142,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14143,"Samples from the tertiary fill of the ditch suggested burnt marsh-hay may have been present. From other RB samples, Bread wheat was most common cereal. Also oats, barley and emmer/spelt. Large legume fragment possibly Broad bean or Garden pea was noted",minor,,moderate,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,250,400
14144,"A single sample taken. Identified charred plant remains included arable crops such as Barley and Wheat, food crops such as legumes and a range of wild and cultivar weed types.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
14145,"Samples from late Roman field ditches included remains of barley, glume wheat, oat, broad bean and pea.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
14146,"Four samples were taken and contained small quantities of charred plant remains - rare cereal remains, including broken glume and spikelet bases of spelt/emmer. Pea and vetch (Pisum/Vicia) were also noted",minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
14147,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14148,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14149,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14150,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14151,"Four small samples from the late 2nd-early 3rd C AD corndrier produced a small sample of charred plant remains, consistent with the use of the dryer for roasting or drying hulled wheat grain prior to storage, milling or malting. The lesser amount of chaff appears to have been used as fuel. Both spelt and emmer identified on the basis of chaff, but the poor preservation meant the relative importance of each could not be ascertained. A small number of grains had germinated but not enough to suggest malting. Also a small number of barley grains and pulses (broad/Celtic bean).",moderate,moderate,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
14152,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14153,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14154,"Severn samples, with limited poorly preserved wheat and a single broad bean.",minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
14155,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14156,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14157,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14158,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14159,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14160,"Five samples taken from 2nd-3rd c contexts in an aisled building. Only one contained cereal remains in abundance, including oat awns, barley grains, and free-threshing wheat, along with minor spelt.",minor,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
14161,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14162,"Twelve bulk environmental soil samples were collected for charred plant remains, which were in general very limited - small quantities of poorly preserved glume wheat grain and glume wheat chaff, along with a small number of barley grains.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
14163,"Samples from 29 deposits, with plant macrofossil remains poorly preserved in the majority. The exceptions included a dump of charred wood and grain fragments, probably representing fully cleaned and processed crop material. The identifiable cereal grain was dominated by emmer or spelt wheat, with spelt wheat chaff identified. Also barley and flax in low numbers. Quantified assemblage. Pollen reflected a mixture of meadowland and grassland species.",moderate,,,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
14164,"Nineteen environmental samples were taken during the excavation. The cereal remains were few in the Iron Age contexts - a small number of hulled barley grains and a glumed wheat grain.  Both wheat and hulled barley grains were identified from Roman deposits, along with oat. Also garden pea. Six samples from the evaluation revealed carbonised plant remains including spelt wheat chaff, a little cereal grain and some weed seeds.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
14165,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14166,A single carbonised spelt glume base and two unidentifiable carbonised cereal grains from samples.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
14167,A Roman sample contained an abundant and moderately well preserved plant macrofossil assemblage including spelt and barley cereal grains and spelt glume bases - cereal processing waste that had been subsequently burnt and discarded. There were also small numbers of carbonised hazelnut shells.,moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
14168,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14169,"No evidence for charred cereals from Roman contexts. Waterlogged plant remains from a waterhole suggests an open grassland environment, with evidence for pasture. Also clear indicators for the presence of grazing herbivores from the dung beetles. The find of Pinus pinea (stone pine) in the Romano-British cremation is the only confirmed exotic.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
14170,"Seven bulk samples were taken for the recovery of charred plant remains - Just three of the samples contained cereal grain: one was rich in grain identified as emmer wheat (grain was found in combination with glume bases, suggesting that the grains were carbonised as complete spikelets).",,moderate,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
14171,"Seven bulk soil samples were collected from a variety of deposits, but only one deposit from a Roman ditch was rich in charred remains, strongly dominated by cereal chaff, accounting for 72.9% of all identifications made (cereal crop processing waste re-used as fuel?). In cases where it was possible to identify to species level the majority of chaff was spelt. Indeterminate wheat grain is the cereal most frequently identified, some clearly germinated. Nearly as many detached sprouts, or coleoptiles, as grain were recovered - possible evidence for malting.",moderate,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,250
14172,"Eight samples were collected for the recovery of charred plant remains, with 3 producing mixtures of cereal grain, cereal chaff and weed and wild plant seeds. Those grain taxa that could be identified were either barley or indeterminate wheat. Spelt wheat glume bases and free-threshing type rachis nodes were observed. Also several charred broad beans and possible pea. Environmental and sedimentary evidence from the Roman ditches indicates brackish conditions within an open landscape.",moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,400
14173,"Two samples were examined, both from the tile kiln, with only a few cereal remains, including a grain of spelt wheat and some glume bases. The dominant remains in this sample were fruits and thorns of hawthorn and some bramble.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
14174,"Six bulk samples were taken from Iron Age and Romano-British features. The Iron Age samples contained only two unidentified wheat grains and a single grain of oats. Samples from Roman features produced grains, glumes and spikelet forks of hulled wheats, some identified as spelt and one tentatively identified as emmer. The snails were predominately of open country land.",moderate,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
14175,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14176,Pollen evidence suggests open ground. Cereal grains present in some of the pits but no further details.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
14177,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14178,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14179,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14180,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14181,"Five samples produced small quantities of wheat, barley and oats.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
14182,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14183,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14184,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14185,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14186,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14187,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
14188,"A low level of environmental remains was recorded, consisting of occasional charred cereal grain (unidentified grain, and wheat or barley), and weed seeds.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
14189,"A total of three bulk samples were taken, with high numbers of cereal remains recovered in all three samples. These remains included barley grain fragments and hulled wheat, emmer or spelt, grain, glume base and spikelet fork fragments. Some of the glume bases were identifiable as being those of spelt. Also Celtic bean and moderately high numbers of weed seeds. The assemblages are typical of general settlement activities and crop processing waste.",abundant,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
15001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15003,"Charcoal found in the waster dumps included oak, hazel, and hawthorn.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15005,"Remains of fruit and seeds were recovered from four pit and well features dating from the late 3rdC to the mid-4thC AD. Cultivated plants included cherries, plums, walnut, and coriander. Apple and bullace may have been cultivated or wild. Edible wild fruits were also abundant in the sample, including sloe, blackberry, elder, rose, hawthorn and hazel perhaps reflect seasonal gathering. Bilberry, a heathland plant, must have come from further afield",,,,,,,abundant,,,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,275,350
15006,"Plant remains mainly derived from the upper layers of pits. Barley was best represented, then spelt wheat. The presence of cereal waste suggests that crop processing was taking place on or near the site. Chaff may have been stored as fuel too.",abundant,minor,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
15007,Spelt wheat could not be separated from emmer. The Iron Age sample included minimal evidence of bread wheat.,moderate,,abundant,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
15008,"Coppicing is thought possible with alder roundwood ages between 3 and 9 suggesting woodland management (some hazel and willow roundwood was also identified). Also, charcoal production is thought to have been carried out sing alder had been selected for slow burning in an area where pollen evidence suggests that oak and hazel dominated. Alder is thought to have been a poor fuel, particularly comparted to oak, but does make good charcoal. Alder had clearly been deliberately selected for use. Emmer wheat had continued to have been cultivated unlike sites further north in Hampshire, though there is little evidence for on-site processing.",moderate,moderate,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
15009,Sloe stone recovered.,moderate,,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
15010,The plant remains were all from Bronze Age contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15011,Emmer possibly present but not positively identified. One chaff specimen is possibly rye (or barley). Opium poppy seeds were also recovered from one corndrier.,abundant,,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,400
15012,Barley and club wheat were identified from single specimens. One specimen was identified as lentil/vetch/bean. Hazelnut shells were present.,,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
15013,Opium poppy seeds were also noted. Assemblage was poorly preserved. Results from the corn-drying oven showed that spelt was well preserved and many had sprouted suggesting that malting was taking place,abundant,minor,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
15014,"The late Iron Age samples were primarily from abundant crop processing waste. This was shown to have been a barley crop, with spelt seen to have been a 'contaminant'. Some of the barley had germinated. Seeds of sloe and elder, and hazelnut shells were also present in pits. The early Roman corndrier included primarily hulled wheat, mostly chaff, though many sprouted and charred (malted) grains were present. The late Roman samples (from three corndriers) were predominantly hulled spelt wheat with very little barley; a complete shift from the late Iron Age. One drier included moderate quantities of oats. The left hand flue of another contained far more sprouted grain than the right; all included sprouted and charred grain. Grain in this corndrier had been attacked by house mouse and grain weevil. The sprouting and charring of wheat is argued to be evidence of ale production, and the spatial variation indicates that the corndriers were multifunction, i.e. one flue producing grain for ale, and others for bread, etc. Single remains of pea were recovered from LIA and LR contexts respectively. Opium poppy seeds were also found in each period; perhaps a weed in wheat crops, but also may have been harvested as a spice or for medicinal use.",abundant,,,abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
15015,"Samples from the corndrier and dumb-bell-shaped oven included substantial amounts of wheat, probably all of which was spelt, the remains from crop processing. Sprouted grain was present in the flue suggesting that malting was carried out. The presence of hay is indicated by seeds of yellow rattle, hardheads, plantains and grasses. Samples from the enclosure ditch contained large quantities of barley, mostly burnt clean grain, with some signs of germination and sprouting. Burnt stone pine fragments were found in hearths, as were hazelnut shells. Other notable recoveries from similar contexts include rose seeds and catkin fragments, a large vicia/lathyrus/pisum, and lentil. Opium poppy seeds were recovered from a number of contexts.",abundant,,minor,abundant,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,250,400
15016,"Sloe/plum, pea, poppy seed and hazelnut shell was also recovered.",abundant,,,abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
15017,Roman remains are very poorly preserved.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15018,"Opium poppy seeds were recovered from 3rd and 4thC AD corndriers. The sample from the 2ndC AD timber building (early phase) was predominantly barley, some of which were sprouted though perhaps too few for malting. A few spelt grains appear to have been contaminants in this sample. A 4thC AD corndrier shows very similar evidence. The 3rdC AD corndrier included mainly spelt with some barley, both of which included higher frequencies of sprouted grain and probably reflect malting. A 4thC AD stokehole in the bath-house produced flax, yellow rattle (suggestive of hay meadows), sloe/cherry stone, and seeds of mustard or cabbage (see zooarch data for associated material from this context).",abundant,minor,,abundant,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,75,400
15019,"Botanical remains included sloe stones and Celtic (horse) beans, which were probably being cultivated.",moderate,moderate,,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-50,300
15020,"Substantial quantities of plant remains were recovered, and a spatial distribution of remains discerned; grain-rich samples came from the northern half of the site, whilst chaff-rich samples came from the southern half. These show the position of the oven in the north used for drying the grain. One large sample was predominantly spelt wheat, whilst another was predominantly barley suggesting discrete cultivation and processing of each. A major increase in the occurrence of barley takes place between the early and late Iron Age phases. However, the late Iron Age phase appears to be concerned with the processing of barley prior to storage using waste from spelt wheat processing as fuel. Oats and pea were being cultivated alongside spelt and barley in the LIA. Opium poppy present.",moderate,minor,,abundant,,moderate,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
15021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15022,"Only evidence for cereals were single occurrences of emmer and barley were recovered from Iron Age assemblages, which were primarily dominated by wild plant species. Charcoal, peat and heather all appear to have been used as fuel on site.",,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
15023,The grain-drier produced quantities of chaff with glume bases of spelt present. Occasional grains of barley were also recovered. Wild weed seeds were relatively common.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
15024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15025,"Roman-dated cereals were well represented by grains, chaff and coleoptiles. No full dating information is given however and the description of the remains must be considered to possibly derive from any of the sub-periods identified at the site.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
15026,Only spelt and weed seeds were noted from the early Roman samples.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,180
15027,"One flue of the kiln contained burnt remains of coppiced oak, indicative of managed woodland, whilst the other (twin-flue) produced a variety of different wood. It is suggested that this difference in fuel was used to control the temperature of the firing in the kiln.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,275
15028,"One Roman sample derived from the stokehole of the T-shaped corndrier. The sample was dominated by spelt glume chaff, though grains of hulled wheats were also common. A number of hulled wheat grains had clearly germinated. Unfortunately, many of the grains were badly degraded, precluding the identification of germination. The well-preserved grains suggests that germination was relatively low, around 10%. This would suggest that the corndrier may have been multifunctional, being used for malting as well as used for parching grain prior to pounding, with glumes from dehusking used to fuel further parching. The weed species represented did vary from those seen in the Iron Age assemblage, including grasses, orache and poppy, suggesting that arable fields may have been regularly rotated with grassland. Oats and black bindweed were well represented. Also represented was cornflower, a Roman introduction.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
15029,"The botanical assemblage was minimal and contained occasional or single finds of spelt, barley, hazelnut shell and pea.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
15030,"Cess pits adjacent to the villa included mineralised remains of vetch, blackberry, wild cherry and sloe. Pea was also recovered from the corndrier which was dominated by spelt and barley. Much of the cereal remains represents chaff fuel, though quantities of spelt and barley grain had sprouted. The specialist however, suggests that the number is not enough to indicate malted specimens but is rather a spoilt batch.",abundant,,,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
15031,"Remains of poppy, in particular opium poppy, were very well represented in one LIA pit, being more sporadic elsewhere. Stinking mayweed, thought to be a Roman introduction, was present in a LIA context. Both large and small legumes were present, some positively identified as pea. Sloe/damson/plum is also represented. Over 200 grains of oat were present (as well as over 3000 awns) and since some of the oats were identified as the cultivated form, it is suggested that oats were deliberately grown at the site. Spelt dominated the assemblage. Overall, chaff accounted for over 80% of the cereal assemblage.",abundant,minor,,abundant,,minor,minor,,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
15032,"Samples dating from the early Roman period to the 2ndC AD were taken for analysis. Barley grain and chaff were very well represented in broadly equal proportions in a comparatively large sample from an early Roman ditch. The barley remains could largely be from a single deposit. Other samples included little cereal remains. Emmer was possibly present but not clearly separated from spelt which was identified, along with a few grains of free-threshing wheat. Weed seeds were minimal, and the assemblage does not seem to represent an early stage of processing.",minor,,minor,abundant,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
15033,"Barley cultivation appears to have decreased over the three phases of occupation, whilst oats appeared to increase in importance. Large quantities of weed seeds were recovered, including poppy. The remains suggest that cereals were locally grown, stored and probably processed on site, though typical crop processing evidence was not identified.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,75
15034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15037,"The hulled wheat may have been emmer, though neither species was clearly identified.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,125
15038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15039,"The later excavated T-shaped corndrier produced quantities of charred cereal remains, including primarily spelt, some barley and small quantities of oat. Different contexts comprised varying ratios of chaff to grain and varying proportions of weed seed, likely representing differing stages of crop processing. Reanalysis of the 1973 excavated dryer material was also carried out with considerable differences between the two features identified, plus some of the weed seeds were reidentified (poppy was present). The latter dryer included mostly spelt, bread wheat, and very little barley and oats, as well as a much reduced proportion of chaff and weed seeds relative to grain, compared to the former dryer. 1995 report gives quantifications. Quantities of black mustard was recovered from LIA features, appearing to have been cultivated. A number of other herb species were also of LIA date, including sorrel and malva. ER pits produced less material than LIA groups, though barley appears to have been more common than indeterminant wheat species.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,200,400
15040,"Clear exploitation of the water meadow is noted in the report, with probable stock enclosures set within it (recorded here as 'evidence for hay meadows'). Plus, yellow rattle was identified in the plant assemblage (good evidence for hay meadows). Early Roman waterlogged deposits included carrot, wild celery and watercress. Dry deposits included pea. It is uncertain whether these were cultivated. Waterlogged deposits were 1st-2ndC AD, whilst dry deposits included both 1st-2nd and 3rd-4thC AD samples. A stone pine cone was recovered by hand from an early Roman ditch deposit in the water meadow area. The early Roman botanical assemblage contains plants from a wetland environment, though charred spelt and barley chaff was also present. The late Roman assemblage was more indicative of intensive crop processing, with chaff used as fuel alongside oak.",minor,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,50,400
15041,large quantities of burnt chaff were recovered along with charcoal demonstrating the forms of fuel used in some of the kiln firings. Some grains of wheat and barley were also recovered.,abundant,moderate,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
15042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15043,2 fragments of charcoal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15047,"Hazelnut shell was also recovered. Only small numbers of cereals were recovered, though a relatively wide range of taxa were present. Both chaff and grain were identified. Vetch was also identified.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
15048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15050,Waterlogged remains from the well only produced non-cultivated species.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15059,Charcoal remains included broom and Rosaceae.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15060,"The condition of the material is poor and had been heated to a very high temp. The vast majority of the remains came from the corndrier stoke-hole. The assemblage was predominantly grain, though some spelt spikelet and glume bases were present, and one glumebase of emmer. A small quantity of barley and oats grains were recovered, though not chaff. A small quantity of associated weed seeds were also recovered. Full quantifications are given. No mention of sprouted grain or malting.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
15062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15068,"Most of the graves included remains of elderberry seeds in relatively high quantity. The specialist suggests that these were modern intrusions, though cannot explain how or why. Assemblage quantified.",,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,100
15069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15071,The sample from one large pit produced high quantities of chaff suggesting cereal processing waste perhaps to be used as fuel. A high frequency of vicia were also recovered.,moderate,moderate,,minor,,moderate,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,10,125
15072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15076,"Most of the plant remains were lost in the post. Hazelnut shell was present, but cereals were absent.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15084,The hypocausted room in the aisled hall is said to include 'unequivocal evidence that the hypocaust was finally used for corn-drying' during the final years of the villa. No botanical evidence is presented however.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15090,"A broadly consistent range of charred plant remains is represented in the samples, tending to be dominated by chaff with variable quantities of weed seeds and cereal grain. The grain is generally poorly preserved as in previous phases with significant pitting and distortion. The range of weed species was slightly increased from earlier periods, possibly reflecting the greater density of remains as well as changes in arable practice and the evolution of the corn field flora. Seeds of grasses were particularly dominant in the early Romano-British samples, while seeds of docks, vetches/tares, and medick/clover/trefoil were also numerous.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,150
15091,"Two samples were taken from the corndrier in Area D North, including one from the flue. The samples produced a few glume bases of spelt wheat with occasional grain and rare weed seeds, and were not processed further. These samples are not comparable to the sometimes dense concentrations of remains found within corndriers and are more characteristic of background scatters of remains often found in the backfill of features. They consequently do not provide any evidence for the nature of the use of the corndrier. Both spelt and barley were identified in the Romano-British samples, while occasional grain of oats may be from wild species given the presence of Avena fatua floret bases. Occasional sprouted grain of both wheat and oats is more consistent with occasional damaged grains rather than deliberate germination for malting. Weed seeds indicate some utilisation of at least seasonally wet ground although such species may also have entered the site with grassland flora. There is only very limited evidence of the cultivation of heavy clay soils, in particular seeds of stinking mayweed, a widespread cornfield weed on heavy soils is rare in the samples. It is likely that cultivation occurred on the lighter soils of the Reading beds or the chalk ridge rather than the clay.",abundant,,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
15092,"Samples from two pits and a ditch produced minimal remains of unidentified wheat (recorded here as spelt) and barley. Both grain and chaff were quantified in minimal numbers. Of note is an undated pit which contained numerous sloe stones, a grape pip, vetch and a sedge nutlet.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
15093,The predominance of barley may be associated with a possible shift towards pastoralism.,moderate,,,abundant,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
15094,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15095,"Some spelt grain and chaff were identified, but the quantities of plant remains were low overall. The presence of pulses with cereals could suggest deliberate sowing of the two together (a maslin) or the harvesting of wild legumes alongside the cultivated crop.",minor,,minor,minor,,moderate,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
15096,"The mixed nature of the assemblage indicates that the charred seeds are likely to have accumulated gradually over time, possibly as the result of various sporadic events rather than a single episode of deposition. The poorly preserved caryopses of bread/club wheat is present. Comparatively little chaff was recovered and charred weed seeds where present in all five samples but in low frequencies.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
15097,A few samples were taken but little in the way of plant material was found. Though some wheat remains came from a ditch.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
15098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15099,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15100,A small number of carbonised cereal remains were recovered from the throat of the main flue. Only grain was recovered; chaff fragments were absent. Only barley and bread wheat remains were recovered; no weed seeds. It was suspected that the feature had been thoroughly cleaned out after its last use.,,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,325,400
15101,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15102,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15103,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15104,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15108,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15109,"Of the 10 wheat specimens, only emmer was positively identified in the early and late Roman samples. Horse bean was also present from the early phase. Barley present in the early phase, whilst rye is noted from the later phase.",,minor,,minor,minor,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
15110,No charred plant remains recovered from samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15112,"A total of 60 flots was examined from predominantly Romano-British contexts, the majority of which (70%) derived from corndriers. Overall, the assemblages were very to extremely rich in both charred cereal caryopses and wood charcoal. Ten Romano-British grain dryers were sampled and these included samples from fire pits and flues, and generally the numbers of cereal grains was very high, between 40 and 120 in many contexts. In most cases, these were accompanied by both chaff and weed seeds. The grain was principally barley and wheat. In contrast, the pits generally contained little charred plant remains, with few with grains, chaff or weed seeds. The exceptions were 3 pits which contained moderate numbers of grain (>20) as well as chaff and weed seeds. Ditches are normally relatively sparse in charred and charcoal remains; however, 3 of the 32 samples produced large flots (60-100ml) with high numbers of grain accompanied by large quantities of chaff and weed seeds, possibly indicating the single event deposition of burnt waste, possibly crop processing waste.",abundant,,,abundant,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,410
15113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15114,"Relatively few plant macros were recovered from samples. No hulled wheat chaff was identified, which is generally common from Iron Age and Roman sites in the region. Two grains of hulled barley, a cereal culm node (straw fragment), and three hazelnut fragments were recovered from one of the samples. Burnt sloe or hawthorn may represent hedge burning in the area.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
15115,Samples were taken though no feature was rich in charred plant remains or charcoal. A single glume base was identified as spelt/emmer.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
15116,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15117,"2 samples totalling 20l were taken from the same ditch and the results are quantified in the archive report (see Wessex website library). Both samples produced an assemblage dominated by chaff from spelt/emmer wheat, presumably deriving from the same deposit of material. One sample contained the bulk of material, producing over 300 glume bases; the other produced a very similar range of material but in much small quantities, including 40 glume bases. Moderate quantities of grain were also present, most of which were indeterminate, but included emmer or spelt and barley. While the majority of the glume bases were not identifiable to species, a small number could be identified as spelt wheat, whilst no definite evidence for emmer was recovered. A small number of weed seeds included small seeded vetches/vetchlings/tares, black bindweed, chickweed, goose grass/cleavers and small seeded grasses. This assemblage appears to consist of the waste product produced during the processing of hulled wheat, presumably spelt wheat, which is dominated by glume bases but includes occasional grain and weed seeds. The presence of barley would suggest some waste from other processing episodes has been incorporated in the fill.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
15118,"3 samples of LIA/ER date totalling 85l were taken from the site and the results are quantified in the archive report on Wessex grey lit library. Two samples from a LIA pit produced a large quantity of the chaff of glumed wheats, of which both emmer and spelt wheat were represented by well preserved glume bases and spikelet forks. Emmer wheat outnumbered spelt quite significantly in this deposit. The rachis of six-row hulled barley is also well represented in the samples. Occasional culm nodes could derive from either the hulled wheats or the barley. The paucity of grain in relation to the glume bases and rachis would suggest that it is the processing by-product that is represented of all three crops rather than stored ears or spikelets. The fact that wheat and barley chaff is present together demonstrates that the deposit represents the mixed by-product more than one processing episode: barley is a free-threshing cereal which is processed very differently from spelt and emmer which are hulled wheats and require an additional stage of processing. The presence of fragments of hazelnut shell further indicates the mixed origin of this sample. Numerous weed seeds present in the pit deposits derived largely from ruderal species of disturbed ground. Also abundant were seeds of vetches/vetchlings/tares which are common in both disturbed ground and grassland habitats. A number of tubers of present in one sample suggested that at least some of the plants represented were uprooted. However, there were no cereal type grass rhizomes to suggest the cereals had been harvested by uprooting. The presence of corn spurrey, sheep?s sorrel and scentless mayweed suggest the cultivation of light sandy soils. Black bindweed is particularly strongly associated with spring sown barley. The sample from Early Romano-British ditch is different to those from the LIA pit, producing a more mixed assemblage, with grain out numbering chaff elements. Interestingly, no emmer wheat is represented in this sample, with spelt wheat being the only wheat species identified. It is possible that the absence of emmer wheat is the result of a shift in crop types into the Roman period, although it is not possible to establish how typical the emmer rich pit deposit is of the late Iron Age. The limited weed assemblage in this sample is dominated by grass seeds.",moderate,abundant,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
15119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15120,"27 samples were taken for environmental analysis, though a high proportion of modern root material was present, whilst charred plant remains were minimal. Wheat sp. and mustard seeds were identified.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,375
15121,"Remains of wheat were noted from each of the main structures, though large quantities of charred grain were reported from the T-shaped corndrier.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15123,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15124,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15125,"Seven samples were analysed from period 3 deposits. These were primarily from earlier Roman deposits of Phase 3A and 3B. The presence of corn cromwell from an early Roman pit is suggestive of crop processing. Pea was present, as were emmer, spelt and free-threshing (bread) wheat. Emmer was better represented in the earlier phase, whilst spelt was more dominant in later phased samples. Two of the oat specimens were suggested to come from the cultivated form.",moderate,moderate,minor,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,300
15126,"No detailed analysis of the plant remains is given in the interim reports, though large quantities of botanical material were excavated, including grain and chaff. Fruit pips of an unspecified species were noted from a late Roman cesspit.",,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
15127,"Though most of the wheat remains were spelt/emmer, only spelt was positively identified throughout the whole assemblage. The assemblage was fully quantified and consists of relatively large samples. Grain far outnumbered chaff in the samples from both the pit and a ditch segment, and this was also true of the assessed samples from other ditch segments. Two other ditch segments, however, to the immediate north-east, was distinctly richer in chaff than grain, showing variation between different deposits. The most significant feature of all the samples is the high number of germinated grains, mainly of spelt wheat, although most of the barley grain had also germinated; no barley chaff was found in the entire assemblage. The high presence of germinated grain can be related to malting and since few grains show no sign of germination it is reasonable to suggest that most of the deposits derived from malting waste. Most of the remaining charred seeds are of wild species probably growing as weeds with the crops in the field, being inadvertently collected and charred with the grain during processing. The range of weed seeds indicates a fairly wide range of soils under cultivation. Many of the ditch samples, and that from one pit, were relatively rich in charred cereal remains, whilst those from the timber structure included almost no charred remains, with little other than single cereal grains and/or glume bases and occasional charred fragments of hazelnut shell. The only species which are not likely to have been brought in as weeds of the crop are fragments of hazelnut shell and a pinule of bracken. The former is more likely to relate to nuts gathered from the wild for food, while the latter may come from dried bracken collected from the local environment for use as tinder/fuel, bedding or packing.",abundant,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
15128,"Seven samples were taken from the late Romano-British kiln and associated features, and from colluvial deposits of the erosion feature which included substantial dumps of charcoal likely to have derived from kiln waste. The sample from a LR quarry feature had well over 3000 grains of hulled wheat, but relatively few glume bases, probably little more than 30. The only other remains from this sample were grains of oats and/or brome grass (Bromus sp.). Other samples included spelt, hazelnut, sloe and other weed seeds. Samples quantified on archived website report. The charcoal appeared to be mostly mature oak wood. Two of the erosion features produced a large quantity of roundwood, predominated oak but also of hazel/alder. Assuming the charcoal is largely derived from the pottery kilns, this would indicate the use of both mature wood and coppice poles as fuel.",abundant,,,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
15129,No post-ex has yet been carried out.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15130,"Less than ten charred wild plant seeds were present in a Roman ditch fill, including poorly preserved seeds of the pea family.",,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
15131,"The assemblage of charred macroplants was dominated by a great number of grains including mainly wheat, but also infrequent grains of barley. A single charred pulse of vetch/bean/pea was recorded, plus a single grain of free-threshing wheat. The sample produced also a moderate quantity of chaff remains and a low concentration of charred weed seeds. The chaff was predominantly spelt, though a few emmer glumes were also present.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,270,400
15132,"No charcoal fragments exhibited heart and bark ? in fact, very little bark, and no pith at all were observed. Nearly all of the oak, which dominated the charcoal assemblage from kiln A, originated from very large branches or trunks. None of the oak included tree ring widths at the faster, so-called, ?coppice rate? of 5mm or more. Charcoal from the larger Kiln A had almost exclusively very large, slow grown wood. Hazel was the dominant wood species in Kiln C and average ring growth rates ranged mostly from 1-2.5mm/yr, which is quite a slow growth rate for hazel. Alder was also found in kiln C, though again was not thought to have come from coppiced wood. Whilst hazel and alder are generally thought of as species used for coppicing, observations from the charcoal run counter to any suggestion that a highly managed coppice was being exploited. Rather, a more random collection of wood from a less managed woodland is suggested. In terms of sustainability, the cropping practices do not reveal extensive coppicing (although this cannot be completely discounted), perhaps contrary to expectations. The possible use of wood for fuel following extraction of timber wood, or even of whole tree cropping, may represent efficient use of the woodland. This practice would have seen the cultivation of trees to a reasonable size, followed by complete removal with perhaps an occasional large or mature tree left for regeneration to occur from seed or bole.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,270,400
15133,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15134,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15135,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15136,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15137,"Whilst some charred cereal and weed seed remains were recovered, quantities were disappointingly small. However, preliminary examination suggested that there was potential for further excavations. There are no substantial caches of charred grain or chaff. It appears that the remains were sporadic waste which littered the site. Most of the cereals were grains; only two specimens of spelt chaff was recovered (a LIA and LR). Some weed seeds were also present - assemblage quantified.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
15138,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15139,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15140,"A series of samples was examined from the late Iron Age occupation; charcoal was present, with only a single cereal grain fragment noted (unidentifiable).",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15141,"No cereal recovered; only large quantities of charcoal, though this was not identified to species.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15142,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15143,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15144,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15145,"Two samples were taken but thought to have been contaminated, so no further analysis was carried out.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
15146,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16001,"A total of 32 samples taken. Carbonised plant remains were relatively poor, but indicated spelt and barley were the most common crops. No evidence for primary crop processing in the areas excavated.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,375
16002,Extensive sampling for charred plant remains indicated reduction in late Iron Age for cultivated crops in the vicinity of the site compared to previous periods. Main crop was spelt wheat with some hulled barley.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
16003,"Quantities of charred cereal grain varied greatly over the site, dominated by wheat , with smaller amounts of barley and rye. Many grains from one context had sprouted embryos (spoilt grain rather than malting). Most samples contained higher volumes of chaff, dominated by spelt wheat, then barley and oats. Also hazelnuts and pea/vetch on a small scale.",moderate,,,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,120
16004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16006,One sample analysed from a late Iron Age pit and included barley and flax. No cereal chaff noted.,,,,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,50
16007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16009,"72 samples taken from late Iron Age-Roman features, with the main cereal being spelt, represented by grain and glume bases. Barley also well represented and emmer in late Iron Age samples. Several deposits of germinated grain and detached sprouted coleoptiles, suggest malting. Also flax, pea/bean and hazel nut shell. Mostly open grassland seed, including wet grassland/marsh, but with some woodland close by as indicated by molluscs.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,minor,,minor,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
16010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16012,No samples taken from Roman contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16013,"Nine soils samples from M-LIA features with small amounts of emmer, spelt and barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
16014,"Sixteen samples revealed small quantities of charred plant material, including  barley and possible spelt. More chaff than grain.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
16015,Roman samples from 2nd-4th C features produced grains of the free-threshing variety associated with bread wheat,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
16016,Samples taken from  early Roman contexts of the settlement ditch mostly comprise cereal processing waste (chaff outnumbers grain by 10:1). Dominated by spelt wheat.,moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
16017,"Samples indicate arable economy based on spelt wheat and six-row hulled barley, with small amounts of emmer and free threshing wheat. A single rye grain from a late Roman sample. Also lentils in late Roman contexts. Cereal grains make up main part of assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
16018,"Very limited plant remains recovered indicating some spelt wheat and barley, with grain and chaff present, indicating some processing.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
16019,Samples from Roman ditches contained spelt wheat and barley.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
16020,"Only two samples produced plant remains - mostly cereal grains of spelt wheat and barley, with a little chaff. Also large quantities of silica awn fragments in a later 1st C posthole, indicating crop de-husking.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,120
16021,Minimal remains of charred plants including some spelt/emmer and barley. Snails indicate open grassland and damp/wetland in vicinity.,minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
16022,"Six samples analysed from Roman features in Chemistry lab excavations, all dominated by chaff and weed seeds - crop processing waste. Some germinated grain but not enough to suggest malting. Main crop was spelt wheat, though some emmer found in 2nd C ditch sample. Samples from Mansfield house are more dominated by grain - this is probably the area where grain stored after being processed. Crops comprised spelt, emmer, barley and pulses.",abundant,moderate,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
16023,"Two samples from a LIA-early Roman pit analysed and were rich in cereal grains and glumed wheats - emmer/spelt or spelt and hulled barley. Chaff also represented, though likely to be a cleaned and processed crop.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
16024,"A sample from MIA pit contained abundant spelt wheat and barley, while another from an early Roman ditch contained similar but in lesser amounts.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
16025,"Two samples analysed from 2nd-3rd C corndrier contained abundant grain (mostly spelt where identified, along with hulled barley), and huge quantities of spelt chaff (mostly glume bases),along with some emmer. One grain was sprouted.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
16026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16027,"Ten samples analysed from OA excavations, all containing cereal grains, mostly spelt/emmer (two positively identified as spelt). Limited barley and oats also recorded. Cereal chaff in slightly greater quantities, including spelt glumes and barley rachis. Other edible plants include hazel nut shell and cabbage.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,100
16028,Spelt wheat from trackway submitted for radiocarbon dating (1st-2nd C AD).,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,150
16029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16030,Three samples from M-LIA ditches may have been contaminant with later material as contained higher quantity of bread wheat. Other crops comprise emmer/spelt and barley.,minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
16031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16032,"A total of 77 samples were mostly quite poor, but did reveal occasional charred cereal remains of barley and emmer/spelt grains.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
16033,"Four samples taken for charred plant remains, but with low quantities except charcoal (oak, sweet chestnut, ash). Some cereal grains, including oat and barley.",,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
16034,"Twenty samples taken, with very few charred plant remains - just single grains of wheat and barley.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,300
16035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16036,"Samples from late Iron Age ditches included some cereal grain and a little more chaff. All emmer or spelt. Larger amounts of grain and especially chaff (glume bases) from Roman features - mostly spelt, but also possibly some bread type wheat. Also broad/field bean. Also two samples from two mid-late Roman pits in OA excavation. Both contained cereals - wheat and barley grains along with other identified grains and limited amounts of chaff, much of which was spelt glumes. Likely to have been burnt domestic grain.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,300
16037,"Seven samples analysed from Denchworth Road, with cereal grains present in all. Wheat most abundant, especially spelt, but also some emmer and bread wheat. Barley also quite common. A single grain of rye and small number of oats. Also much chaff, dominated by spelt glume bases and also bread wheat and barley rachis segments. Some Celtic bean. Suggested that hay gathered and brought to the site. Three samples from Mill St produced similar results, with high proportion of chaff to grain.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,100,375
16038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16039,"Waterlogged samples contained wheat grains and spelt glumes, with some spelt, barley and oats in the charred remains. Carbonized remains from the corndrier were very rich in spelt chaff. Also remains of flax, plum, dill and coriander, as well as indications of box hedges.",moderate,,,minor,,,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,100,400
16040,"Large numbers of samples taken. During the late Iron Age/early Roman period, the only major crops comprised spelt wheat and hulled barley and this continued in the early Roman period, when the parts of the floodplain itself appear to have been used for growing cereal crops. This was abandoned by later Roman period as flooding increased. Same main crops in later Roman period, though also free-threshing wheat.",moderate,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
16041,A deposit of charred grain within the late Roman villa was almost all spelt wheat.,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
16042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16043,"Samples from LIA pits were dominated by charred weed sees, with limited cereal grain and chaff - emmer, spelt and barley.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,50
16044,"Pollen remains indicate pastoral and arable agriculture in vicinity, but no specific indication on cereal remains except one hulled wheat grain.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
16045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16046,No samples produced meaningful quantities of charred plant remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
16047,"The only grain noted from Roman features was from free-threshing wheat, and may be later in date. Molluscs indicate an open habitat.",,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
16048,"A total of 30 samples collected for CPR, with charred cereal waste concentrated in a few areas. Most samples dominated by weeds, and wheat comprises emmer or spelt (mostly spelt where identified) - grains and chaff, derived from coarse sieving waste. Also evidence for cherry, grape and fig in the waterlogged samples.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,20,100
16049,"A total of 13 samples included barley and spelt wheat (barley slightly outnumbering wheat). Oats also present. Carbonised chaff was scarce. Also two seed of flax. The remains are probably waste from the parching, de-husking and fine sieving of hulled cereal grain.",moderate,,,abundant,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
16050,"Throughout the Iron Age, and more particularly in first couple of centuries AD, spelt wheat increased at the expense of other species of wheat, and to some extent and the expense of barley. By the 2nd century AD 70% of identifiable cereal grains are wheat and all that can be identified to species are ascribed to T. spelta. In the mid Roman period, spelt, flax/linseed, coriander, celery and opium poppy found - horticultural crops?",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,200
16051,Spelt wheat was noted in a Roman ditch.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
16052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16053,"Charred cereal remains comprised spelt wheat (ID'd mainly from glume bases), club wheat and barley. All cereal processing was on a small scale. Waterlogged samples suggests the landscape was very open. A few flax capsules recovered, along with opium poppy.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
16054,Very small quantities of cereal grain noted.,,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
16055,"A sample from an early Roman well included barley, spelt and emmer. Samples from the Cotswold Archaeology excavation produced occasional grains of wheat and barley, except the fill of a pot in a mid Roman pit, which produced abundant spelt chaff and one emmer grain, barley and oats.  The pot clearly contained the processing waste of dehusking spelt wheat.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
16056,"A total of 13 samples taken. Of the charred cereal remains, spelt wheat was most dominant, followed by barley.  Approximately equal grain to chaff. Also evidence for flax from possible flax retting pits. Botanical and molluscan evidence suggests a fairly open landscape, but with local scrub - possibly hedges. Also evidence for honey bee.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,moderate,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
16057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16060,Samples from the mid-late Roman corndrier contained numerous charred cereal grains and some weed seeds. Dominated by spelt wheat and barley. Half the wheat and barley grains were in early stages of germination - evidence for malting. One small grain of club wheat.,abundant,,minor,abundant,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
16061,"Samples for charred plant remains contained evidence for spelt and emmer wheat, along with barley. Dominated by chaff and weeds. Molluscan evidence indicate open landscape.",abundant,moderate,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,125
16062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16067,"Four samples from Roman wells. Evidence for spelt wheat and flax, along with some club wheat and barley. Also plum and damson. Suggestions that hay meadows may have been in the vicinity.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,minor,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,100,400
16068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16073,"Samples from a late Roman ditch contained charred cereal remains, dominated by hulled barley then spelt wheat, along with a few weed seeds.",moderate,,,abundant,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
16074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16085,"A sample of charred grain analysed from early excavations at the villa, from a late Roman burnt layer. Wheat predominates, the bulk of which is spelt, with traces of emmer and bread wheat. Also barley and rye in small quantity. Lentils also found.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,450
16086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16088,"Samples for charred plant remains fairly rich in cereal grain and chaff, especially from late Roman corndrier. Late Roman waterlogged remains include plum, apple, Celtic bean, dill and coriander, plus poppy. Evidence for malting (germinated spelt grain in the corndrier).",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,minor,,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-50,450
16089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16091,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16093,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16094,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16095,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16097,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16099,"Plant remains  from recent excavation yet to be analysed, but initial work has provided waterlogged evidence for box hedges, spelt wheat and flax. Charred remains included spelt glume bases, emmer wheat, oats, hulled barley and cabbage. The remains represent the latter stages of crop processing. Samples from the amphitheatre included fig and grape.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,75,400
16100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16101,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16102,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16103,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16104,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16108,"Samples taken from the Roman oven within the hillfort contained relatively high concentrations of charred plant remains, especially cereals. Grain predominated, some identified as spelt wheat. Also barley and pea.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
16109,"The samples for charred plant remains produced evidence for spelt wheat, barley, beans and peas. Although most of samples relate to Iron Age contexts, the report discussion indicates that these also related to the villa occupation. Relative proportions uncertain. Carbonized fig was found in a middle Iron Age pit near the villa building, but is assumed to be intrusive and to have been Roman in date.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
16110,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16111,Charred plant macrofossils were present in just three samples - mostly indeterminate cereal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
16112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16114,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16115,"Three samples from early Roman features yielded some  spelt wheat, barley and oat seeds, suggesting cereal processing, but not on a large scale in the immediate vicinity. Spelt most numerous. The glume bases and other chaff outnumber grain.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,25,200
16116,The charred plant analysis showed a reasonable density of cereals. Spelt wheat and barley were the most commonly represented cereals. Occasional glume bases of emmer wheat were also present. Also oats.,moderate,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
16117,"Samples taken from Romano-British features indicated the cultivation of spelt wheat and a weed assemblage associated with the processing of that crop. Cereal grain forms a minor fraction of the assemblages, while glume bases dominated the samples.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
16118,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16120,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16121,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16122,"Eighteen samples analysed, but no cereal remains present.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
16123,Minimal charred plant remains including spelt wheat and especially hulled barley. Quantified assemblage.,minor,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
16124,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16125,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16126,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16127,"A total of 221 environmental samples were selected for assessment, the most productive samples from late Roman contexts. Initial results suggest that hulled wheat, mainly spelt (including sprouted grains and loose coleoptiles) and to a much lesser extent, emmer, and hulled barley, were the main cereals on the site with some evidence also for the use of free-threshing wheat. Grain and chaff present, indicating crop processing on site. Other food plants include lentil, plum/bullace and sloe/blackthorn fruit stones, elder and blackberry/raspberry seeds, and hazelnut shell. A range of biological evidence reveals an environment of damp grassland.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,370
16128,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16129,A total of seven contexts were wet sieved for environmental data. A single grain of barley remains the only cereal crop.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
16130,Twenty-one samples analysed. Seventeen of the samples contained botanical remains but in extremely low densities. Free-threshing wheat is the only cereal noted.,,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
16131,"A total of 8 samples from a selection of features were made from the evaluation. Charred plant remains were very poorly preserved and dominated by wood charcoal and occasional cereal grain including spelt/emmer wheat. All molluscs were open country grassland species. Eighty one bulk samples taken during excavation of the site were assessed. A number of the samples taken from the Roman corndryers contained very abundant cereal grains - barley and wheat (including a free-threshing variety). A few of the cereal grains had sprouted prior to being burnt. Chaff was also abundant and dominated by wheat glume bases, with occasional rachis and oat awn fragments.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,250
16132,"Five samples from the evaluation contained small amounts of wood charcoal and cereal remains. Both cereal grain and chaff remains were recovered including grain of emmer and spelt wheat and with glume bases of spelt indicate the presence of this crop. A glume of ?emmer wheat was also present. Pollen evidence suggests a local dominance of herbs with few trees, suggestive of an open, possibly grassland environment. Most Roman period samples from the 2010-12 excavations produced low quantities of charred plant remains - mixtures of cereals, a few smaller seeds and/or cereal chaff fragments, and occasional other plant remains. The most widespread cereals present as grain were hulled barley and the glume wheats (emmer & and/or spelt). Also oat, free threshing wheat, pulses and some possible rye grains in late Roman deposits. Assessment level only data.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
16133,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16134,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16135,Only one charred wheat grain (glume wheat type) was identified in one sample.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
16136,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16137,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16138,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16139,"In all 14 soil samples were taken, with well-preserved charred plant remains, including hulled wheat (e.g. spelt) grain and chaff. Also hulled barley and free-threshing wheat rachis node. Many charred grains found from the soil sample surrounding a horse skull and quernstone fragment from a ditch.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,400
16140,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16141,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16142,"Two samples from late Roman contexts. One sample rich in charred cereal grain, mainly spelt. Some germinated - malting? A large amount of spelt chaff was also recorded. A small quantity of charred weed seeds was present.",abundant,,,,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
16143,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16144,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16145,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16146,"Two contexts from the corndrier were sampled. Quantified assemblage. Most of the charred grains were not identifiable to genus. Over one thousand glume base fragments were recovered, large numbers were identified as spelt. Only thirty four grains were identified as barley. Seventeen embryos and one hundred fifteen sprouts were counted. Also oat, pea and wheat/rye. The presence of a large number of detached sprouts suggests that one of the functions of the corn drier was to dry malted grain.",abundant,,,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
16147,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16148,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16149,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16150,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16151,"A total of 19 samples for plant macrofossil and charcoal. Roman samples contained carbonised barley, emmer/spelt wheat, possible bread wheat and oat cereal grains and carbonised chess seeds. Small amounts of cereal chaff and some weed seeds indicative of arable cultivation. Roman mollusc samples are dominated by open country species.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
16152,"One bulk environmental sample of 40 litres was taken from a Romano-British Kiln, but was relatively unproductive in terms of diagnostic charred plant remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
16153,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16154,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16155,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16156,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
16157,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17003,"Samples taken from 7 Roman features (pits, ditches and wall foundations), and substantial quantities of cereal remains (grain and chaff) recovered, dominated by spelt (glumes bases and spikelet forks). It is suggested that crop processing was carried out on the site. In addition, small amounts of bread wheat and barley recovered, along with larger amounts of oats. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17008,"A total of 11 bulk soil samples from Roman features with charred plants. Barley is most common in early Roman samples, while bread wheat most common in late Roman contexts (associated with the villa?). Also emmer and spelt and oats. Broad bean and raspberry found in later samples.",minor,minor,moderate,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17009,"Six samples taken, with sparse plant remains. Included a small amount of wheat, barley, rye and oats, with a single glume base of spelt.",minor,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
17010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17012,"Five samples with abundant plant remains from fills of an enclosure ditch, mostly cereals - spelt wheat and barley, with one possible pea and slight evidence for bread wheat. Evidence for cereal processing waste used as fuel, along with germination and association with heather - indications of brewing.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
17013,A single sample from a Roman ditch contained three wheat and a single oat grain.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
17014,Samples produced some well preserved charred plant remains including much grain and glume bases of spelt wheat.,abundant,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17015,"Samples from contexts spanning early to late Roman periods, though crop types appear to have changed little over time. Cereals dominated by spelt wheat, followed by emmer and bread wheat. A large number of wheat glumes of spelt and emmer suggests the glume wheats were stored as spikelets. Sprouted grains are minimal. Also evidence for barley, flax, rye and oat. Remains of olive and fig represent imported foods. Very slight evidence for pea.",abundant,moderate,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,70,400
17016,"A single sample from the corndrier flue contained large numbers of spelt glume bases and hulled wheat grains, along with a few barley rachis fragments and grains of bread wheat. Also oats and one possible flax seed.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
17017,"Fifteen bulk samples with spelt wheat and chaff most frequently noted, along with barley. Limited evidence for oats. The range of weed seeds suggests cultivation of lighter alluvial soils rather than the heavier clay.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,325
17018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17019,"Samples from the later Iron Age roundhouse contained a glume base of spelt wheat and a few barley grains, along with hazelnut shell fragments. Similar samples from Roman features.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
17020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17023,No samples for charred plant remains from Roman contexts. Insect samples from early Roman pit and ditch revealed an open grassland environment.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
17024,A total of 8 samples from late Iron Age contexts produced minimal evidence for cereals with a single breadwheat grain from a cremation burial. Five samples from Roman ditches provided some evidence for spelt wheat and rye.,minor,,minor,,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
17025,"Isolated cereal grains, including a single wheat grain, were identified in a ditch slot dating from the 2nd century AD. A single oat grain was also present",minor,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
17026,Ten samples were taking during the excavation but very small amounts of charred plant remains were recovered. A single wheat grain was recovered from the cremation deposit.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
17027,Samples with rich charred cereal grain mentioned in MoLA report but no further data.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
17028,Six bulk samples taken from the bathhouse and three were fully analysed: a sample from pre-bathhouse levels (c early 2nd C AD)  was dominated by spelt glume bases with very small amounts of barley grains. The samples from two dump layers associated with the corndrier (4th C) were extremely rich in spelt glume bases along with some spikelet forks and spelt/emmer type grain (probably spelt). Also a moderately high quantity of barley grain and rachis fragments and a few breadwheat grains. Limited oats in all samples. Some evidence for germinated grain but not enough to suggest any more than very small scale malting. Quantified assemblage. The quantity of glume bases suggests mass processing and separation of glumes following de-husking of spelt wheat. Possibly used as fuel in the corndrier.,abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17029,"Sixty environmental samples were taken from pits, gullies, ditches and other features in order to retrieve waterlogged and charred plant remains. Eighteen samples were taken from Iron Age contexts, producing relatively little evidence for agriculture ? a few charred remains of hulled wheat, emmer or spelt, and barley. The Romano-British contexts were comparatively rich in charred plant remains, with a predominance of spelt wheat and probably hulled, six-row barley. In addition, coriander, plum and apple were all also found. The poor representation of weed seeds may be explained by the crops having been stored as semi-clean spikelets. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,400
17030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17032,"Charred cereal grain fragments recorded in most samples, though a low number of weed seeds and lack of chaff from all samples suggests the crops were present as a processed form. No indication of taxa. Molluscs indicate open conditions.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
17033,"Charred plant macrofossils present in 27 of the 127 samples, generally very poorly preserved - mostly indeterminate cereal (wheat and barley) in very small amounts.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
17034,A series of 8 bulk samples  was processed for the assessment of charred plant remains. Some cereal grain and chaff from late Iron Age samples but no details.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
17035,"Although no plant report, carbonised grain indicated from the 2nd C aisled building with the corndriers and it is suggested that large scale malting was taking place.",,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,170
17036,"19 samples analysed from Roman features for charred plant remains. Sparse remains of cereal processing waste from 1st-early2nd c AD samples; this mostly comprised spelt grains and chaff though some definite emmer, along with barley. Greater volume of charred cereal remains from mid 2nd to early 3rd C AD with a ratio of 1:3:3 grain:chaff:weeds, indicating processing waste. Spelt chaff most frequent though emmer and barley still present. The most productive sample was from the later 2nd C corndrier which produced concentrations of grain (at top end) and chaff (at stoke end, used as fuel). Almost all the well preserved glume bases were of spelt (with one of emmer). Also wild plants indicative of hay meadows including yellow rattle. A few oat grains also occurred in later 2nd C contexts. Four samples produced evidence for sprouted grains and few detached sprouts, indicating possible low level malting at certain periods. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,50,210
17037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17038,"Four sampled analysed, two from a corn-dyer, one from horticultural soil and one from a midden deposit in a quarry scoop, all late Roman. The midden deposit was the only one to contain significant quantities of charred remains.  The corndrier contained quantities of glumes spelt grains and some barley rachises and grains. Several grains with sprouted embryos and several elongated coleoptiles from germinated grain. This may indicate malting. The midden was rich in weed seeds and glume waste, probably from burning following de-husking. Oat seeds recovered from horticultural soil.",,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
17039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17040,"Three samples were examined from an early Roman hollow, with grain and chaff of spelt wheat in all. Barley grains also present in lesser numbers and a few grains of bread wheat recovered. Also a pea/bean and possible fennel seed. This probably represents the charring of a stored crop of semi-cleaned spikelets.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
17041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17043,"Six samples from the later Iron Age-early Roman pits comprised large quantities of spelt wheat, then barley and emmer grain and chaff. Mineralised remains includes Brassica/Sinapis which can be used as a spice or for oil. Of the nine samples of later Roman context three produced charred plant remains - small quantities of emmer/spelt and possible bread wheat.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,420
17044,"Six samples analysed for charred plant remains, all containing cereal grain and chaff. The charred and mineralised plant remains suggest an arable economy based spelt wheat and hulled barley (spelt grains slightly outnumber barley but approximately even; spelt glume bases dominate), with some oats and the notable addition of Brassica or mustard. A crab apple pip came from a mineralised sample. Quantified assemblage",moderate,,,moderate,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,1
17045,A single sample produced a grain of wheat or barley together with 2 small fragments of unidentifiable charcoal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17047,"2002: Seven of the 10 bulk samples from Romano-British features contained charred grain fragments in small to moderate quantities. No further details. 2004: Almost all the Romano-British samples came from cremations - Several of these produced quite high quantities of cereal grain, both barley and probable spelt wheat, along with corms or tubers of onion couch grass",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
17048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17049,A single sample taken from a Romano-British pit. Wheat represented by grain and internodes of a free-threshing form. Also a few grains of hulled barley and oats.,,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,375
17050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17054,The 39 samples of Romano-British dates generally produced little  evidence of cultivated cereals except for those taken from the T-shaped corndriers. Large quantities of charred grain fragments were observed in 9 samples  and high numbers of charred chaff fragments in 2 samples. No indication of cereal type. Low numbers of charred pea/beans fragments were recorded in three samples. The few shells that were present were all species typical of open downland environments.,,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
17055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17057,No data from Roman contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17061,"Five samples from 1991 excavation (two from LIA-early Roman pit; 3 from later Roman corndrier) and three samples from 1993 excavation (LIA-early Roman contexts). The earlier material produced much charred material, especially cereals. Spelt grain and especially chaff most dominant but also some emmer. Barley is the main cereal in one deposit. Also evidence for oats. Brassica seeds could possibly represent cultivated plants (cabbage, turnip etc.). In one of the later Roman corndriers there were significant quantities of spelt and barley grain, with lesser amounts of chaff. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
17062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17063,"A sample taken from an auger survey to the south of the Roman villa, and believed to have been from Roman levels (the site would have lain within Roman fields), revealed  evidence for charred plant remains comprising a dump of charred wheat grain dominated by spelt/emmer, along with some barley. Also evidence for hedgerows.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
17064,"A single sample from a late Roman pit was analysed, with a high concentration of charred plant remains - mostly poorly preserved cereals, mostly grain with a little chaff. Mostly spelt/emmer with a single spikelet fork identified as spelt, along with bread wheat and barley. Also a relatively high number of large legumes - peas and beans (including horse bean)-  and wide variety of weed species.",abundant,,minor,minor,,moderate,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
17065,"Seven samples from 5 hearths, an animal burial and a pit, all late Roman. The charred plant remains contained grains and chaff of spelt and emmer wheat (most ID'd as spelt) as well as barley. Also an array of grassland plants. Mollusc assemblages almost exclusively open country species.",moderate,minor,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
17066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17069,"Five samples from late Roman contexts, 4 from the T-shaped corndrier. All very rich in chaff, grain and in some cases weed seeds. A sample from an organic spread across a ditch near the corndrier was derived from large scale de-husking waste of a spelt wheat crop, with some barley present. Samples from the corndrier flue dominated by cereal grain with some chaff. The stokehole contained lesser grain and more glume bases as well as barley grain and rachis (probably fuel). A few grains had sprouted but not enough to confidently suggest malting, though this is quite possible (ticked here). It seems that barley and spelt wheat processed together.  The presence of insect pupa in the stokehole suggests grain pests. Quantified assemblage. Molluscs indicate open grassland.",abundant,,moderate,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,450
17070,"Two bulk samples were taken during the evaluation from a layer of colluvium thought to be Roman in date. These produced a single grain of probable barley, four very degraded glume bases, and another almost certainly of spelt wheat. Also probable oat grain. Mollusc assemblages of open country.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
17071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17072,A sample taken from a Roman pit/ditch produced no charred cereal remains - just some highly fragmented wood charcoal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17073,"Two samples were taken, but only 1 litre each. The contained small amounts of charcoal and oyster shell.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
17074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17075,Four bulk samples recovered from Roman ditches and gullies. Charred grain fragments were recorded in high numbers in two samples and in small amounts in the other two samples. Low levels of charred chaff fragments and charred weed seeds including hazelnut fragments were observed in three of the samples. No indication of taxa.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
17076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17078,Two bulk samples taken from later Iron Age ditches. Charred plant remains were present in low quantities and included both grain and weed seeds but no chaff. No indication of taxa.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,1
17079,"A series of seven bulk samples taken. Charred grain fragments were observed in all samples, in large quantities in three of them. Varying quantities of charred chaff fragments occurred in four samples. No indications of taxa.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
17080,"Four bulk samples were taken from waterlogged contexts from the site. These included cereal grains (the only identified is free-threshing wheat), along with fruit seeds/stones.",,,minor,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
17081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17082,"Three bulk samples were taken from the excavations, two of Roman date, one from a possible early Roman corndrier. This sample was exceptionally rich in well preserved charred plant remains with large quantities of grains of hulled wheats (emmer or spelt) and hulled barley, as well as high quantities of chaff, predominately glume bases of spelt wheat but also numerous rachises of 6-row barley. Several of the grains of both wheat and barley could be seen to have germinated and the sample also contained several elongated coleoptiles. There was also a single seed of flax. Seeds of weeds were also exceptionally numerous.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,minor,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
17083,A total of 26 bulk samples taken. The Romano-British samples contained several cereal remains: chaff of spelt and occasionally emmer wheat and some barley. A sample from one ditch contained high numbers of spelt glumes and seeds of probable perennial rye grass. Also some oats.,abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17091,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17093,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17094,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17095,"Fifteen samples were taken, and while cereal grain was present in several of the flots, no indications given of phase in the report.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
17096,"Two samples taken from Roman deposits contained spelt wheat, along with charred stones of plum or sloe (Prunus domestica or sinosa). Seeds of wild vetch/wild pea and cleavers were also found.",moderate,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
17097,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17099,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17101,No details from 2002-4 excavations,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17102,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17103,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17104,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17108,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17110,"A single sample from the late Roman corn-drying oven, consisted of small amounts of charcoal and frequent well-preserved carbonised plant macrofossils consisting of carbonised cereals (spelt wheat, oat), cereal chaff (spelt glume bases, awn fragments) and weed seeds indicative of a disturbed environment.",abundant,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
17111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17114,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17115,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17116,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17117,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17118,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17120,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17121,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17123,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17124,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17125,No plant data. A ceramic tile had a textile impression indicative of flax or hemp.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17126,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17127,Seven environmental samples yielded small quantities of charred cereal grains. No further information.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
17128,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17129,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17130,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17131,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17132,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17133,"Charred cereals (spelt and bread wheat, barley) from the corndrier, along with vetches and cleaver, thought to indicate the growing of pulse crops. Relative proportions unknown.",minor,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,350
17134,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17135,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17136,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17137,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17138,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17139,A sample from a possible Roman ditch outside the main settlement area contained few charred remains but high numbers of high numbers of snail shells of open country species.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
17140,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17141,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17142,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17143,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17144,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17145,"Over 1000 grains of charred wheat found during the excavations including in a grave. Recorded here as spelt wheat, though undetermined.",abundant,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
17146,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17147,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
17148,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18001,"A total of 40 bulk samples were taken from all of the principal contexts with particular attention being paid to the fills of the primary ditch and associated pits. 8 were rich in evidence for plant remains. There is quantification of the plant remains in the report. Post-hole and pit contexts dated to the middle to late Romano-Cornish phases  yielded significant quantities of charred cereal grain and chaff remains. The macro-remains suggest that spelt wheat was the predominant crop with barley and oats.  Bread/club wheat also found. Emmer wheat was also present but may have been a weed of the spelt crop. A small quantity of peas was the only other crop variety recorded. Chaff debris and paucity of weed seeds indicate that the spelt had been partially cleaned and was accidentally charred perhaps during parching to release the grain. The presence of cereal culm bases (cf spelt) may suggest harvesting by uprooting. Pollen report states that the dominance of herbs and especially grasses and grassland taxa suggests locally open grassland which is likely to have been used as pasture. However, the abundant charred cereal remains and the cereal pollen and weeds recorded also indicate local arable agriculture. The charcoal evidence suggested woodland nearby.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
18002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18004,"Samples from thirty contexts (392.35 litres sediment from layers, hearth and pits) were processed but plant macrofossils were only recovered from 13 of them. crops represented include six-row barley, identified by a rachis internode, and wheat, represented by a fragmentary grain, but the wheat could not be identified to species (spelt assumed here) and most cereal grains are unreferable to genus. The dominant taxon is oats (uncertain whether domestic or wild). There is quantification of the plant remains in the report.",minor,,,minor,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,370
18005,"The fill of the cist contained occasional crop remains, primarily in the form of charred barley grains with occasional wheat (species unspecified) and oats, the last most likely to be crop weeds.",minor,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
18006,"No plant data. Pollen analysis of samples suggested an open landscape dominated by herbaceous grassland, with localised areas of restricted heathland in the close vicinity.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
18007,"Plant macrofossils were recovered in small quantities from Phase 2 (2nd-3rd centuries) and 3 (late 3rd-early 4th century) contexts. Small amounts came from the late (Phase 3) midden layers; some came from a house (Phase 2), in three hearths and a pit fill near the hearth. Most, however, came from the Phase 2 working area. Grains of hulled barley and wheat (species uncertain) were recorded in low numbers. A few oats were also present, but in the absence of the floret bases it is not possible to say whether they were wild or cultivated. Glume bases showed emmer and wheat present in roughly equal quantities, but most was not identified to species level. Report notes that the concentration of emmer is relatively high compared to other sites. No important differences recognised between the assemblages in the different types of features. The richest sample is one of the pit fills, composed of crop cleaning waste mixed with what is most probably ash and fine charcoal from a hearth. Sloe, hazel and blackberry all recognised, indicating gathering of fruits and nuts. The plant remains are quantified in the report.",minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,325
18008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18016,"Sample from the upper fill of a pit produced 2 spikelet forks of emmer, 2 grains of spelt, and 2 grains of spelt or emmer. Also 3 further grain fragments of undetermined wheat. 1 grain of oat. Also tiny fragments of charred hazelnuts.",minor,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,1
18017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18025,"A sample of mid-to-late Roman date taken from a feature interpreted as a grain-parching hearth produced a small quantity of carbonised grains - 45% barley, 25% oat, 9% rye and 21% brome. Notable that no wheat is mentioned in the report. No precise quantification of grains.",,,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
18026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18028,"Some pits within the enclosure contained substantial deposits of charred plant remains. Wheat was present, almost all of bread-wheat. Some suggestion that hulled wheats such as spelt could be present as a minor crop. Also barley, wild and cultivated oats. Non-cereal plants included hazelnuts, elderberry, fat hen, persicaria and orache (possible leaf vegetables), hemp nettle and plantain (medicinal). Very few chaff fragments recovered from any of the samples. Besides the C14 date, the type of and mix of grains were regarded as representative of a post-Roman date.",minor,,moderate,abundant,,,,,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,385,545
18029,"Charred plant remains from the structure included emmer, spelt and bread-type wheat, hulled barley and oats, mostly from hearth-pit deposits. Celtic bean also present. The overall ratio of grain, chaff and weeds was 2:1:1 from the pit groups and 3:5:1 from the structure, and chaff in the hearth-pit deposits suggests cereal processing waste was being used as fuel. Plant remains are quantified in the monograph but not the journal articles. Hazelnut and bramble also present.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,170,300
18030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18032,"Samples included mostly very small assemblages of cereal grain, chaff and weed seeds. Species included wheat (unidentified but spelt assumed here) and barley chaff and barley and oat (wild or cultivated uncertain) grains. Hazelnut shells also identified. The general paucity of cereal chaff and weeds suggested that cereals were not processed in the area.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
18033,No clear data from Roman contexts,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18036,"Samples from the cist included hulled wheat grains and a spikelet fork plus a range of arable weeds. Wheat included spelt grains and lesser amounts of free-threshing wheat, also abundant oat and some barley. Hulled and free-threshing wheat, barley and oats also associated with the inhumation. Species are quantified in the report.",abundant,moderate,,moderate,,,,,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
18037,A single legume and glume bases of spelt/emmer observed infrequently (classified as spelt here).,minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
18038,"Much charcoal suggesting that the site may have been associated with charcoal production - no charred cereal remains, perhaps supporting the suggestion that the site was not domestic.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18040,"An undated pit excavated in the Strategic Route report produced evidence for cereal processing, but as undated data are not included here.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18041,"12 samples assessed, with three producing very low quantities of charred plant remains. Emmer/spelt glume bases, barley rachis fragments, possible Celtic bean, and spelt chaff present. All primarily crop-processing waste rather than grains. No quantification of plant remains in report.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
18042,"Four samples examined, two with charred plant material. Sparse evidence for cultivation of emmer/spelt (species not identified but spelt assumed here), possible bread wheat and hulled barley. Grains were present but there were no chaff fragments or weed seeds to suggest cereal processing waste, and the assemblage is thought to represent general domestic waste. Oats found from a context which may have been of early medieval date, and therefore not included here. No quantification of plant remains in report.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,25
18043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18044,No clearly Iron Age or Roman data in the report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18045,"As well as small charcoal fragments, there were occasional wheat, barley and oat grains. Wheat unspecified, but spelt selected here to indicate wheat presence.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
18046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18049,Pollen analysis suggested clearing of the landscape in the Iron Age. No other data.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18050,No data.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18055,"Many of the bulk samples contained some charred cereal remains, Similarly to other Iron Age and Romano-British domestic sites in Cornwall, spelt wheat and barley were the most frequent cereals recorded, with evidence of crop storage and processing also found, although it was noted that the quantities were much lower than at other sites. Some hazelnut shell. Germinated grain considered just possible evidence for malting.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
18056,"The high presence of emmer and complete absence of spelt in one layer was notable, though dominance of spelt noted elsewhere on site. This anomaly may therefore represent an earlier deposit, possibly Bronze Age.",abundant,moderate,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,600
18057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18058,"Possible free-threshing wheat, oat, and other unidentified wheat. The pollen types and the monolith stratigraphy indicate a damp disturbed ground environment.",,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-40
18059,"A number of contexts produced charred plant material, mostly in the form of grains. These included wheat, most notably free-threshing, also barley, and oats. A few bramble seeds. Pollen analysis suggested an open environment.",,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
18060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18061,"Charred plant remains included barley, oats, and spelt/emmer (not identified but spelt selected here to indicate presence of wheat). Relative quantities not specified.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
18062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
18065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19001,65 bulk samples taken but no data in the assessment report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19002,"Twenty two samples were analysed, most were well preserved. Grains and chaff elements are quantified in the report. Samples from the earliest roundhouse included a single spelt grain and a glume base, while a grain of emmer was also found. The roundhouse gullies outside the enclosure included a single oat grain and indeterminate wheat glume bases and fragments of indeterminate cereal grains. One pit produced very rich remains, dominated by cereals including grains of bread and spelt wheats, as well as chaff fragments including spikelet forks, glume bases and rachis fragments of emmer and spelt. Of the identified glume bases spelt were the most common. One of the postholes contained further plant remains and a field bean. The charred plant remains were seen as evidence for crop processing. Again, the hearth was rich, consisting predominantly of cereal chaff with both spelt and emmer present.",abundant,abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-1
19003,"14 samples analysed, 1 of Neolithic date, the others of mid-late Iron Age. Relatively few charred plant remains recovered. Crops grown were emmer and spelt, along with some barley, and other crops included peas. The majority of the cereal remains were chaff, such as spikelet forks, glume bases and rachis fragments, whilst a few grains of emmer and spelt were found. Finds of pignut and hazel nutshell suggest that some foodstuffs were gathered.",moderate,moderate,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-1
19004,"Five samples analysed, and most of the plant remains were preserved through waterlogging, though some charred material was also recovered. Plant remains were in general very well preserved. Quantities of sprouted grain from the military phase of the site interpreted as fodder. Grasses were from a wide range of habitats and may have included hay, possibly representing animal fodder. Suggestion that one or both of the identified buildings may have been stables. Wheat was the dominant cereal in all four major phases, with spelt being the most common, represented by grain, spikelet forks and glume bases in all phases, along with sprouted grain and rachis fragments in the military phase (c. AD 60-85) and both the civil settlement phases (late 1st/2nd-3rd century and 3rd/4th century). The next most common cereal was emmer. Bread wheat grain was found in the military phase and the earliest civilian phase, whilst emmer was found in the military and both civilian phases. Hulled barley was only rarely recorded, and the possibly cultivated oats were better represented than both the barley, flax and peas/beans. There appear to be few differences between the phases of occupation at the site, suggesting that there was no real change in the economy of the area during the occupation of the site.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,,minor,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,60,400
19005,No ancient cultivated plants despite sampling.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19010,"42 bulk samples, 17 analysed for plant data. Concentration of charred plant remains very sparse and fragmented. Also modern intrusion in some samples. Some hazelnut shells found in stake holes outside the roundhouse - either brought in on hazel wood brought in for domestic purposes or nuts as a food source. No cultivated plant remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
19011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19012,"Several samples taken, 5 analysed for charcoal. No cultivated plants recorded. Charcoal evidence suggested a plentiful supply of fuelwood from oak woodland.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
19013,"Two carbonised seeds, one an unidentified wheat grain (spelt assumed here).",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
19014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19015,"A sample was taken from the flue of the corn drier. Charred plant remains were numerous. The principal component of the assemblage was emmer/spelt grains, although chaff was relatively frequent. The presence of a wide range of arable weed seeds in the deposit suggests that crop processing waste was present, probably as fuel or tinder. Some evidence for sprouting - the possibility of evidence for malting is raised in the report, (though note by TB there does not seem to be sufficient numbers of sprouted grains to suggest malting). No grains were identified to species, though 31% of the glume bases were spelt (no emmer positively identified), so most if not all was spelt. A few hulled barley and oat grains were found. A small number of hazelnut fragments also recovered.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
19016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19018,"Charred grain and weed seeds were found including evidence of wheat, barley and oats, with a small amount of chaff and arable weeds. Some emmer and spelt positively identified but most was not identified to species. Emmer was apparently more prevalent than spelt. Bread wheat and rye possibly but not conclusively identified.",minor,moderate,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,10,410
19019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19022,37 bulk samples taken but no data other than charcoal.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19026,"A small group of wheat and unidentified cereal fragments recovered during sampling from the midden layer. Dating not certain, but possibly associated with the enclosure. Species uncertain, but wheat present (spelt assumed here).",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
19027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19028,"Four samples taken and grain, chaff and weed seeds were found in three samples. One context particularly rich. Wheat, (unspecified but spelt assumed here), oat and barley all present with wheat predominant. No quantification in report.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
19029,A section of the fort ditch was sampled and produced occasional charred plant remains. These included spelt glume bases and others of either emmer or spelt. Barley represented by one grain. Oat may have been from wild or cultivated species. General concentration very low. The small assemblage is quantified in the report.,minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,85
19030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19033,"Ten environmental samples taken, one from a Roman ditch produced charcoal and carbonised barley, cereal grains (unspecified),",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
19034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19038,"Charred plant remains recovered from prehistoric, Roman and post-Roman features. Assemblages are quantified. The majority were from Roman features associated with the square enclosure. The main cereal crops were spelt and emmer glume wheats, with spelt the dominant cereal, best represented by glume bases, though some grains also present. A small amount of barley and free-threshing wheat grains and rachis fragments also present, and a single bean. Also small quantities of oats. Many plant remains not closely identified to species.",abundant,moderate,moderate,minor,,minor,,,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
19039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19044,Plant remains present in one of the samples but no data in the evaluation report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19045,"No domestic cereal crops from samples, though oak and hazel recovered, and one damson stone, possibly a food source.",,,,,,,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,20,220
19046,Charred plant remains recovered from some features but not analysed as no dated finds were recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
19068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20001,"65 samples were recovered between 10 and 20L in volume. 27 contained identifiable material though only in low concentrations. Oak, hawthorn and blackthorn/cherry were identified from the charcoal. 9 samples produced cereal remains. No cereal chaff was recovered from any of the samples, but arable weed seeds were present. Spelt/emmer could not be differentiated. Data in archive.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
20002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20004,Specialist report not yet available,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20005,Awaiting finds report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20009,"23 samples showed that a range of woods and peat was used to fire the kilns. There was no evidence for the use of coppiced wood or woodland management, with fuel gathered from local wild resources. Some oak billets were identified. 4 samples were examined for charred plant remains. There results were quantified and presented by 1 litre flots. Glume bases from hulled wheats dominated, with lesser amounts wheat, barley and oat grain, whilst chaff from oat and barley were also present. Weed seeds were commonly of grasses and docks, whilst heather, sedges, and leguminous plants were also present. It is suggested that this represents material used as fuel.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,220
20010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20016,Charcoal analysis is suggestive of exploitation of primary rather than managed woodland.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
20017,Charcoal recorded but little detail other than species given.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20018,"78 samples were taken for analysis of charred plant remains, of which 43 dated to phase 3. The frequencies of taxa occurring by number of features shows a decrease in barley, a small increase in wheat (mostly spelt, but some bread and club wheat - emmer was absent), an increase in grasses, and an increase in legumes. Other weed seed were also identified in all phases. No differentiation was given in the quantities of grain or chaff, etc. and only relative frequencies of each taxon by sample were presented. Horse bean and lentil were identified. Atriplex patula was also identified and suggested to have been cultivated for consumption as spinach.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,moderate,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,100
20019,"Presence of cereal taxa by grain and chaff, and weed seeds presented by phase, but not full quantification. Raw data available from Sandra Nye and Martin Jones. 25ltr samples taken from random selection of contexts. Full range of cereals and other plant foods found at the site, perhaps reflective of the importing and goods to the site. Flax, pea and fava bean all present and appear first in the LIA, as do a number of weed seeds that were probably imported.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
20020,"No data, though environmental sampling was carried out looking at land-use (see report).",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20021,"Assemblage well quantified and overwhelmingly dominated by weed seeds, though grain and chaff also present. Pea present. Possible grass meadow species.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
20022,"Assemblage fully quantified. The contexts sampled are the 2nd/3rdC quarries and pits. There was a high density of plant remains per litre of sample - though this was influenced by the storage shaft. Although oat bases were recovered it was uncertain whether they were wild or not, but oat grain was relatively common. Overall ratio is high weed, medium grain, low chaff. High proportion of opium poppy seeds - medicinal?.",abundant,minor,minor,abundant,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
20023,"Two samples were taken from a late Roman corndrier and a contemporary 'cistern' with clay lining. Both samples contained cereal grain though a higher proportion was recovered from the corndrier. Spelt wheat dominated with smaller proportions of emmer and bread wheat. 12% (556) of the wheat grain in the drier had sprouted suggesting that the oven was used for malting. Only 8 sprouted grains came from the cistern. 5-6% of the grain was from barley and a smaller proportion of oats. Both samples were rich in hulled wheat chaff. Celtic bean was present, as was opium poppy (medicinal?) and possible pea. The samples differ considerably in terms of their weed seed contents - most present here are common arable weeds, though some indications of seasonality are apparent (see report). The samples are well quantified.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
20024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20027,No data - minimal excavation,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20028,No data - antiquarian excavation,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20030,The environmental sample was predominantly of peat types which grew in the ditch.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20033,"Lots of pollen analysis carried out (see site summary), but no work on charred plant remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20034,"Too few plants remains were recovered from dry flots, so the analysis focussed on the waterlogged material. 3 samples (300g) from a ditch produced a small amount of cereal (not specified) and many weed seeds. The results primarily indicate wetland and scrub.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,175
20035,"Assemblage broadly quantified. 3 samples were retrieved from the LIA phase and 7 from the early Roman phase. The basic data are divided into wheat, wheat chaff, barley, barley chaff culm nodes, weeds seeds (combined) and legumes. Information on individual species is given in discussion. Barley grain was more common than spelt in the LIA and Roman samples. Free-threshing and emmer wheats were present at the site, but it was not made explicit if these related to the LIA and ER phases. Legumes however, were restricted to the LIA and ER phases. Over 450 vicia faba beans derived from a single pit context, far more than all cereal remains from this site. Both autecological and synecological approaches have been taken to the weed taxa from the site; autecological data is supplied from Hillman 1984 and G Jones 1984.",moderate,,minor,moderate,,abundant,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,100
20036,"The sample from oven 4 was almost complete devoid of chaff, including mostly cleaned grain, predominantly of spelt with a few grains of bread wheat and barley. Weed seeds were not mentioned in the report, but the assemblage has been quantified. c.5% of the grains had sprouted, but it is argued that this is too little to suggest malting, and that the grain had been roasted to stall the germination process prior to grinding or straight consumption.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,375
20037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20038,No mention of plant remains but post-ex yet to be carried out,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20040,"The archaeobotanical assemblage was predominantly of grains of spelt, much of which had been burnt whilst still in spikelet form. Einkorn was present as were a few grains of club or bread wheat, plus barley and oats. All the barley grain had sprouted. Since none of the wheat had sprouted the assemblage is suggestive of more than one source/episode of deposition. A complete lack of weed seeds is surprising. Assemblage quantified -  three samples, 10cm3.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
20041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20050,"The report does not discuss the remains by phase. Charred cereal grain, chaff and weed seeds were recovered in all samples from each phase. Spelt grain dominant, but small number of free-threshing and emmer wheat is possible.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
20051,323 grains of carbonised wheat were identified from a pit. Charcoal also identified.,abundant,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
20052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20055,"Ten bulk samples were taken for the recovery of charred remains, generally in 10 litres but varying between 1 and 20 litres depending on the context. Assemblage quantified. All of the samples contained cereal remains. In particular chaff of emmer and spelt wheat was present and dominant in all the samples. While emmer and spelt chaff were in roughly equal proportions in most of the samples, emmer chaff dominated in a few. Barley was also recorded, as was Celtic bean. One sample contained a large quantity of beans, many of which appeared to have been subjected to predation by insects, probably bean weevils, leaving distinctive holes within the cotyledon. Weed seeds were generally few. Those present, dock, oats/brome grass, vetch/tare and cleavers, are  all common weeds of arable crops. The high numbers of glumes compared to grain and higher presence in general of large weed seeds is consistent with the final processing stages of crops stored in spikelet form.",moderate,abundant,,minor,,moderate,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
20056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20057,"Three environmental samples from Roman quarry pits contained archaeobotanical remains. One included a particularly rich range of weed seeds. The cereal remains were quantified, but were not found in abundance. They included grain from free-threshing wheat and barley, with chaff from these two species and from hulled wheats.",minor,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
20058,"Two LIA samples were taken from a burial and a layer, and both were fully quantified. Grain, chaff and weed seeds were broadly equal in quantity. Spelt and emmer were only present as chaff.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
20059,Three late Roman samples were taken from ditch deposits of the trackway. The assemblages were fully quantified. Spelt wheat chaff dominated. Pea and Celtic bean were present.,abundant,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
20060,"53 Roman samples were taken which are quantified on the microfiche. The remains appeared to be predominantly from later stages of processing, mostly as stored semi-cleaned grain. Apart from one oven sample, the ER assemblage was mostly of redeposited remains.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
20061,"A large number of LIA and Roman samples were taken, many with both charred and waterlogged remains. Only five samples are quantified in the report however. Of those quantified a mid-2nd-mid-3rdC AD pit contained a substantial quantity of charred emmer grain, some emmer chaff, with very minor incursions of barley and oat and very few weed seeds. Four 4thC AD samples included far greater quantities of non-cereal remains. Taxa included cannabis, grape, apple, blackberry, a large quantity of elderberry, fig, olive, raspberry, strawberry, hazelnut, plum, henbane, hemlock, and flax. Spelt wheat remains were present in small quantities. Report gives an overview of some of the possible uses of some of the taxa recovered. Field beans were noted from an early Roman sample. A 4thC AD insect report is also present.",minor,abundant,,minor,,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,150,375
20062,"See appendix for charred plant details (though chaff not mentioned - possibly all from grain). Three samples produced grain (chaff not mentioned): barley and oats, plus some pea/vetch.",,,,abundant,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
20063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20065,Samples dated to the prehistoric use of the site.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20066,"Three samples were examined from a 4thC AD pottery kiln. Two samples were quite rich in glumes of spelt wheat and grains of wheat and barley, and included some weed seeds including brome grass and oats. Although associated with the kiln there was little to no evidence for wood charcoal in the samples. The samples were in keeping with Romano-British settlement evidence.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
20067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20075,No plant remains were recovered from the site.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20076,A mass of charcoal present but no details.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20080,"15 IA and Roman samples are fully quantified in the published report ranging from the M/LIA to Roman samples. Barley appears to be most frequent in terms of grains with spelt, emmer, bread wheat and oats all present in less quantities. One IA context produced an overwhelming number of barley grains. Possible management of oak woodland. Mixed woodland present more generally.",minor,minor,minor,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
20081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
20087,"Plant remains were fully quantified, and a range of contexts were sampled including those from grain-driers. The latter appears to be mostly chaff used for fuel. A wide range of cultivated plants were identified, possibly including pea, and weed seeds were well represented. Hazelnut shell was identified as was one specimen of purging flax.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
20088,"Assemblage fully quantified - 9 samples (good report). Large deposits of charred remains recovered from corn-driers (all mid-late Roman), but also a pit, a ditch, and ovens provide comparative samples. All the wheat appears to be spelt with no positive ids of emmer. Small numbers of embryos were present, but not in quantities indicative of malting. The material from the driers suggest that substantial cereal processing was being carried out. A barley-rich assemblage, with a few oats and no chaff, was recovered from one pit. The specialist suggests that this material was brought to the site fully processed or that the chaff has not survived the charring process. Pea/bean remains occur in small quantities, and a large number of brassica seeds (cultivated cabbage/turnip/rape and black mustard types) suggest that these horticultural taxa were being cultivated on site or that their seeds may have been deliberately imported as an oil crop or for flavourings. A hazelnut shell fragment and a charred fruit stone may have been brought in with fire wood. One RB pit with evidence for iron smithing was sampled for charcoal which was predominantly from immature oak roundwood.",abundant,,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,150,400
20089,"Samples from the Iron Age settlement and the late Roman pottery centre were taken. The assemblage was fully quantified in the report. Substantial variation in the ratio of grain to chaff was noted between different feature types: kilns = high chaff and low grain, and other contexts = low chaff and high grain. It is suggested that the processing of arable produce was highly organised and centralised at the site, so that processing waste could be utilised for fuel. It was difficult to assess the relative importance of different cereals due to the variation in survival of free-threshing cereals compared to hulled spelt and emmer. Other species included a charred flax seed, rye, elderberries and blackberries, a plum stone, as well as mallow which was relatively common and may have been cultivated for consumption. Charcoal from the late Iron Age/early Roman ditches was from narrow roundwood suggested to be from managed woodland, with a wide range of taxa present. Samples from 18 3rd/4thC AD pottery kilns were also taken. Remains were consistently from narrow roundwood, predominantly from oak, but also from heather, blackthorn, hawthorn sp., ash, willow/poplar, and elder. Estimated measurement suggested diameters of less than 15mm when cropped. Fast-grown oak largewood was also present in a late Roman context.  Pollen indicates that the LIA/Roman landscape was largely open and arable. Given the quantities of wood required for fuel, particularly in the late Roman phase, it seems likely that either pockets of well-managed, perhaps coppiced woodland were present nearby, or the wood would had to have been imported from further afield.",minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-50,400
21001,Burnt grain identified as wheat,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,750
21002,"Ten samples from the corndriers revealed charred spelt grain/chaff and weeds, along with limited emmer, barley and bread wheat and some oats. Evidence for malting. A sample from a later Roman well contained grain pest insects, as well as charred spelt grains and waterlogged wild plants indicating an open environment. Quantified assemblage",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
21003,"Pollen sample from an early Roman ditch showing evidence for marine influence typical of salt marsh. Over time the ditch became a largely fresh water environment, perhaps relating to the reclamation of the levels in the mid 3rd C AD. Small quantities of charred plant remains were found in some early Roman ditches and pits, comprising spelt wheat glumes, barley and rye, along with some oat grains.",minor,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,150
21004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21007,"The later Roman enclosure complexes were extensively sampled for the retrieval of plant macrofossil remains. The charred remains include a large deposit of charred cereal grains and chaff, and a large assemblage of weed seeds. The cereals are dominated by wheat grains, represented by both spelt, and lesser amounts of bread wheat. Numerous glume bases and spikelet forks confirm the dominance of spelt wheat, and also free-threshing internodes (bread wheat) and some emmer wheat spikelet forks.  Evidence for some sprouted barley grains. Oat floret bases confirm the presence of both domesticated and wild oats. Possible evidence for hay meadows (Yellow Rattle) and possible fennel, along with Celtic/horse bean. The later Roman palaeoenvironmental assemblages in general represent freshwater conditions and are suggestive of ditches with a range of environments from open to well-vegetated, with slow-moving to stagnant water. Quantified assemblage",abundant,minor,moderate,minor,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,250,400
21008,"The corndrier and its associated palaeochannel, along with the enclosure complexes, were extensively sampled for the retrieval of plant macrofossil remains. Wheat and barley grains were recovered from the corndrier, with more barley than wheat in ten out of twelve samples analysed. Well-preserved glume bases and spikelet forks, dominated by spelt. Barley rachis internodes were also quite abundant. Limited sprouted wheat/barley grains. Oat grains were consistently present, three of these having sprouted. Some evidence for Celtic/Horse Bean. The vast majority of the charred weed assemblage from the enclosures consists of plants of grassland and meadow habitats, including hay meadows. The palaeoenvironmental assemblages in general represent freshwater conditions and are suggestive of ditches with a range of environments from open to well-vegetated, with slow-moving to stagnant water. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,250,350
21009,"The late Roman environmental assemblages from Puxton suggest an almost wholly freshwater environment in the drainage ditches with just occasional influxes of slightly brackish water, and extensive areas of pasture and meadow.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,250,350
21010,"Extensive environmental sampling was carried out in 1996-7 and lesser amounts in 1990. The range of cultivated plants and associated weed assemblages recovered throughout the different phases of activity are very similar, with both wheat and barley grains present throughout, wheat on the whole being predominant. Many grains and glume bases confirm dominance of spelt wheat. Also some bread wheat grains and oats. The fact that fine chaff and weed seeds have been recovered from the Roman town does suggest that the crops were being brought into the town partly processed, the spelt wheat perhaps in spikelet form, with the final cleaning and removal of grain from chaff taking place in the settlement. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,400
21011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21016,"Samples from the late Roman well include stone of cherry, plum, apple, pear and other trees as well as grain, hazelnuts and walnuts. Also evidence for box (hedges?) and imported stone pine scale. Other plant material comprised coriander, cabbage/mustard, spelt wheat (from corndrier and well), barley and Celtic bean.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,250,375
21017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21023,"Three deposits were sampled from Roman features for plant remains.  Cereal remains, chaff and weed seeds were sparse, and included grains of barley and wheat, and spelt wheat chaff.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
21024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21027,"A series of 47 bulk samples taken in 2002 and 309 samples in 2010/11 (171 from IA contexts, 3 from RB contexts, though these produced few remains). Cereal remains were present in a number of the Iron Age deposits, with emmer, and spelt wheat and barley grains both identified. Glume bases of both emmer and spelt were recorded, and lesser numbers of oat and vetch/wild pea and cultivated pea/ Celtic bean. Burnt deposits of black mustard seed appears to have been collected and perhaps cultivated - they found in unusual quantities within mid-late Iron Age 'special' pit deposits. A large quantity of Celtic bean seeds also found in a 'special' pit deposit.",moderate,abundant,,moderate,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,50
21028,"An undated alluvial layer produced a moderate number of cereal remains. These included fragments of grain of barley and grains and glumes of hulled wheat, emmer or spelt. Probably Roman.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21029,"A total of 223 samples were taken from the excavations from a range of features of prehistoric and Romano-British date. Notably glumes and grains of spelt were commoner in the Roman kiln samples and other deposits with mid/later Romano-British pottery (emmer appears less dominant in these Romano-British samples), whereas the Iron Age/early Roman deposits where cereal remains were present, contained mainly emmer and sometimes only emmer wheat. Grains of hulled barley and oats were also present in several of the samples. Also fragments of hazelnut. A moderate quantity of cereal remains, including grain fragments of barley and possibly of hulled wheat, were retrieved from an outer Romano-British field boundary ditch.",moderate,moderate,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,325
21030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21032,"Grain samples came from a occupation deposit within a late Roman building. Most of the identified samples were of bread type wheat. , along with a few grains of barley.",,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,380
21033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21035,"Two samples from Roman contexts. An early Roman posthole contained a quantity of charred bread type wheat grains along with some barley and oats along with bread wheat rachis nodes (note: there is a possibility of contamination with sample, as it is more like medieval samples). A late Roman ditch contained small amounts of emmer and undetermined wheat grains along with some barley and oats, and spelt glume bases. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,minor,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
21036,"Samples from a late Roman context contained occasional wheat and barley grains, and emmer and spelt wheat glume bases.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,350
21037,"A single sample, from mid-late 2 C (pre-villa) ditch produced a quantity of wheat grains, along with some emmer and much larger quantities of spelt glume bases. It is likely to represent waste from the later stages of crop processing. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,200
21038,A sample from a late Roman hearth produced charred wheat grains and some barley along with spelt glume bases. Quantified assemblage.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,350
21039,A layer of burnt spelt grain in a ditch was radiocarbon dated to 110 BC - AD 140 and 200 BC - AD 70 (both 95% confidence).,moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
21040,"A sample from a 2nd C AD ditch produced occasional spelt glume bases and grains of oats, barley and indeterminate cereals.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
21041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21043,"A sample from a ditch contained charred plant remains indicative of an arable environment. Cereals comprised oats, emmer wheat, spelt wheat and spelt glume bases. It is a small assemblage and not possible to ascertain the dominant crop.",minor,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,270,400
21044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21046,Some possible charred spelt wheat grains found in a ditch during an evaluation south of the villa.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
21047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21049,Ash wood charcoal burnt in the lime-kiln.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
21050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21052,A corndrier associated with a spread of burnt grain (almost entirely barley) was found within the villa building in the 1959-60 excavations (associated with corndrier). A soil sample taken from the probable villa boundary ditch in 1998 was particularly rich in charred grain and chaff (taxa not specified) indicating that crop processing took place in the immediate vicinity. Also smaller amounts of charred peas/beans.,abundant,,,abundant,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,350
21053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21058,In total 26 samples were taken from the evaluation but no specific evidence from Roman period features.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
21059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21061,"Sample taken from middle-late Iron Age and Roman features. The earlier samples included one from a roundhouse gully with relatively significant numbers of cereal remains including a single grain of spelt and unidentified glume bases of hulled wheat. A sample from an Iron Age 'scoop' contained emmer glume bases. A sample from the late Iron Age/early Roman ditch contained rachises of barley. Only one later Roman sample containing any cereal remain, comprising a few glumes of spelt. The paucity of remains from these samples reflects the lack of domestic occupation at this time.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
21062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21063,"A total of 45 bulk samples taken. Samples from middle to late Iron Age features contained small amounts of probable emmer wheat and barley with one possible bread wheat grain.  During the later Roman period the settlement was engaged in large scale cereal production and processing, with spring and autumn crops (mainly spelt wheat with some barley, emmer and bread wheat) and evidence for hay meadows from waterlogged remain in late Roman well. The sample from the late Roman well is dominated by cereal chaff. Very occasional germinated grain, consistent with spoiling not malting. Also substantial quantities of pulses from some samples (Celtic bean). Beekeeping suggested and a grain weevil is suggestive of storage of grain/flour. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,-100,380
21064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21070,The samples indicate nothing more than wheat and barley were present on site. Also pollen evidence for carrot.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,200,400
21071,"Four samples from late Roman contexts produced charred plant remains. Three from ditches produced small amounts of spelt glume bases and barley grains, while a pit produced a larger assemblage of probable spelt and barley grain. Also limited evidence for oats and pulses (pea).",moderate,,,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
21072,"Three samples from later Roman (or general Roman) phase features were analysed for charred plant remains. The quantities were fairly small  and wheat predominated, with most glume bases being characteristic of spelt. Also minimal barley and oat. Cereal chaff and weed seeds predominate indicating waste from processing. Molluscan data indicates open short dry grassland. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,425
21073,A sample through the ditch contained charred grains of spelt/emmer along with spelt glume bases. Also oats and a few grains of bread type wheat. A relative paucity of chaff compared to grain and small number of weed seeds suggests this represents processed grain. Mollusc samples indicate open lightly grazed  grassland. Quantified assemblage.,moderate,,minor,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
21074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21086,Environmental samples exist but not yet analysed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21091,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21093,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21094,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21095,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21097,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21099,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21101,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21102,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21103,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21104,no data,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,330,360
21105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21106,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21108,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21110,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21113,A single carbonized wheat grain was noted in a Roman ditch.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
21114,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21115,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21116,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21117,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21118,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21120,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21121,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21123,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21124,Six environmental samples were retrieved. One sample contained carbonised barley.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
21125,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21126,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21127,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
21128,"Charred and waterlogged plant remains included spelt wheat, barley, beans and peas (relative frequency unknown).",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-50
21129,Three samples taken for plant remains from recent excavations. No cereal remains encountered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-50
21130,"Five samples were taken -three from Romano-British ditches, one from a dump deposit, and one from a Late Iron Age/Romano-British ditch. The possible Iron Age sample contained relatively little material with just a few glume bases and seeds. The three Romano-British ditch samples contained a reasonable quantity of charred material, mostly grains of hulled wheats emmer or spelt and glumes of hulled wheat of which only spelt was identified. Grains of hulled barley also found in lesser quantity. One sample also had some germinated grain and coleoptiles, and a single seed of coriander was also recovered.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,360
21131,"Three bulk samples were taken, with high numbers of charred plant remains recovered. The cereal remains were dominated by those of hulled wheat, emmer or spelt, including grain, glume and spikelet fork fragments. There were also barley grain fragments. No germinated grain was noted. The mollusc assemblages are indicative of a broadly open environment.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
21132,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22007,"Samples contained carbonised plant material in a good state of preservation. Samples taken from hearth deposits contain large quantities of plant material, dominated by cereal grains, including chaff fragments and some seeds of wild plants. Fill of corn drier provided the most samples with abundant spelt and bread wheat, some oat, a smaller amount of barley, legume and some wild plants and seeds. Evidence from the corn drier suggests that grain was dried before threshing.",abundant,,abundant,minor,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
22008,"Limited data - some waterlogged wood recovered including from the fill of the well - identified as Alder, with another piece from the well identified as possible pine. Seeds recovered from three samples and included evidence for Barley - this was the only cereal recorded, the rest being herbs or shrubs along with blackberry and walnut. Little agricultural evidence present. All but two carbonised cereal grains were seeds of plants probably growing locally, perhaps excepting Walnut (a Roman introduction to Britain).",,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,140,400
22009,No evidence of cultivated plants. Pollen analysis showed a general concordance to the standard British pollen sequences.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22063,"Pollen and plant macrofossils included a range of wetland and dryland taxa, providing evidence for an essentially cleared landscape with evidence for both arable and pasture. No plant data for domesticated species.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
22064,"Carbonised grain was found adhering to an unstratified rotary quern of Hunsbury type. As Hunsbury querns date from the mid-to-late Iron Age, into the early Roman period, a broad date range for the plant samples must be given.",,moderate,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-400,100
22065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22072,"Carbonised grain was found adhering to an unstratified rotary quern of Hunsbury type. As Hunsbury querns date from the mid-to-late Iron Age, into the early Roman period, a broad date range for the plant samples must be given.",,moderate,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-400,100
22073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22075,"Very few charred plant remains recovered from samples - a grain of barley, a grain of hulled wheat - emmer or spelt. Also hazelnut shell fragments.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
22076,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
22082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23003,"Samples were taken from features of Roman date near Roman graves. Charred plant remains excluding charcoal were found in only one of the 12 samples. The very low density of remains, a single chaff fragment (probably spelt) in only one sample and lack of charred plant remains in the rest of the samples examined, suggest that the site is away from the area of occupation or other cereal related activities.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
23004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23006,The botanical evidence supported the suggestion that the corn driers were used for processing grain. There was no evidence for malting. Wheat and possibly barley were processed in the corn drier. Spelt was positively identified and some wheat was identified as spelt or emmer (these have been assumed to be spelt here as spelt is more commonly recovered from Roman sites). The presence of chaff suggests that crop processing probably occurred on site and cobbled surfaces were interpreted as possible threshing floors.,abundant,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
23007,"A group of botanically rich deposits were recovered from several ditches and pits of the final phase of settlement. The compositions of these assemblages were similar, with grain forming a minor component and chaff the major component in all bar one. The chaff assemblages are seen as typical of residues from final stages of processing spelt wheat",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,225,350
23008,"A rich botanical sample came from an AD 1st century context, with an abundance of cereal grain, mostly spelt-type wheat with small quantities of barley and oat. The mall amount of weeds and chaff suggests that this was cleaned grain rather than crop-processing residue. Charcoal from an oven was mainly oak. The specific selection of oak to fuel the oven has been suggested as indicating that the oven may have been for non-domestic activities.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,75
23009,"The late-first to mid-second century circular pit included an assemblage noteworthy for the presence of identifiable cereal grain as well as elder and possible flax seeds and heather stem fragments. Small numbers of sprouted grains are considered more likely to be residues of natural spoilage rather than malting. The presence of the red legged ham beetle is of significance because it is associated with dried meat or fish and its occurrence in the well may perhaps reflect an association with imported food such as garum fish sauce, perhaps in one of the amphorae represented by sherds in the well. Exploitation of wild fruits is perhaps suggested by uncharred seeds of elder, bramble or raspberry, sloe, plum or bullace and wild cherry, though these may derive from local hedgerows. Pollen evidence and evidence from beetle remains support a picture of an open grazed pasture landscape with some disturbed ground and waste places but largely free of trees.",minor,,,,,,minor,minor,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
23010,Charred plant remains were found in very low concentrations. Spelt and barley were present as well as hazel nutshell as well as possibly sloe and hawthorn.,minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
23011,"A small number of carbonised wheat grains were recovered from both phases but were not more closely identifiable. A few carbonised grains of barley were recovered from Phase 2, identified as a hulled variety of cultivated barley. The cereal grains were found in features associated with the houses and so may constitute refuse from food preparation. No evidence for crop processing or of the origin of the cereals was found. Cereal impressions on pottery indicated oat and possibly emmer but as these may not be local these have not been included below.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-175,50
23012,"Charred plant remains provide evidence for cereals in the form of spelt and a small amount of emmer. Hazelnut, sloe and wild cherry/plum fruit stones suggest the exploitation of 'wild' food resources from scrub/woodland margin, or possibly hedgerow.",moderate,minor,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
23013,"2 20 litre samples of Roman date were assessed. The environmental evidence was considered to be very poor although it may also reflect the peripheral nature of the Roman site. The weeds present were all indicative of disturbed ground, suggesting land clearance.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
23014,"One context contained abundant charred cereal grains, many of which were well preserved. Most were consistent with spelt wheat. A small amount of emmer and bread wheat were also found. The high proportion of grains with the low ratios of glumes and weed seeds showed that it was a cleaned prime grain product. As there were no signs of burning in the pit it was concluded that the grain had been burnt elsewhere before being deposited in the pit.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
23015,The charred cereal evidence indicates spelt to have been the principal cereal crop with barley as a secondary cereal Some emmer may have been cultivated but the evidence is slight. There is some evidence in the samples for the utilisation of wild scrubland and woodland resources. Fragments of hazelnut and sloe stones were present. The economy of the site has been seen as mixed.,abundant,minor,,moderate,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-400,50
23016,"Carbonised plant remains were found in low concentrations in both IA and Roman contexts. IA samples produced evidence for emmer and spelt. The Roman samples produced wheat, but the poor condition of the grains meant that they could not be identified further. Barley was present as an additional cereal in the Roman period. Other cultivated food plants indicated by fragments only are possibly peas or beans and blackberry may represent a gathered food. Wild radish and the cabbage family are also listed under plant remains from the Roman period in the tabulated data in the report, but not discussed in the text. Legumes are also tabulated for the late IA and Roman periods.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-150,150
23017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23021,"Grains of barley and wheat and seeds of common cereal crop weeds (namely stinking mayweed and brome were present within all but sample 5. However, the density of material was exceedingly low, and only rarely did an assemblage contain more than one specimen. Preservation was very poor, with most of the grains being very badly puffed and distorted, probably as a result of combustion at very high temperatures. Minute charcoal fragments were noted within five of the samples, and small pieces of charred root/stem were present in two. It would appear most likely that the few remains recovered from the assemblages are present as accidental inclusions within the feature fills. As there is no evidence for the primary deposition of refuse, it is assumed that the ditches and other features were not situated close to any centre of either domestic or agricultural activity.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
23022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23024,"A high density of cereal remains were recovered from the corn driers. The corn driers were dominated by chaff. The majority of identifiable glumes were spelt along with some emmer and a small amount of free-threshing wheat. A few barley grains were also found. The evidence has been interpreted as an indication that the site was engaged in extensive agricultural activity, perhaps processing cereals for supply to other sites. Although some germination of cereals had taken place in the corn driers, this is not thought to represent evidence for malting.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
23025,Moderate amounts of charred plant remains were recovered. Hulled barley and glume wheat of either emmer or spelt was present. Spelt was also present.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
23026,"Cereals present were glume wheat and barley. Barley chaff is also present in two of the samples. Three of the samples were dominated by seeds. These samples with chaff and weed seeds outnumbering cereal grains represent cereal cleaning waste. The density of remains is relatively high for this period and may suggest more emphasis on cereal production or use at this site than at other sites with lower densities in the county. However, other factors such as preservation may have had an effect. A greater variety of weeds was found at this site than Site 1, this increase has been noted on sites of later dates. This may be explained by differences in the geology or possibly the cultivation of better drained land, suggested by some of the weeds present. Further analysis may assist in explaining these differences. Hazel nutshell was present as the only evidence of the use of gathered food.",,,,,minor,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
23027,"A waterlogged pit was sampled for environmental evidence, and indicates an open grassland environment for the site. Most of the samples produced some items of charred plant remains but in very low densities all below one item per litre of sediment which is very low, particularly for the Roman period. The remains included occasional grains of glume wheat and barley with single numbers of chaff fragments (glumes) probably mainly of spelt. Occasional charred seeds included cleavers, docks, vetches and large grasses, also in single numbers, and all known as arable weeds of the time. The cereal remains were abraded and broken and these together with the weed seeds, may represented a scatter of waste from either domestic activity or even from cereal processing at some distance from the area. The remains could equally represent remains from straw and weeds used as kindling perhaps from waste fodder. The samples from the graves contained this same low density waste perhaps as part of the same scatter in the soil, there was nothing to suggest that the cereal waste was included deliberately with the burials. It is not impossible that the abraded waste was from earlier occupation although the lack of earlier features argues against this.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
23028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23032,"Iron Age samples from a pit of the North Pit Alignment contained a grain of barley, a grain of wheat and ten seeds mainly of grass including brome grass with a seed of vetch. Charcoal was relatively abundant and was extracted for radiocarbon dating. Samples from a pit  at the south end of the alignment contained only small charcoal fragments.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-800,50
23033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23034,"The one sample contained only a few charred plant remains at a low density in the feature sampled, indicating that this was possibly near the edge of domestic activity, or perhaps at some distance from where the cereals were being processed. The only find was of a few charred cereal grains with occasional weed seeds in one sample. There were too few remains to interpret except as a low density of possible domestic or other waste from cereal use, no chaff was found. The maximum density of remains in the best sample was only 0.6 items per litre of soil. Domestic waste can include grains spilled during food preparation may represent domestic waste burnt in hearths. This waste may be raked from hearths and dumped or accumulated as a scatter on occupation sites. Plant materials for other purposes such as kindling may be represented by the grassy remains here in samples 3.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,150
23035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23040,"The numerous cereal grains represented include spelt and glume wheat and barley. The remains found here are likely to represent small scale cereal cleaning and food preparation waste from domestic hearths scattered about the site. This is similar to types found on other Iron Age sites from the Midlands. The numerous weeds from arable and disturbed soils represented suggest that there were areas of well drained soils nearby that were cleared and utilised for the growing of crops. Most of the remains represent waste from the processing of cereals after harvesting (e.g. cleaning, de-husking) rather than grain itself. A posthole sample from Posthole Group 1 did yield a rich sample of cleaned cereal that indicates that processed grain could have been stored in this area. Therefore it is possible the posthole group may be part of a structure associated with the processing/storing of grain within the settlement. The inhabitants? diet would have been supplemented by collecting nuts and berries from the local area, such as hazelnuts represented by shells found in the samples.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-175,20
23041,"Spelt and barley were present, spelt being identified through a few chaff fragments. The low quantity of cereal grains recovered were seen as indicative of a lack of domestic activity or food preparation using cereals on this part of the site.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
23042,"Environmental information from a ditch fill of late Iron Age date suggests an open environment with probable grassland pasture and wet ditches. Charred plant remains were low in density. The main cereal was spelt wheat with occasional remains of emmer and barley. Some chaff was represented but only sparsely. A small number of sloe stones indicated gathering of fruit. A small number of fragments of legume, possibly pea or bean, represent another crop.",moderate,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,15
23043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23045,An environmental sample produced one fragment of cereal grain (unspecified).,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
23046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23047,"Final report on Albion excavated plant remains provided by Angela Monkton. Most samples contained charred plant remains. Identified cereal mainly glume wheat and barley. Chaff was numerous and was mostly spelt, some possibly emmer. Little evidence of germination of grains. Other food plants were scarce - occasional legume fragments were possibly peas or beans. Hazelnut shell present in one sample. The development of agricultural methods was suggested by the presence of weed seeds associated with more efficient ploughing and an increase in production was suggested by more abundant remains in the mid and late Roman period. In the NA eval report preservation was by charring only. Charcoal was too fragmentary and abraded to permit further identification. Seeds and grains were reasonably well preserved with moderate levels of fragmentation and abrasion. The cereal taxa present were: spelt, wheat (unspecified) and naked barley. These are all expected for the Roman period. The wild/weed taxa present were fat hen, small indeterminate pulses, buttercup and dock, most of which are common crop or ruderal weeds. The ecofacts appear to represent background material that is washed or blown into the features from activities taking place elsewhere.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
23048,Overall the archaeobotanical evidence was very poor. Only one sample produced cereal remains - minor wheat grains and spelt chaff.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,150
23049,"Preservation was solely by charring. Fragmentation and abrasion were at a low level. Spelt and barley appear to be the dominant cereal taxa recovered.  The high percentage of chaff to grain seen in one of the samples, along with a higher number of weed/wild seeds than are in the other samples, could suggest the burning of chaff following processing with some grain accidently incorporated in the action. In turn this suggests that crop processing (e.g. threshing, winnowing) was taking place somewhere on or near the site.",abundant,,,moderate,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
23050,Samples were taken but results were not provided in the assessment report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23055,"Charred plant remains were not well preserved, and in many cases identification to species level was difficult. Spelt, freethreshing wheat, barley, rye were identified and oat was abundant although whether wild or cultivated was uncertain. Some grains were either spelt or emmer, although as none were identified definitely as emmer this has not been selected below. The presence of heavy chaff (e.g. fragments of culm), together with lighter chaffs (e.g. glume bases) and small weeds, suggests that the assemblage represents a mixture of crop waste from different stages of crop processing. The most remarkable aspect of the Romano-British sample is the large quantity of oat grains, whether wild or cultivated.",minor,,minor,moderate,minor,,,,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
23056,Charred cereal grains were found in four of the five samples with occasional weed seeds and chaff in one of the samples; the cereals were barley and spell. There were too few remains to interpret the samples except as a low density scatter of domestic or other waste from cereal use.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
23057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23058,"One sample was probably from a Roman context and interpreted as demonstrative of the detritus from the storage of grain. The specialist writes 'There were a moderate number of various cereal grains entering this area as detritus, although not a large enough number to reveal for certain that grain processing was occurring on site, as there were so few chaff fragments found. The seeds recovered in this area help to support the idea that this layer is from the Roman period, as Spelt, a seed common to the Roman period, was found here. It was rarely used during the medieval period. As the number of seeds recovered was minimal however, any interpretation is difficult to make'. Cabbage type brassicas were also recovered from the Roman sample.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,400
23059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23063,"Cereal grains/chaff and weed seeds were present at a very low density in all four samples taken. Oat, barley and wheat grains were recorded, with wheat occurring marginally more frequently. Wheat chaff, including a small number of double-keeled spelt glume bases, was also noted. A fragment of a sloe stone was also found.",minor,,,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
23064,"Insubstantial environmental evidence  - a waterlogged wheat spikelet fork and charcoal fragments from the waterhole, and a few mostly broken and abraded cereal grains identifiable to glume wheat (spelt assumed here), hulled and six row barley. Also occasional flax seeds and legume fragments, as well as hazelnut shells. See report for quantification. Pollen suggested an open landscape.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
23065,"A small amount of carbonised and uncharred material was found in most sampled contexts, although no identifiable cereal grains were found in Roman contexts. Charred material included emmer, spelt and barley. Oats present may have been wild. The presence of some chaff and seeds suggests that crop processing may have occurred nearby. Two late Iron Age pit samples produced a much higher density of material, predominantly barley grain. Fragments of hazelnut shell were also found.",minor,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
23067,"A low density of charred plant remains were recovered and few cereal grains were identified (1 barley and 9 indeterminate cereals). Chaff was better represented - including emmer and spelt, though most was identified as only one of either of these species. Hazelnut shell was also found. The higher proportion of chaff and weed seeds than grain suggests that crop processing may have occurred nearby.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
23068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23069,"Cereal grains and chaff represented, though most not identified to species (mostly spelt or emmer). Spelt was definitely present and probably so was emmer. Some oats may have been present (uncertain whether wild or cultivated). Cereal grains and predominantly chaff were present in the IA samples but none identified to species. No samples were taken from the early Roman phase and so all identified grains can be regarded as late Roman. The possible threshing floor surface produced grains and chaff and the corn drier was rich in carbonised material, including a few cereal grains and numerous by-products, mainly wheat glume bases, spelt glumes and a few oat awns. There was no evidence for germination, and the corn drier was regarded as likely to have been used for preparing grain for storage and consumption and the site may have been involved in the supply of grain to Leicester.",moderate,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
23070,"The small charred plant assemblages from the Romano-British samples mainly represent the debris from the final stages of crop-cleaning/food preparation; the chaff fragments from the de-husking of hulled spelt wheat, which usually took place immediately before the grains were used, and the grains themselves, which may have been accidentally burnt during de-husking, while being dried before storage and/or milling or as a result of cooking accidents.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
23071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
23073,A sample from a probable Roman context included a number of grains but these were unidentified to species other than wheat. Also possible oat. Also legumes.,,,,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
23074,Emmer or spelt.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
23075,"Oat, barley and wheat recorded, wheat predominant. Wheat apparently spelt though minor bread wheat.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24001,"Plant data recovered, but none demonstrably of RB date. The assemblage more characteristic of an IA assemblage.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24002,"No data, but one building interpreted as a possible malting kiln (corndrier).",,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24003,"On site pollen evidence indicts a succession from hazel scrub to mixed oakwood in the earlier Iron Age, clearance of woodland and intensive mixed agriculture by the 2nd or 1st centuries BC and the development of secondary woodland and pastoral farming at a later date. Fruits represented were predominantly hazelnut, hawthorn and elderberry.",moderate,,minor,abundant,,minor,abundant,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
24005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24008,"Wheat (unspecified), barley and possible oat were recovered in small quantities along with further unidentifiable cereal grains. Chaff was nearly absent and there was no evidence for crop-processing. Environmental evidence suggests Area 1 was open and Area 2 was more shadier (with perhaps localised woodland).",,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-500,50
24009,"The plant assemblages are quantified in the report. Most poorly preserved and unidentifiable. Cereal crops identified in the late Iron Age and Roman period samples include spelt and hulled barley, with both grain and chaff identified. Most samples produced only minor to moderate evidence for unspecified wheat - where wheat only is given as an identification spelt is assumed here, as emmer was not positively identified.  Traces of bread wheat gains also found and small numbers of oat. The flue from a late Roman corn drier produced an exceptionally large assemblage of spelt and unidentified wheat - almost entirely grains - where identified almost entirely spelt. A large proportion of the cereal grains from the corn drier had sprouted, possibly more than 2/3rds - possible evidence for malting. Carrot family present in early Roman and 3rd century contexts, and small rounded legumes present in early Roman and the corn drier flue. Cabbage or mustard also present in a LIA 1st century and a 3rd century context. Also hazelnut shell fragments from early, mid and 3rd century contexts.",abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,350
24010,The ring ditches yielded a few charred cereal grains; a glume wheat base as well as barley or wheat grain and small pieces of hazelnut shell.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-300,50
24011,Good environmental data for an open grassland with some woodland or scrub and limited areas of cultivation. No cereal remains.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-300,50
24012,"Three samples from ditches include cereals, chaff and wild plant seeds, but although typical field weeds are present grassland species appear relatively more prominent. The seeds of sedges and jointed rush suggest a background of damp grassland, possibly bordering the ditches. Unidentified cereal grains were found as well as identified grains of spelt, spelt or emmer, barley and oat.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
24013,"One of the shallow possible 'winnowing pits' included over 1000 wheat grains  and small quantities of hulled barley and oats. Spelt and spelt or emmer were abundant.  Chaff was also present. The condition of the cereal grains suggested burning at high temperature or oxidising conditions, suggesting that  a lot of the lighter material had been destroyed. The evidence has been seen as potential evidence for threshing, raking and preliminary winnowing, indicating possible crop processing on the site. One of the pits also produced small quantities of charred weed seeds and peas/broad beans.",abundant,,,minor,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,350
24014,"No data from the earlier excavations but the 1999 evaluation produced grains of barley and wheat (unspecified). An absence of chaff suggests that the charred cereals derive from processed and cleaned grain, possibly charred during preparation for milling or cooking.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
24015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24017,A single grain of spelt wheat was recovered from one of the grave pots.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
24018,"Wheat (unspecified), barley and oats were present in small numbers. A cobble spread has been suggested as possible evidence for a threshing floor.",,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,400
24019,Spelt and barley were present and waterlogged plant remains indicate locally damp ground conditions.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
24021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24026,Charred grain was recovered from three of the hearths and the probable corn drier. No further detail is available.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,275
24027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24029,"Data was only available from the 2001 excavations and all samples were from the mid-to-late Iron Age enclosure. The association of cereal grains and weed seeds (and two chaff fragments from the retents) supports the hypothesis that harvested material was being cleaned and processed at this site. This suggests that the Iron Age community was a producer of cereal crops, typically wheat (unspecified), rather than a consumer of cereals that had been cleaned elsewhere. Unfortunately the presence of relatively few charred plant remains from the processing of 277 litres of soil suggests that a 'background noise' indicative of crop processing was identified, rather than a definitive identification of this activity. A very small amount of barley (one grain) was recovered.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-300,50
24030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24031,"Grain, chaff and seeds were found in the evaluation samples although no data is available.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24035,"Cereal grains and/or chaff were noted at varying densities in all samples. Preservation was variable and many grains had become puffed and distorted during charring. The assemblages of plant remains from all phases appear to be composed predominantly of a low density scatter of charred macrofossils, presumably including crop processing waste, fuel residues and other material of probable domestic origin. No concentrations of charred material clearly related to a specific activity or event were noted. Possible germinated grains may indicate evidence for malting (or grain spoilage).",minor,,,moderate,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,325
24036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24040,"A late pre-Roman Iron Age rubbish pit contained processed cereal grains including spelt wheat. Bread/club wheat was also identified and six-row hulled barley represented a minor component. Spelt chaff fragments dominated six of the samples. A comparatively wide variety of wild taxa were recovered which are typical of 'weeds' found accompanying ancient charred grain assemblages from Roman/Iron Age England. The ecological preferences of the weed species indicate that growing conditions were good - both ecologically and tentatively, in terms of crop management. The composition of six of the samples are consistent with crop cleaning residues. One context,  interpreted as a pit, appeared to contain a cleaned crop.",abundant,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24042,An unusually large amount of grain is thought to be indicative of storage facilities (a granary) nearby. No quantification.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24046,Plant data was not divided by period in the report and was not easily quantifiable. It has therefore not been included.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24057,"Some carbonised cereal grains were recovered along with occasional chaff (species not identified). The samples indicate that the ditches were at least seasonally water filled, possibly with some elder scrub on their banks and received at least small quantities of rubbish.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
24058,"Excavation data indicated presence of free threshing wheat, a grain of either emmer or spelt and a small number of barley grains as well as unspecified wheat. There was no data in the evaluation report but the specialist writes 'the site lay within a tidal area for much of the 1st millennium BC, but became available for occupation towards its end. The area was 'dry' and inhabitable during the late Iron Age and early Roman period although not necessarily beyond the limits of the highest tides. There followed a short period during which the site was subject to freshwater flooding possibly due to a general rise in watertable or overbank flooding of the River Welland, perhaps combined with the beginnings of the late Roman/post-Roman marine incursion. Subsequently the area was again overtaken by the sea and up to 40cm of marine sandy silts deposited across the site. Sometime during the Saxon period the site must have dried out, perhaps as a result of the construction of sea banks to the east and/or a slight relative drop in sea level ascribed to this period. The dominance of marine and estuarine foraminifera, with those of more generalised habit, from the 'natural' sediments on site indicate that the site occupied a high inter-tidal mudflat or roddon from which the sea had retreated, probably sometime in the late Iron Age. The laminated sandy silts that formed the 'natural' on the site being laid down under tidal conditions.",,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
24059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24061,"Data only from the Hall Lane investigations (225m from New Vicarage site) and only an assessment is available. Wheat (unspecified), barley and possible oat, pulse and possible brassica were identified.",,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,200,400
24062,"Evidence for agricultural practice was present in the environmental samples with barley, wheat and oat grains along with the seeds of wild plants generally associated with arable cultivation such as stinking mayweed and bedstraw. The oat grain may have been from a wild or cultivated plant.",,moderate,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,60
24063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24065,"Wheat (unspecified), barley, pea/bean and straw were identified among the charred material from a Roman pit fill. No data was present from the late Iron Age ditches. Evidence from molluscs suggested both grassland and woodland environments, perhaps indicating a change in the local environment. Sampling from the corn drier excavated in 1999 (2001 report) revealed wheat, barley and oats in the flue. Charred cereal grain is fairly ubiquitous through the Romano-British samples with chaff and charred weed seeds present in many. The association of charred cereal assemblages including chaff and weed seeds with two features that may be corn-driers suggests that cereal production is an element of the farming economy of the site.",,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,200,300
24066,Cereal grains were poorly preserved but included fragments of barley. Fragments of chaff may relate to crop processing but the small number suggests this could be general background waste.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,250
24067,"No data from the evaluations, whilst the excavated report was an assessment only. Wheat (unspecified), barley, pulses and a plum stone were preliminarily identified among the charred remains from the kiln. Other fruits from the site include cherry or sloe. The charcoal element of the flots is made up almost entirely of small and very small twisted twiggy material, with occasional tuberous matter. The presence of charred flower buds and shoots, the latter apparently of heather, with small twiggy material suggests that most of the charcoal may derive from heather or something similar. Hearths produced charred wheat (unspecified), barley, oats, legumes, and pulses, probably peas and beans. Large quantities of charcoal, charred grain, chaff and weed seeds may indicate crop processing, possibly representing the drying of corn, prior to threshing, over fires that were also used for drying the pots.",,,,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
24068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24072,"A small quantity of carbonised cereal grains were not any further identified although wheat (unspecified) and barley grains were found in very low numbers. Mollusc evidence indicates a damp grassland habitat at the site with seasonally waterfilled ditches and clay pits. Unfortunately there was very poor survival of organic plant remains so there is little complimentary evidence although the occurrence of wood mice, snake and frog/toad bones is consistent with a damp well vegetated meadow, and the bones of small fish could derive from species inhabiting ponds or ditches.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
24073,"Wetland conditions were implied by several of the plant remains, whilst pollen evidence indicated an open, treeless landscape with evidence for pastoral and arable environments. Cereals were represented by both grains and chaff fragments, with chaff making up the greater proportion of the assemblages (indicating some crop processing). Most could not be identified but wheat (unspecified) and barley were recognised. Spelt and emmer were present. Oat was present although it was not clear whether this was wild or cultivated.",moderate,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24074,"1 unidentified cereal grain was recovered from a Roman context of 2nd to 3rd century date. Elderberry was also recovered from one sample. One interesting find was that of Cannabis-type (hemp or hop). Hop is often found in fen woodland today, but with the lack of evidence for the proximity of wet woodland, it is possible that the pollen was derived from a hemp crop. It is even possible that the ditch had been used for hemp retting but the poor state of palynomorphs precludes further investigation.",,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24076,"The environmental specialist suggests that it may be appropriate to see the area as an agricultural processing area south of a farmstead, where crop processing debris was discarded and burnt. There is a mix of wheat (unspecified), barley and oats in the samples as well as possible pulses (possible pea or bean). Samples are believed to have all been 4th century.",,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,300,400
24077,"An Iron Age sample produced charcoal, charred cereal and hazelnut shell fragments and charcoal and charred cereal were recovered from Roman contexts. Two Roman samples produced relatively large charcoal and cereal assemblages and one or two fragments of chaff and a few charred weed seeds, though the cereals appear to derive from a cleaned crop and are likely to have been charred in a domestic context rather than during crop processing. Plant taxa preliminarily identified from the Romano-British contexts include, barley, wheat (unspecified), hazelnut and possible pulse, although other species are certainly present. The specialist suggests that barley probably predominated. Snail evidence indicates a drier grassland to the west whilst some marshland taxa at the east of the site indicate a damp environment. The 2004 investigations produced glume bases of spelt and hazelnut shell.",minor,,,moderate,,minor,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24079,"Mollusc evidence indicates an essentially open country/grassland environment with damp/aquatic areas. Charred remains were poorly preserved and although assessment has identified a typical assemblage of cereals and possible pulses, most are not identifiable to species.  Wheat and barley, and possibly oat and rye were preliminary identified but the majority of the cereals were not identified. Only one fragment of cereal chaff was recorded. Possible pulses were recorded from two samples.",,,,moderate,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
24080,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24081,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24084,"The presence of uncharred wood, many seeds of Polygonum sp., and also Chenopodium sp., hazelnut and sloe indicates that there is some survival of uncharred material, but only the most robust remains are present in the sample, although some intrusive modern seeds may be present. Charred weed seeds and charred cereal grains are present, although the latter are poorly preserved and most are unidentifiable. One grain is tentatively assigned to wheat. Only one fragment of charred cereal chaff was identified. Terrestrial snails are present in small numbers with both woodland and grassland elements present.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24086,"Oat, barley and wheat grains were recorded, with barley being predominant. Wheat included both spelt and bread wheat (free threshing). Chaff elements were generally rare. Possible fragmentary glume bases of emmer were noted. Large pulse seeds were rare, but were recorded from five samples. Although preservation was poor (none of the specimens being closely identifiable), possible rounded pea seeds were found in samples 4 and 22. Larger and more angular seeds, possibly of field bean, were present in samples 4 and 23 and cotyledon fragments of indeterminate large pulses were recovered from samples 4, 14 and 18. A single large fruit stone, probably of wild plum type was recorded from sample 22.",moderate,minor,moderate,abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24088,"Both corn driers contained carbonised botanical evidence and the T-shaped example contained a high proportion of germinated spelt whilst the other did not have any germinated grains, perhaps indicating malting taking place in the T-shaped structure and drying in the H shaped one. Spelt dominated, but barley and emmer were also present. The ratios of glume bases to grains is, in all samples where both are present, much less than one, indicating that the assemblages represent the cleaned product rather than sieving residue, or complete ears and spikelets.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
24089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24090,"Charred spelt and barley were evident in a number of environmental samples of Roman date. The snails and small vertebrates, indicate an open country grassland environment in most samples with varying, and sometimes considerable, evidence for marshy and aquatic habitats.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24091,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24092,"Assessment only. Wheat (unspecified), barley, oats, pulses (possible pea) and a plum stone have been preliminarily identified among the charred remains. The charred cereal assemblages were rich in grain and chaff. This appears to be an indication of crop processing on the site. The presence of grain and chaff around hearths may suggest that they were used as corn driers as well as, or possibly rather than, pot drying hearths.",,,,moderate,,minor,moderate,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,400
24093,Charred wheat and chaff (species unspecified) was recovered from the soil sample.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24094,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24095,"Environmental samples were probably of late Iron Age date, but not absolutely certainly. Four possible post holes were sampled and charred cereal grain was present in three of them (only two or three grains), where barley was dominant and oat was present. Mollusc evidence suggested dry calcareous grassland, though some were associated with woodland and shaded habitats either indicating local habitat differences or chronological change.",,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
24096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24097,"In all cases there is a high amount of hulled wheat chaff, which is commonly identifiable as spelt wheat. There are also low numbers of cereal grains, primarily of a hulled wheat type, and possibly barley. A number of free threshing wheat rachis internodes are present, and represent a cereal which was increasingly cultivated in Britain only during the later Roman period. Both the limited waterlogged plant remains and mollusc shells indicate that the site was damp, but not wet, during the main phase of occupation. Only limited, more robust plant remains have survived within contexts until a later phase of raised watertable. The area appears to have been open vegetation, probably grassland, during the Roman period.",abundant,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24098,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24099,"Charred plant remains were wheat/barley type cereal grains, in one instance identified to barley. With only small quantities recovered from a restricted number of features, little can be said other than wheat/barley was utilised at the site.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,325
24100,"Assessment only. Wheat (unspecified), possibly barley and legume were present in the evaluation. Samples were predominantly of late 2nd to 3rd century in date. A number of the samples have what appears to be small quantities of charred organic crumb suggesting that peat rather than wood may have been the fuel source for the site, or at least one of them. The Late Iron Age sample, however, produced charcoal rather than charred organic crumb, which might either indicate a more domestic origin for the material in this sample or, perhaps, a change in the fuel used or available. Pollen samples indicate an open, treeless habitat. The excavated samples were also presented as an assessment only. The preliminary identifications suggest that species including possible spelt and emmer wheat were cultivated as well as six-row hulled barley, which are typical crops for the periods represented on the site. Oat also occurs in six samples, which is at a greater frequency than barley.",moderate,moderate,,minor,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,300
24101,"Environmental samples from the 2003 investigations were from Iron Age and Romano-British contexts, although it is not clear which samples were from which. Oat, barley and wheat grains were recorded, with wheat being predominant. Chaff elements were extremely rare, but spelt wheat glume bases were noted. A single fragment of possible hazelnut shell was found. Open country species of mollusc were most prevalent. With the exception of sample 6, which was almost certainly derived from a small deposit of cereal processing debris, the assemblages were characterised by a very low density of plant macrofossils. Much of the material present shows evidence of very intense burning. As such temperatures would have destroyed more delicate macrofossils (e.g. chaff elements and small seeds), it would appear most likely that these assemblages are also derived from crop processing debris which has been scattered across the excavated area, possibly by the wind. However, the density of material, even in sample 6, is low when compared to 'typical' contemporary deposits of agricultural refuse, and this may indicate that this area was peripheral to any main centres of activity. The 2005 investigations data were from an assessment of 15 samples. The density of material was considered to be fairly low, suggesting that the site may have been peripheral to settlement. Grains and/or chaff were recovered at a low to moderate density from all samples. Oat, barley and wheat were noted. Of the wheat spelt was most common and single examples of free threshing (bread) wheat and emmer noted. The production and processing of wheat was almost certainly undertaken locally, with some crops possibly being grown on newly cultivated areas of marginal damp grassland. However, there is insufficient material to indicate large scale or commercial production. The ditches, which were probably situated in an area of predominantly dry, open grassland, appear to have been initially well maintained, although small dumps of charred refuse were deposited in the upper fills of some features.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24102,"Charred cereals (unspecified) and weed seeds were present in a single context from the evaluation. These eight cereal grains and one weed seed suggest that crop processing may have occurred in the vicinity. Thirty samples from features of Late Iron Age to post-Roman date were taken and processed during the later excavation. Most appeared to contain cereal processing debris including chaff (most notably spelt  glume bases, weed seeds and occasional grains. The predominance of such material within an oven may indicate that this waste was being used as fuel.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,400
24103,"Charred cereals (unspecified wheat, barley and oats) were recovered from seven samples from Area M. One context also contained a few grass seeds, as well as a many fragments of wheat cereal chaff. Cereal chaff was also commonly recovered from two other contexts. The variations in the proportions of the plant categories between samples suggest that particular deposits contained crops and/or their by-products from different stages of crop processing. One context may have contained crops that were awaiting threshing and winnowing to remove the chaff and to be cleaned of weed contaminants, while other contexts with fewer cereals but still with many chaff fragments may represent the discard of waste by-products after crop processing had occurred. In contrast, the absence of cereal chaff and weed seeds from one of the contexts suggests the cleaned cereal crop was deposited here.",,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24104,"The environmental evidence from the ditch indicated crop processing and malting were the main activities carried out in the area, which would suggest that the proposed structure was probably a granary or malt-house. Although the presence of chaff and weed seeds suggests that cereal processing debris is present, the abundance of grains and, more particularly, cereal sprouts may indicate that the assemblage is largely derived from malting waste, with the grains being deliberately germinated. Further charred grains were recovered during the second evaluation, and wheat grains and chaff were present in all samples. Spelt, a single grain of bread wheat (freethreshing wheat), and single grains of oat and barley were found.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
24105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24106,"The flots from samples 1 and 2 are dominated by charred wheat (unspecified) grains and chaff, which occur in large quantities, along with a number of charred weed seeds and a little charcoal. Barley was possibly present. Both these samples would appear to contain the debris from crop processing activities with the quantity of chaff in similar proportions to the charred grains. The fact that fired earth formed the matrix of the residue of both these samples suggests a similar origin for the material and it is possible that it derives from a corn drier, kiln or hearth structure along with the burnt remains of the cereal crop. Rather than reflecting salt making activity these two samples suggest agricultural activity implying a farmstead. Mollusc evidence was consistent with the central feature being a pond, with aquatic species represented.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,325
24107,"The specialist states that the single sample 'indicates an occupation context with the hammerscale being evidence for iron smithing in the area, and the animal bone and charred grains probably representing food waste. There is no chaff among the charred remains from this sample'. Wheat (unspecified) and barley were present.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
24108,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24110,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24113,"Identifiable ancient biological remains recovered from the sampled context were restricted to a very small number of charred seeds and fruits. The poor preservation rendered the identification of even these few remains difficult and, consequently, the potential for obtaining data for environmental reconstruction or information regarding cultivated plants was effectively nil.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24114,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24115,"Assessment only. Environmental samples included frequent charcoal, frequent grain (unspecified), frequent charred weeds, moderate chaff and moderate uncharred weeds. The preservation of the grain and chaff is moderate, suggesting that some though not all would be identifiable to genus or species.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
24116,"No environmental samples were taken from mid-late Iron Age or Romano-British contexts, although samples were taken from early Iron Age deposits. These showed an open agricultural environment.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24117,"Very minor evidence for oat, wheat (unspecified) and unidentified cereal grains, with the few charred plant macrofossils recorded being almost certainly derived from an extremely low density of scattered or wind-blown debris of unknown origin.",,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24118,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24120,"Snail species were indicative of calcareous grassland and plant remains also included frequent grass seeds. Charred cereal remains were recovered, as were weed seeds indicative of cultivated or disturbed land, although the lack of crop processing by-products such as chaff, make it unlikely that the crops are being processed on the site, this material being derived from domestic waste, brought in from elsewhere for consumption. Grains included those of free threshing wheat (bread wheat) and rye.",,,minor,,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
24121,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24123,"Samples taken from the four-post structure adjacent to the 'temple' contained a higher density of material than other samples, notably of barley grains, perhaps indicating that it was for grain storage. Other samples produced little evidence for anything other than scattered refuse. Barley, wheat (unspecified), spelt wheat, emmer wheat and oat were present in low numbers.",minor,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
24124,"Very few charred grains were recovered, but there was minor evidence for indeterminate cereal grains and for barley.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
24125,"The bulk environmental samples produced overall a moderate amount of carbonised cereal grain, a small quantity of weed seeds, and an occasional fragment of charcoal, which could be identified to type (hazel). The majority of material was very poorly preserved, in particular the charcoal, which was in most cases unidentifiable. Cereal grain recovered from the site was also extremely degraded, although occasional grains were recognisable as oat, bread wheat or barley types. The carbonised weeds suggested use of arable land, and also exploitation of wetland environments, perhaps as a source of peat for fuel. Charcoal analysis produced little in the way of identifiable material, with open or scrub areas suggested by finds of hazel.",,,moderate,minor,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
24126,"Cereals and seeds of common weeds were present at varying densities in all four samples. No precise dating data was available for the samples as the table was missing from the report.  Preservation was moderately good. Oat, barley and wheat (unspecified) were present, as well as a small number of wheat chaff included spelt wheat glume bases. A single sprouted wheat grain was noted.",minor,,,moderate,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24127,"Very small quantities of charred and uncharred identifiable plant remains were recovered. The charred plant remains consisted virtually entirely of fragmented charcoal, cereal grains, occasional chaff fragments and hazelnut shell fragments. The identifiable cereal grains consisted mainly of wheat with both glume wheats, emmer, emmer/spelt and free-threshing wheats being represented. The presence of glume wheats was confirmed by the recovery of two diagnostic glume bases from one sample. Barley  was represented by one grain and a possible rachis fragment.",,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
24128,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24129,"The samples containing carbonised material produced only a handful of seeds, the majority of which were weeds of a generally robust nature. The charred grain in the samples was mostly unidentifiable to genus, although possible spelt grain was identified in two samples and possible barley in one. The presence of spelt wheat is confirmed by the presence of spelt wheat chaff in four of the samples. A fragment of charred hazelnut shell is the only other positive identification of a food plant among the charred remains. Plum stones and blackberry seeds were also found. The molluscs recorded from the samples give some picture of the immediate landscape within which the settlement is sited. Three elements dominate the majority of the samples, a suite of species typical of open/grassland habitats, another found in marshes and wet grasslands and a third indicative of aquatic habitats.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
24130,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24131,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24132,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24133,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24134,"Cereal grains/chaff and seeds of common weeds and wetland plants were present at a moderate density in all three environmental samples. Preservation was moderately good, although a proportion of the grains were puffed and distorted, possibly as a result of combustion at very high temperatures. Wheat grains were present in all three samples, and spelt wheat chaff was common. A single bread wheat type rachis node was also noted. The presence of cereal grains, chaff and weed seeds within the assemblages almost certainly indicates that small quantities of burnt cereal processing waste, predominantly from batches of wheat, were being deposited within the feature fills. The abundance of spelt chaff probably suggests a later prehistoric or Roman date for the contexts.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24135,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24136,"The overall preservation of the charred cereal grain was poor, with many of the intact grains being clinkered and distorted in appearance. In instances where identification to genus was possible, wheat was recorded with preliminary identifications of spelt and grains sharing similar morphological characteristics to those of spelt and emmer wheat were also recorded. Two grains of hulled barley, were present one of which twisted in appearance, which is indicative of six-row barley. The cereal chaff assemblages appear to consist entirely of wheat chaff, much of which is very fragmented. The identifiable chaff is that of a glume wheat species (such as emmer or spelt), with several glume bases positively identified as spelt wheat, which seems to correspond with the grain assemblages. The site was then situated in close proximity to the sea, within a saline, exposed environment, with the surrounding land available for agricultural purposes, possibly prone to fresh-water and marine inundations. In areas that tend to be saline, exposed and poorly drained, hardier crops such as barley are generally grown more commonly than wheat, yet despite this, wheat seems to dominate the limited cereal assemblages.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
24137,"A small group of carbonised grain was found on the floor of one of the buildings, dating to after AD 325. The ratio of the grain was wheat, 93.5%; barley, 6%; and rye-brome, 0.5%. The wheat was almost entirely spelt, with a small amount of bread wheat.",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,325,400
24138,"Of the cereal grains wheat was most common, and emmer was the most common wheat represented, followed by spelt. Barley was also noted and one fragment of hazel nutshell was also found. The presence of both chaff and weed seeds suggests that they were partly cleaned and processed crops. It was suggested by the botanical specialist that the site was a producer rather than a consumer site.",moderate,abundant,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24139,"Environmental samples produced a mixed assemblage of cereal grain including barley, wheat (spelt and possibly free threshing wheat) and oats with a small amount of weed seeds.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
24140,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24141,"The assemblages are paralleled at other contemporary saltern sites. The material recovered probably indicates that cereal processing debris and dried grass/straw were used as kindling and/or fuel for the heating processes involved salt making. A mollusc assemblage indicates that the saltern was situated in or close to an area of open fresh water marshland. Oat was present in small quantities, unidentified wheat was moderately abundant (some sprouted), bread wheat was present in small quantities, spelt was abundant and barley was present in small quantities.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24142,"Several samples contained cereal grains but none were dated. The specialist suggests that the occurrence of spelt or emmer in one of the ditch fills might suggest a Roman date, though as this is speculative and no dating evidence was available the information has not been included for statistical purposes.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24143,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24144,"Primary deposits of refuse or other waste materials are not present, and all the features recorded would appear to have been peripheral to any main centres of settlement or other activities. The few remains recovered would appear to be derived from either scattered or wind-blown detritus, and although small amounts of cereal processing or domestic waste may be present, the origin of much of the material is unknown. The mollusc assemblages, particularly those from the ditch fills, appear to indicate that dry, open grassland conditions were locally predominant, although many of the ditches and deeper pits may have been damp or seasonally wet.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
24145,"Plant macrofossils, including charcoal/charred wood fragments, were exceedingly scarce, with most occurring as single specimens within an assemblage. Preservation was poor to moderate, with the two cereal grains both being severely puffed and distorted, possibly as a result of combustion at very high temperatures. A spelt wheat glume base and bread wheat type rachis node were the only identifiable plant remains recorded.",minor,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,400
24146,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24147,"Very little data was available as the plant remains were poorly preserved and only around 20 cereal grains were discovered, though emmer and spelt and barley and rye were present. However, the specialist believed these to be consistent with a prehistoric date.",minor,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
24148,"Environmental samples produced charcoal, minor evidence for oat, rye, abundant evidence for spelt, possible emmer, and some barley. Wild plant seeds were mostly crop weeds. Pulses present were thought probably to be wild, though a single lentil was preserved. Flax seed were also preserved. Only the last stages of crop processing appear to be represented from samples. Opium poppy seeds were also present, and were perhaps medicinal. Cabbage seeds may have been from wild plants, though it is possible that they were grown (the horticultural crops box has therefore been ticked).",abundant,minor,,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,150,250
24149,"Although the assemblages are all extremely small (none exceeding 0.1 litres in volume), all contained cereal grains/chaff and/or weeds seeds, and it appears most likely that they are derived from small quantities of burnt refuse, possibly including cereal processing/parching waste and domestic detritus. Minor evidence of spelt wheat, unidentified wheat and barley was found.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
24150,"An abundance of charred grains from one feature, a gully, suggest that grain processing was undertaken on site. It is likely that the grain became burnt during the drying process. A number of grains were sprouted and there was a large amount of burnt chaff. Spelt was abundant, barley moderate, and oat rare.  A single possible emmer glume base was represented. Carrot and common pea were also found, as well as vetch type seeds.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,300
24151,"Charred cereal grain was identified as bread/spelt wheat. As spelt is more common, this has been selected although free threshing wheat is a possibility.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
24152,"Cereal remains were not found in large numbers but spelt, barley, and minor evidence of emmer and free threshing wheat were found. The general absence of weed seeds may be attributed to the probability that crops came onto the site more or less fully processed.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24153,"The ratios of weed seeds to cereal grains suggest that assemblages are likely to be derived from crop processing residues rather than cleaned grain. Some of the species of wheat identified were only tentatively identified including emmer. Oat may have been wild oat or cultivated. Flax and hazelnut were present. Possible horticultural crops include vetches (pea or bean) (though these may in fact be arable weeds) and carrot family, though it is not clear that these were cultivated. Blackberry was also found in Roman period samples.",abundant,moderate,moderate,abundant,,,minor,minor,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,400
24154,"The eight flot and three retent samples produced very little environmental material, with only a sparse trace of carbonised cereal grain and occasional fragments of wood charcoal. Preservation of the wood charcoal was very poor, with evidence for iron panning and general degradation of the fragments whilst in the soil. No other categories of carbonised material were present.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
24155,No dating evidence available in the report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24156,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24157,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24158,"In the first evaluation grains, chaff and seeds were present at a low to moderate density and preservation was good. In the second evaluation preservation was quite poor, with most specimens being either puffed and distorted as a result of combustion at very high temperatures, or very fragmented. Barley and wheat (unspecified) grains were recorded along with two spelt wheat glume bases. A small number of spelt glume bases were present and oat was also present in small numbers. The seed assemblage was very limited, but did include a brome fruit and a possible onion couch tuber. Charcoal/charred wood fragments were present throughout. Other remains included black porous and tarry residues, both of which were probably derived from the combustion of organic remains at very high temperatures. Shells of terrestrial and freshwater obligate molluscs were recorded within the assemblages from samples 2 and 3 although, at the time of writing, it was unclear whether any were contemporary with the deposits from which the samples were taken. Open country species were predominant, but one layer  appears to have been partially shaded, and the occurrence of shells of freshwater species may indicate that parts of the site were flooded at some stage.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24159,A very small number of charred grains of unspecified wheat were found.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
24160,"Cereal grains, chaff and seeds of common weeds and wetland/aquatic plants were recorded at a low to moderate density within all eleven of the assemblages studied. The charred remains were quite poorly preserved, with most being severely puffed and distorted, probably as a result of combustion at a very high temperature. The de-watered macrofossils were distorted and fragmented, possibly as a result of the compression of the deposits. Oat, barley and wheat grains were recorded, with wheat being predominant. Both glumed and free-threshing wheats were recorded, with spelt wheat glume bases occurring throughout, and bread wheat type rachis nodes being present within the assemblage from sample 1. The only non-cereal food plant remain recorded was a single cotyledon from and indeterminate large pulse.",abundant,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
24161,Samples taken but no ancient evidence recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
24162,"Identifiable ancient plant remains were few and restricted to occasional cereal grains (wheat and barley) and crop weeds including brome and tare. In addition, traces of cereal chaff were found indicating crop processing activities in the vicinity at the time of the formation of these deposits.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
24163,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24164,"The preservation of the material was moderate. Barley and spelt wheat were well represented and were important crops at the site. Six corn driers and the presence of germinated wheat on the site were seen as possible evidence for malting, although the relatively low proportion of sprouted grains were arguably only limited evidence for this. Hazel and other nut fragments would probably have been gathered for food. The specialist considered the oat quite likely to be wild oat, given the low numbers. No changes in environment or animal husbandry were discernible from the environmental evidence.",abundant,,minor,abundant,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,325
24165,Assessment only. Plant remains from samples were limited to charcoal and very small numbers of cereal grains. No data.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
24166,Ancient plant remains were scarce. A few charred grains of unspecified wheat were found.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,150
24167,"Evaluation data - snail taxa suggest grassland with perhaps some woodland. A chaff rich assemblage from one of the samples suggests some crop processing on site. The unquantified plant remains included wheat (unspecified but spelt assumed here), barley, possible oats, rye, and pea/bean; Excavation data - spelt, bread wheat, barley, all present, emmer absent. Part of the assemblage regarded as a partially cleaned crop. Other crops included celtic or field bean, flax/linseed, and also hazelnut shell.",minor,,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
24168,"Assessment only. Samples taken were principally Roman. Oat, barley and wheat were present, with wheat dominant and barley rare. Most wheat grains were typical of spelt. Molluscs recovered were of woodland/shade, open country and catholic species.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,375
24169,"Sampling produced a fairly small assemblage of identifiable charred cereal grains. 80 per cent were too badly preserved to be identified. Of those identified, wheat and barley were equally well represented. Most wheat could not be further identified, although a small number of spelt grains and a single grain of emmer were recognised. Free threshing wheat were probably also represented. A small number of oat were also identified, although it was not clear whether these were wild or cultivated. Pulses were represented by 21 seeds, but most could not be identified to genus or species. Cultivated examples identified were of horse/broad bean. Mollusc evidence indicated a dry open landscape.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
24170,No further detail available as the specialist report had not yet been undertaken.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24171,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24172,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24173,"Spelt, barley and oat were present, with spelt predominant. Much of the wheat was unidentified to species. Sprouting grain was noted, although it was unclear whether this was accidental or deliberate. Chaff was particularly abundant within one of the samples along with a number of grains and detached cereal sprouts. It would appear most likely that this assemblage is derived from either burnt processing or storage waste, or possibly from malting debris, the latter activity frequently using cereal processing waste as kindling or fuel.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,moderate,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,325
24174,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24175,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24176,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24177,"Botanical remains from Roman samples included wheat (spelt or emmer - as spelt is more likely than emmer, spelt has been selected here), bread wheat and barley. Open country molluscs dominated the snail assemblages. Hazelnut was also found.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
24178,"Ancient plant remains were recovered from four of the five processed subsamples and were restricted to charcoal and a small charred cereal grain assemblage with some chaff. Where identifiable, the cereals remains were predominately of spelt wheat and indicated food waste and human activity at the site, but were too few to be of any further interpretative value. The land snail groups included species associated with freshwater, open dry ground, and woodland, though the wetland and woodland species could have been introduced with resources.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
24179,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24180,Cereal grains were present only in modest numbers and rye was represented by only a single grain.,,,moderate,,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
24181,Very few charred remains recovered. Possible barley only.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
24182,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24183,The site produced several charred cereal grains including a ?free-threshing bread wheat and ?barley grain. The presence of glume wheats was also indicated by the identification of a single glume base although it was not adequately preserved to determine the species of glume wheat. Other plant remains in the sample included an indeterminate legume fragment which may be either from a cultivated species or a weed.,,,minor,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
24184,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24185,"A small number of charred cereal grains including several wheat grains (species uncertain), plus some wild plant seeds, indeterminate legumes (either cultivated or wild) and hedgerow/shrub plants, e.g.. Blackberry/ raspberry and hazelnut shell fragments. The few molluscs recovered from this sample would suggest a grassland environment.",,,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
24186,No certain late Iron Age/Roman data.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24187,Only a deep pit or well was sampled - a few fragments of unidentified cereal grain recovered and a single grain of barley. Hedgerow fruits such as blackberry/raspberry/elder were also identified.,,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
24188,"A small number of charred seeds only, including one free threshing wheat and one oat (either wild or cultivated).",,,minor,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
24189,"Large quantities of charred cereal recovered. Free threshing wheat best represented, but spelt also confirmed by grains and chaff. Most wheat cereal grains too poorly preserved for identification. Barley also moderate and oat minimal (uncertain whether wild or cultivated). The presence of crop-processing debris suggests that the site was probably producing its own crops.",moderate,,abundant,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
24190,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24191,"Charred cereals, mainly grains and chaff of spelt and bread wheat with some barley chaff frequent and abundant in some contexts, notably a Roman ditch.",abundant,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
24192,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24193,Charred plant remains but little cereal other than a single cereal-type pollen grain.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
24194,"Cereal grains poorly preserved. Barley abundant in some samples and was the main cereal crop represented. Sprouted barley grains probably not evidence for malting. Emmer, spelt and bread wheat grains present but rare. Predominance of barley interpreted as its salt-tolerance compared to wheat. All charred material thought to have been imported for use as fuel, derived from nearby cereal production, coastal vegetation and grassland.",minor,minor,minor,abundant,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
24195,Abundant charred cereal present and interpreted as crop processing waste used as fuel. Spelt predominant.,abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,50
24196,"No data in Smith Report. Greenfield report includes data. Fruits, herbs and nuts included sweet chestnut, coriander, poppy, opium poppy, raspberry or blackberry. Flax also present. All in small numbers.",,,,,,,minor,minor,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,400
24197,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24198,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24199,Samples produced a small amount of carbonised remains. Spelt only slightly greater in quantity than barley and oat. No good phasing information.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24200,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24201,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24202,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24203,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24204,"11 samples produced roman archaeobotanical material. One pit produced a significant quantity of cereal grain including oat, bread wheat, spelt wheat, with a small amount of spelt chaff and weed seeds. A ditch produced broad beans. Assemblage quantified and some samples include an abundance.",moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24205,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24206,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24207,Cereal remains were  present indicating the cultivation of crops both for animal fodder (oats) as well as human consumption (barley and wheat).,minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-1
24208,"No evidence for agricultural weeds or crop processing, the only cereals present were bread/spelt wheats suggesting that clean grain was arriving in this area that had been processed elsewhere.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
24209,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
24210,"Five contexts analysed out of 113 bulk deposit samples. All samples contained at least a few charred seeds or fruits. 1199 charred macrofossils other than charcoal were counted. Preservation poor to fair. Spelt particularly high in mid 3rd century context, as well as barley, emmer and bread wheats in smaller numbers. Also oat (wild or cultivated).",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
24212,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25001,Environmental evidence suggested that the site had been at the eastern edge of open ground beside woodland. No charred grains from dated contexts were recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-400,50
25002,"Oak woodland probably lay very close to the enclosure and a damp environment is suggested, with the ditch probably seasonally filled with water. A number of trees, e.g. hazel, oak, birch, and shrubs, e.g.. elder, brambles, would have probably been growing close by or even along the margins of these features, with some of the plants indicating a wooded environment. These plants would have provided potential human resources; acorns as fodder for livestock (pigs); hazel nuts a source of food with the wood for building and domestic crafts, e.g.. Basketry, and the fruits of elder and brambles as potential sources of food and drink. Charred cereal grains were found but were not from a datable context.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-400,50
25003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25005,The main crop represented in the samples was spelt wheat with some barley and bread wheat. The archaeobotanical assemblages all show a level of crop cleaning was taking place at the site and in general it can be said that the assemblages analysed were representative of both domestic and cereal cleaning waste. The oat may have been cultivated or wild. The pulses may have been field bean or pea. A single fruit stone was found.,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
25006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25009,"Oat, barley, wheat (primarily spelt) and possibly rye grains are recorded, with barley being moderately common in all four samples taken. A sprouted barley grain is present in one sample, and indeterminate cereal sprout fragments were noted from other samples. Although sprouted grains may be indicative of malting, accidental germination can also occur where grain has been inappropriately stored. The wheat grains are mostly typical of spelt although shorter, more rounded specimens, possibly of bread wheat type, are also present in one sample. Double keeled spelt glume bases occur in all four samples, and were particularly abundant in one. Agriculture, and particularly the production and processing of cereals, formed a major component of the local economy, with crops probably being grown on a range of local soil types. Possibly due to the advent of larger, more efficient ploughs, some areas of damp grassland may have been cultivated for the first time. Cereal processing waste, dried plant material and heather stems appear to have been used as kindling/fuels for ovens or light 'industrial processes', although no trace of these procedures remains within the archaeological record.",abundant,,minor,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
25010,Assessment only. Environmental data largely negative.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25011,"A single grain of barley found in a jar of early 1st century date, published in Ponsbury 1992.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,50
25012,"One sample produced enough plant remains for interpretative value,  and was dominated by cereal grain, primarily indeterminate wheat and spelt but small quantities of spelt glume bases were also observed. Small quantities of hulled barley were also present in other samples. A few fragments of cereal chaff were present.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
25013,No charred plant remains were present and the plant evidence potential was assessed as poor.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25014,No charred plant remains. The sample was assessed and considered of poor potential.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25016,"Preservation poor and density of plant remains generally low. Spelt dominant, followed closely by emmer, with minor bread wheat, barley, rye, oat. High proportion of one sample (69%) germinated, but still below the suggested percentage of 75% by Van der Veen for evidence of malting. Other potential edible plants included possible legume (pea/bean), possible hazelnuts, bramble and elder as well as Einkorn.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
25017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25020,"No plant data. Environmental sampling suggested an agricultural, cleared landscape, subject to seasonal waterlogging.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
25021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25025,Large quantities of charred cereals were recovered but there is no detail in the short published report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25026,"Charred plant remains were present in relatively low numbers. Barley, spelt and oat were present.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
25027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25036,"Preservation moderate. Presence of charred grains in ditch fills suggests waste or accidental deposition. Dominant species was spelt. The comparatively high ratio of chaff to cereal grain could represent an early stage in crop processing. Barley, rye and oat also observed.",moderate,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
25037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25039,"Samples from the corn drier produced spelt in abundance, lesser quantities of rye and a small amount of oat, as well as moderate unidentified spikelets.",abundant,,,,moderate,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
25040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25042,No phasing data but most abundant crops were spelt and barley with some emmer.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25043,"2 grape pips recovered. Only positively identified cereals are barley and oats, both represented by low numbers. Possible horticultural crop is cabbage family.",,,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,150,400
25044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25045,"A number of cereals present. Of the wheats only spelt occurred in quantity, emmer and bread wheat as contaminants only according to the report. Oat either cultivated or wild. 2 seeds of flax. In phasing data phases 1 and 2 are here grouped together into LIA/ER (Phase 1). Phase 3 (2nd century onwards), is Phase 2. The final phase produced greatest quantity of plant remains. Barley grains and spelt chaff predominate, perhaps reflecting change in use of the enclosure to animal pens, with barley and chaff being used for fodder.",moderate,minor,minor,abundant,moderate,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,300
25046,Wheat present but no further identification. One grain of barley.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
25047,Plants recorded from well but no cereal grains. A small number of cereal grains from the corn dryer.,abundant,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
25048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
25051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26001,"The cereal grains probably represented background levels of general domestic waste. Emmer and/or spelt were cultivated, although the species were not identified more closely. Hulled barley was also present and bread wheat is a possibility but was not certainly identified. The assemblage is likely to be of mid-Iron Age in date and should therefore be treated with caution when being compared to late Iron Age and Roman groups.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-50
26002,"Many of the plant remains were poorly preserved. Many were also from middle Iron Age contexts. These have been excluded here, where only the late Iron Age/early Roman contexts have been focussed on. There was minor evidence for barley during the late Iron Age/early Roman period, and minor evidence for spelt or emmer. However, less charred grains were recovered from the LIA/ER contexts than the middle Iron Age contexts.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,75
26003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26009,"Forty-one soil samples were taken, covering a variety of different contexts, including pits and ditches. Two of these samples came from likely cremations. Most of the samples taken had charred seeds recovered from them, although only three had a very large number of seeds (more than 20). Most of the others had on average three seeds. The most common seeds recovered were cereal grains, the glume bases of spelt and the weeds Fat Hen and Speedwell. One pit deposit contained seeds of plants typically found in coastal areas. A large proportion of the seeds were identifiable and in a good condition. Only a few seeds were fragmentary. Seeds of the carrot family were also found. Identification and quantification of the seeds that have been recovered from the 2nd to 4th century AD deposits at the Romano-British settlement at Milton Ham demonstrates that grain processing was being carried out on or in close proximity to the settlement.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,175,400
26010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26012,"Cereal identifications were Emmer or einkorn (emmer has been selected in here), spelt and hulled barley. The presence of spelt and hulled barley is confirmed by the identification of chaff. Quantities were not provided in the report.",moderate,moderate,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
26013,"Preservation was by charring only. The condition of the artefacts was overall poor with high levels of fragmentation and abrasion, which affected identification. Only two cereal grains and one chaff fragment could be identified to species with any certainty. The cereal types noted (spelt , hulled barley, oat are those expected for this period, although the small quantity precludes any assessment of evidence for crop ratios. The scarcity of chaff could suggest the earlier stages of crop processing (e.g. threshing and winnowing) were taking place elsewhere, with grain brought to the site for storage, consumption or further preparation related to either of these. However, this statement is tentative due to the small amount of data. Only seeds belonging to the dock family could be identified to taxon for the wild taxa present. Members of this family are often weeds of cultivation or of other disturbed ground. The proximity of the samples to an oven would suggest an activity associated with it.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
26014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26015,"Cereal grains and chaff and/or seeds of common weed plants were recorded at a low to moderate density from several samples. Preservation was generally quite poor. Both barley and emmer and spelt wheat noted, with spelt more abundant. Oat fragments were also recovered.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26017,Only occasional charcoal and charred seeds were present and these were poorly preserved and unidentifiable. Amongst waterlogged seeds carrot family were represented.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,325
26018,"The charred plant remains were almost solely of spelt, with occasional occurrences of free threshing wheat, barley and oat.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,575
26019,"Preservation was relatively good. Some grains were sprouted. Aside from the main cereal types, pea and Celtic bean were represented (included under pulses and horticultural crops). Hazelnut and elderberry seed were also recovered. Data from 2010 excavation similar, with spelt dominating, and minor free threshing wheat, notably from a mid-Roman corn drier. Corn drying prior to storage and possibly the malting of grain prior to brewing both appear to be represented.",abundant,minor,minor,abundant,minor,minor,,minor,moderate,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,50,400
26020,"There was a paucity of charred grains in the samples. Wheat-type cereal was present, but no other information is available.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
26021,"Wheat (mostly spelt), barley and oat were present. Chaff elements were common, indicating that assemblages were derived from cereal processing waste.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
26022,A single charred spelt seed was found.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
26023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26024,"Cereal grains recovered were primarily spelt,  with a trace of free-threshing wheat, a little barley and possibly a few oats. Some cultivated flax and fruit (sloe/cherry/plum stones and blackberry and elderberry) were evidenced. Other economic plants included opium poppy, coriander, cotton thistle and possibly dill, which are referred to as imported spices in the report. Badly preserved cereal remains recovered from Creed Road investigations - minor possible barley only.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,1,375
26025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26026,"Cereal species included spelt, hulled barley, and possible rye. Chaff as well as grain in some contexts suggested on-site processing. Oat may have been present, but maybe as a wild contaminant.",moderate,,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,400
26027,"Limited information provided in the report. Preservation was average. Spelt and barley were common, pulses were present. There was no evidence for crop processing.",abundant,,,abundant,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26028,Much of the grain was poorly preserved. The oat may have been cultivated or wild.,moderate,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
26029,"A single sample taken from an Iron Age context produced a moderate amount of charred grain including a single twisted barley grain, possible spelt, a small amount of oat and possible pulses and weeds. It is not clear whether the sample was from a mid or late Iron Age context.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26033,,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26036,"Processing of glume wheat in the southern part of the site is indicated because the most numerous remains were of wheat chaff, mainly glumes, with some grains and weed seeds. Other samples appear to represent a scatter of the same type of waste. This waste therefore indicates the dehusking of glume wheat on the site.",abundant,moderate,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
26037,"No data, but lazy beds were present of the type also found at Wollaston, perhaps suggesting viticulture (a vineyard).",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26045,The oats present were identified as being wild oats. The cereal grains were recovered from the burnt remains of a 4th century building interpreted as a barn/granary.,abundant,,moderate,minor,moderate,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,350
26046,"Much of the charred grain was identified as spelt or emmer, although spelt was the only of the two positively identified.",moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,65
26047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26049,"Cereal remains were very sparsely represented, with only one possible oat grain and a small amount of spelt chaff recovered. The relative lack of cereal grains was seen as a possible reflection of the site's specialist metalworking status.",minor,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
26050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26051,Emmer or spelt (more likely spelt) was present but neither were individually identified. Freethreshing wheat was only tentatively identified.,,,minor,abundant,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,300
26052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26067,"The report was an assessment report only. Environmental samples from the late Iron Age/early Roman phase were from industrial features and produced slag but no charred grain or chaff. The later Roman phase from the site included corn driers which did produce plant remains. These included spelt, traces of emmer, free threshing wheat, barley and oat.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26069,Cereal included hulled barley and bread wheat and a small amount of spelt. The low proportion of wild/weed species to cereal along with the low proportion of chaff possibly suggests a late stage in crop processing at the site.,moderate,,moderate,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26070,The small cereal grain assemblage contained small quantities of barley and wheat grain and spelt chaff.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
26071,"Spelt chaff and cereal grains were found and a few barley grains indicate that barley was a second cereal. Very little evidence of germination was recorded. The remains found here in compare in composition with waste from cleaning spelt by fine-sieving, indicating that dehusking of spelt was being carried out on the site. Mollusc evidence indicated an open environment.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
26072,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26073,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26074,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26075,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26076,"No data (limited evidence, and the results were not clearly from the Roman phase).",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26077,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26080,"Spelt, possible free threshing wheat, barley oats and possible pea were present, no not in large numbers and weeds predominated.",moderate,,minor,moderate,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
26081,"Assessment only. Preservation was solely by charring. Fragmentation was low, and surface abrasion was moderate.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
26082,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26084,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26087,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26091,"Samples from the Iron Age farmstead included a low density of wheat, mostly spelt. Samples from the Roman farmstead included a moderate amount of spelt. The phasing data is only broad, and the phase 2 Roman data can only be regarded as broadly Roman in date.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
26092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26093,"Assessment only. Wheat (unspecified), barley, oat (?), legumes and hazelnut fragments were preliminarily identified.",,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
26094,"No data, although many charred cereal grains were recovered, particularly from a building interpreted as a mill.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
26095,"Based on assessment only. Fruit included an example of plum from an Iron Age context and apple from an undated context. Legumes were also present. Emmer was possibly present in the 1st-2nd century but not in the later Roman period (possibly intrusive). Some sprouted and germinated grains possible evidence for malting. Material from some of the wells suggested the presence of hay meadows, suggesting the floodplain was relatively well drained.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,moderate,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,-100,400
26096,"Wheat chaff was by far the most abundant component, whereas barley and wheat grains are present in similar percentages. Grains and chaff of emmer are still present although in small quantities. Grains of bread wheat were also present in small quantities. There was a lack of chaff from free threshing wheat. The predominance of chaff and the presence of grassland species, together with their association with a kiln, suggests that chaff and hay may have been used as fuel or packing material in a kiln.",moderate,minor,minor,moderate,,,minor,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-200,-1
26097,"The plant remains of late Iron Age/early Roman date were not differentiated according to site area in the report, and came from both Area 5 (transitional late Iron Age/Roman site) and Area 6 (mid-to-late Iron Age site). They are considered together here, as most appear to have been from Area 5. The abundance of club/bread wheat (free threshing) is of interest, as is the predominance of barley in some samples. The uneven distribution of the different plant categories is seen as potential evidence for an increased specialisation. Chaff and grassland species were found in association with malted grains and may possibly have come from hay and stubble used as fuel during the drying of malted grains. Possible fruit was plum/sloe and a possible onion seed was also present. Roman samples of c. AD 50-450 included samples from a well which contained almost exclusively barley grains, most of which had germinated, and spelt chaff. The sample composition suggests malting taking place in the area, and there may have been a malting kiln present. Some flax seeds were also present in this period. Another sample contained almost exclusively spelt chaff, with some bread/club wheat, barley and oats. This sample may represent a mixture of processing waste of different cereals. The presence of flax may indicate a system of crop rotation. Possible cultivated plants include radish (an imported crop), lupin (a fodder plant) and broad bean. The site is seen as having several parallels with Crick, also in Northants.",abundant,minor,moderate,moderate,,,minor,minor,moderate,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,1,100
26098,A moderate amount of spelt glume bases were recovered in relation to the other plant remains. A large amount of wheat grain/chaff was either spelt or emmer. The results indicate the use of hulled barley and spelt wheat at the site during the Roman period.,moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,450
26099,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26101,"Cereal grains were few and were mainly broken and abraded. The identifiable cereal grains were of glume wheat (emmer or spelt), and barley. Occasional wheat chaff fragments (glumes) were found and most were identifiable as glumes of spelt. Occasional wheat chaff fragments (glumes) were found and most were identifiable as glumes of spelt. There was little evidence that the ovens in the roundhouse which appear to be corndriers were used for processing cereals, and they may have had another function, or been cleaned after their final use.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26102,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26103,"Charred cereal grains were predominantly spelt (some possibly emmer but not positively identified), with  smaller numbers of free threshing wheat grains and significantly less barley and oat. Chaff was mostly spelt. Some possible cultivated pulses. Occasional samples produced significant amounts of chaff. Blackberry/raspberry seeds were probably intrusive. The charred plant remains probably represent traces of crop-processing debris blowing around the area from activities taking place at some distance from the sampled features.",abundant,,moderate,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
26104,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26105,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26106,Evidence for viticulture in the form of bedding trenches and grape pollen suggests the site is an extensive vineyard.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
26107,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26108,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26109,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26110,Mollusc remains suggest a grassland environment.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26111,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26112,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26113,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26114,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26115,"Plant remains low before late 3rd century. Spelt and barley present in early-to-mid Roman period. Samples from late Roman contexts provided more information, though still low concentration of cereal. Remains from dehusking and cleaning of spelt in this phase, with abundant wheat chaff (possibly a fuel). Spelt only positively identified wheat, though probable emmer also identified. Also low presence of barley and oat (oat possibly growing as a weed).  A single grain of flax. Celery and coriander seeds also found as well as fennel and black mustard. A cultivated brassica also found. Nut shells included hawthorn, hazel and acorn.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,275,350
26116,"Chaff from glume wheats present, most likely to be spelt, but only a few positively identified. No evidence for early stages of crop processing.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-1
26117,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26118,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26119,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26122,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26123,"Grains associated with some of the ovens, suggesting that they may have been corn driers. Only a limited number of grains identified. Wheat present but unidentified.",,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26124,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26125,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26126,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26127,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26128,"Few carbonised cereal remains. Occasional barley, rye, no others.",,,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26129,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26130,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
26131,"Assessment only - 33 bulk soil samples, 23 containing carbonised cereal remains. Species present included potential bread wheat, spelt, barley.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
26132,Preservation of plant remains extremely poor. A single grain of wheat (species unspecified).,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
26133,"Samples taken included from a late IA/early Roman context and a mid/late Roman context. In the earlier context cereal grains were present in very low numbers and were in poor condition; some were provisionally identified as wheat. The later sample was dominated by chaff, with a high number of cereal grains also present. The chaff all appeared to be glume bases or spikelet forks of wheat, with the morphology of the best preserved examples indicative of spelt wheat. The majority of the grain was also identified as wheat or possible spelt wheat.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
26134,Single grain of barley and chaff of spelt or emmer (spelt assumed for purposes of this record).,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
27002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27004,"Limited data but ' vegetable remains included what must have been a sack of wheat, a small quantity of seed of some kind of brassica?'. These finds were from the destruction layer, when the building was destroyed by fire sometime after AD 375.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,375,400
27005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27006,"The charred seeds were in a poor state preservation, showing fragmentation and abrasion. Chaff indicated the presence of spelt wheat and barley. The wild/weed species present included fat hen, cleavers and taxa from the pink family. The small quantities of chaff and weeds would seem to suggest a late stage in crop processing, a storage crop or cereal prepared for use.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
27007,"Cereal grains were few and were mainly broken and abraded. The identifiable cereal grains were of glume wheat, and barley grains were also found, this was of was of a hulled form including some twisted grains which showed that six-row barley was present. Occasional wheat chaff fragments (glumes) were found and most were identifiable as glumes of spelt with prominent minor veins, one prominent wide angled keel and wide bases. Glumes which were broken too short to distinguish these features or were of intermediate type were identified only as the glume wheats either emmer or spelt. Weed seeds were mainly of plants of arable or disturbed ground. The cereal remains were abraded and these together with the weed seeds, may represented a scatter of waste from either domestic activity in pit 1 sample 4, or even from cereal processing at some distance from the area in two other samples dominated by weed seeds. Some of the remains could equally represent remains from grassy material and weeds used as kindling perhaps from waste fodder. The samples produced fairly low densities of charred plants from the features sampled, possibly near the edge of domestic activity, or perhaps at some distance from where the cereals were being processed. This site is unusual in having early Roman samples.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,100
27008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27010,"The prehistoric features sampled were mainly on Area 3 and included a roundhouse gully, a post-hole, and an internal hearth sampled from three layers. All contained a low density scatter of charred plant remains, mainly of cereal grains including wheat and barley, a chaff fragment (glume) of spelt showed that this cereal was used. There were also a few seeds of leguminous weeds and large grasses with a tuber of onion couch grass in the sample from the gully, probably all as weeds of the crops. The remains probably represent a scatter of food preparation waste from cereals with a fragment of hazelnut shell included as evidence of gathered foods consumed as well as the cereals. A ditch cut 3168 contained similar remains. A nearby burial contained no charred plant remains in the sample except for a few flecks of charcoal with small fragments of bone. A ditch on Area 1 cut 1145 contained similar plant remains to those on Area 3 in the sample recorded however another part of the sample may have been contaminated with medieval material.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-300,50
27011,"The early sample, from Phase 2b, mid-late 2nd century, was dominated by wheat chaff fragments, representing the cleanings from dehusking mainly spelt wheat. Oat was also present but may be wild. The later third century well was dominated by grains, mostly of spelt with a little wheat chaff and occasional grains of barley. It is thought to represent domestic waste removed from a hearth and dumped in the well.  The fourth century corn drier was dominated by spelt grains and a little chaff, possibly the remains of the cereal processed in the feature.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
27012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27016,"Samples from the corn drier contained only grains, mainly of germinated wheat (unspecified), thought to represent possible evidence for malting.",,,,minor,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
27017,Barley and wheat (unspecified) were present. The site was believed to have been grassland during the Roman period.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
27018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27019,"Abundant cereal grains including wheat and hulled barley were found in the 'kiln' samples and pits. The wheat included spelt. Germinated wheat grains were recovered from one of the pits and a probable corn drier, raising the possibility of malting at the site.",abundant,,,abundant,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
27020,A single sample produced a moderate number of seeds including those of vetch type. No further information is available.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
27021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
27022,"The cereal types observed included spelt and barley. Wild/weed taxa included grass and sheep sorrel. The mollusc types were Discus rotundatus, pupilla muscorum and Planorbis sp. No quantification was provided in the report, though the amount of cereal recovered was considered poor. The low numbers suggests that this material was largely washed or blown into features from activities taking place in the vicinity.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,375
27023,"The seven samples assessed contained only a few charred plant remains which were poorly preserved. Only one sample contained a relatively rich charred plant assemblage, including wheat (unspecified), barley grains and a few seeds of Rumex sp. Small quantities of cereal grains were also observed in the other samples. Two samples  contained charcoal fragments.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,125
27024,"Twenty-one bulk soil samples were taken from a range of deposits and features associated with a Roman shrine and enclosures. The assemblage comprises relatively small quantities of charred cereal grain and weed seeds and more substantial quantities of charcoal, with the bulk of the material coming from only five samples. Two of the samples were sterile. Given the function of the site as a shrine, it is likely that the cereal grain, which includes naked barley, possible spelt wheat and possible hulled barley, was used in some ritual context and is not associated with agricultural grain processing. Such an interpretation is reinforced by the almost complete lack of chaff or other grain processing waste in any of the samples taken from the site. The two samples that produced charred grain were a small oven/kiln and the terminal of a gully associated with the initial phase of the shrine.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,500
27025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28003,"A single sample from a 3rd century context contained tens of thousands of chaff fragments, and a minor component of grains. Chaff was spelt and principally glume; bases and spikelet-forks together with some almost intact glumes and rachis internode segments). Rye also present and whilst the chaff was less abundant than spelt the grains occurred in similar abundance to the spelt grain. Rye thought by the specialist to be a chance contaminant of the spelt crop. The sample was believed to represent a single stage of crop processing (the report gives useful information about the various phases of crop processing).",abundant,,,,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
28004,No data - acidic soil conditions.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28005,"Evidence from charred and waterlogged plant remains were recovered from enclosure ditches and contemporary features to the east and south of the settlement, indicating that these enclosures were used as arable fields. Plant remains include spelt, minor emmer oats (unclear if cultivated or wild), barley. Spelt dominant. Crop-processing waste including glume bases and rachis fragments and arable weeds found. Similar cereal remains found at other sites within the settlement. Emmer also present. At least one deposit was representative of large-scale production rather than day-to-day activities. Seeds from a ditch deposit in the settlement area included coriander and hemlock. Also elderberry, raspberry/dewberry/blackberry, hazel and cherry.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,70,360
28006,"Little data, acidic soil conditions. A fragment of hazelnut shell and a single charred wheat grain (species uncertain). Pollen analysis indicated a general picture of an open landscape dominated by grassland.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,275
28007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28008,,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28009,420 litres sampled in five samples. Very few plant remains recovered. None from very clearly dated late Iron Age contexts. Site appears to have been set within a glade in woodland.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-1
28010,"50 samples taken. Small numbers of fruits and seeds recovered. Cereals identified included bread-type wheat, spelt, emmer and a small amount of hulled barley. Oat and possible rye grain regarded as probable weeds. Spelt thought to be dominant, followed by bread-wheat. Hazelnut shell also present. There is quantification in the report. The landscape was thought to have been dominated by oak woodland.",abundant,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
28011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28014,"Pulses including pea and pea/bean and barley recovered from the cremated remains of the older female burial. Charred and uncharred macrofossil seeds were abundant and well preserved in the brine tank fills due to waterlogged conditions. Dominated by hulled barley grains, along with chaff of 6-row barley and spelt wheat. Oats, emmer, rye and hazelnuts also recorded in low frequencies. Also abundant charred plant remains in contexts from a building, dominated by wheat and indeterminate cereals, with only a few barley grains present. This building thought to be a granary. Low chaff compared to grains in these contexts, and all of spelt. Peas and beans also present in high numbers. Uncharred fruit stones of hawthorn, blackberry, raspberry and elderberry also present. Unclear if oat was wild or cultivated. The large number of roundwood pieces from Nantwich allowed a detailed study of woodland management, and it was concluded that there was a change in wood-use activity from the random selection of diverse species to the predominant use of hazel of a specific age range, and this may represent formal woodland management in the form of coppicing.",abundant,minor,,abundant,minor,abundant,moderate,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
28015,Charred cereal had good preservation. Included hulled and naked barley from Roman contexts. Low number of cereal grains present suggested activity was not directly associated with crop processing.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
28016,"The contents of Lindow Man's stomach contained ground wheat (both spelt and emmer) and barley, probably the remains of unleavened bread. Possible rye also present as well as oats (uncertain if wild or cultivated but probably wild). Mistletoe pollen was also present suggesting a ritual meal. The second male body recovered also included intestines which contained fragments of wheat or rye, finely milled and hazelnut.",moderate,moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-2,119
28017,"Much depositional variation, with some contexts abundant, others with very little. The assemblages came from a small number of pits and postholes. An unusual amount of oats present, though not all from dated contexts. Low barley and wheat compared to oat. As the features were not all dated, and the assemblage is strange for a Roman date the author suggests possibility of medieval date. Data therefore not included here.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28023,"Abundant plant remains were recovered from an undated pit, possibly Roman. These included spelt bread wheat, hulled barley, naked barley and oat grains as well as emmer/spelt and bread wheat chaff and pulses. As this pit was undated these have not been included in the data fields below. However, a Roman pit did produce unidentified cereal grains and an unidentified pulse.",,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
28024,"Fragments of hazelnut only, no other data.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,200
28025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
28030,"Wheat (species unidentified), barley and oats noted, though very material  from samples. Also blackberries and Prunus.",minor,,,,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,120
29001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29004,"Charcoal analysis has indicated the use of managed woodland. Charred wheat discovered in early excavations and from a later pipeline excavation which revealed fine sieving waste in a pit, derived from spelt wheat processing. Waterlogged remains indicated a very open environment and included seeds of coriander and celery, indicating garden horticulture.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,350
29005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29008,"No data, but structural evidence to suggest brewing, so the malting box is tentatively checked here.",,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
29009,Charred wheat remains found from the hillfort - spelt/emmer wheat (undifferentiated) and barley.,moderate,moderate,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
29010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29016,"Samples produced a low density of charred grains, nutshells and burnt bone, most likely derived from food waste, along with ferrous residues and vitreous material probably derived from the intense burning of organic remains (i.e. 'fuel-ash slag').",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
29017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29018,"The upper fill of a cremation burial  revealed legumes, spelt and other indeterminate cereal grains, along with a small quantity of chaff, weed seeds and nutshell fragments.",moderate,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
29019,"Environmental remains were sparse and poorly preserved in all four samples. These included charred cereal crop remains, including barley, emmer/spelt wheat and possible spelt wheat.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,325
29020,"Roman deposits have produced a range of quantified environmental remains including a rich deposit of charred cereal crop remains recovered from a later Roman corn-drier, dominated by chaff of spelt wheat with a significant number of detached coleoptiles, and a small amount of barley chaff. Only occasional cereal grains were identified (emmer or spelt wheat and hulled barley plus a free-threshing wheat grain). One possible apple or pear seed. The sprouted grain embryos may indicate malting, though uncertain. In one of the field boundary  ditches  were noted well preserved charred spelt wheat grain and chaff, and seeds of a cornfield weed, stinking mayweed.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,minor,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
29021,"No charred cereal remains, just sheep' s sorrel. Waterlogged remains included elderberry and bramble.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,400
29022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29023,No sample from Roman date but a sample from a pit radiocarbon dated to the early-middle Iron Age indicated that spelt was becoming the dominant cultivated glume wheat. Pollen and charcoal suggests open grassland conditions.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,250
29024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29026,Only small fragments of charcoal and a fragment of a charred barley grain were recovered.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
29027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
29030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30001,Charred cereal grains found throughout the site and mostly comprise spelt glume bases along with some spelt grains and limited barley and oats. All weed species indicative of open/cultivated ground.,moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
30002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30003,Unidentified hulled wheat found in samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
30004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30007,"No data except charcoal from the kilns - alder, hazel, oak, willow and poplar.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30008,"Eleven samples taken for charred plant remains, with evidence for grains and chaff of glume wheat, mostly identified as spelt/emmer, but one glume base was certainly emmer. Also a grain of oat.",,moderate,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
30009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30012,"Samples taken from the enclosure ditches, with cereal grains/chaff, weed seeds and tree/shrub species record at low to moderate densities. Oat, rye and wheat grains recorded with wheat being predominant. Chaff the relatively uncommon, but spelt glume bases found. Weed seeds were very scares.",moderate,,,,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
30013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30023,"Twenty seven samples from the enclosure ditch, some of which contained charred cereal remains in high quantities that suggest settlement. The most abundant remains are glume bases of spelt wheat, and spelt wheat grain is also present in quantity. Two samples also contain significant quantities of rye, and there is a slight presence of barley (including hulled six-row barley) and oats. Other charred remains are nearly all arable weeds with large seeds. The high proportion of spelt wheat glumes and the absence of small weed seeds suggest that the main source of the charred crop remains on the site could have been the de-husking of spelt wheat spikelets, with the earlier stages of crop processing being carried out elsewhere.",abundant,,,minor,moderate,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,350
30024,Plant and insect remains indicate open grassland.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
30025,Some charred wheat grain in the field ditches,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30026,Charred plant remains were recovered from a sample in a Roman ditch with the cremation burial. This included barley and spelt wheat.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
30027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30028,Small quantities of charred cereal crop residue were found in four contexts. No identification.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,65,250
30029,"Palaeoenvironmental samples showed that hearth waste had been dumped into the enclosure ditches, with some evidence for wheat and grasses. Cereal grains and chaff recorded (including spelt wheat glume bases) and a small number of brome fruits.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
30030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
30031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31006,"A single sample from a Roman ditch context produced a rich charred assemblage. Widely dominated by chaff, mainly spelt glume bases. Spelt most common, but barley and rye also present. Sample interpreted as waste from cereal crop processing.",abundant,,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,200
31007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31008,Sample taken from Romano-British oven feature but no plant evidence recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31015,"Little material recovered, though a small number of wheat grains (spelt assumed here, though not specified), as well as a hazelnut shell.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
31016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31020,"Charred plant remains from the pit included wheat (uncertain but possibly spelt), hulled barley, pea and beet (possibly beetroot).",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,225
31021,"A number of environmental samples produced charred plant remains, particularly from the aisled building postholes. Emmer and spelt were represented by glume bases and also wheat grains thought likely to be spelt. Also hulled barley and rye chaff. Beet also present and thought likely to be cultivated. It was thought that the aisled building was used for storing semi-cleaned crops as the postholes contained both cereal grains and chaff, and it may have been used for some crop processing. Environmental evidence suggested some managed woodland in the locality, with probable open farmed land also.",minor,minor,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,100,150
31022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31023,"No plant remains other than waterlogged wood from the well, which included hazelnut shell.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,360
31024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31026,"129 samples taken averaging 20 litres, 110 from RB features. Number of grains and chaff are quantified in the report. Majority of samples dominated by charcoal, and only a few samples from the kiln were considered rich in plant remains. The dominant cereal present was wheat, represented by grain and chaff. Spelt was dominant, represented by glume bases and rachis fragments. Spelt grains were not identified to species, though were considered in all probability to be spelt. Crop processing thought to be taking place in the local vicinity. Barley grains and chaff also found, and also rye chaff and some grains. It was suggested that the large number of rye remains may indicate local cultivation rather than importation. Other crops included peas and flax. Oats were also present, though thought to be weeds in this instance. Crop processing waste probably used as fuel in the pottery kiln. The landscape was considered likely to have been fairly open, perhaps interspersed with areas of sparse oak woodlands and heathland.",abundant,,,moderate,moderate,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,150,350
31027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
31029,"A sloe/blackthorn stone recovered from a cremation grave as well as 3 blackberry seeds. Lentil also found, including in one of the ovens on the western side of the cemetery, as well as in two cremation graves. General environment suggested as grassland. A small amount of barley and emmer found, with some spelt, and one possible oat. Most of these grains all from a single pit.",minor,minor,,moderate,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,300
31030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32002,"Samples from two late Roman corndriers were taken and contained abundant cereal remains, mainly chaff including glumes of spelt and occasional glumes of emmer and a little chaff of barley. Cereal grains were fewer in number and mainly of spelt with occasional barley. Very occasional germination (but not enough to suggest malting). The ratio of glumes to grains was seen as evidence for cereal cleaning waste used as a fuel to further process the cereals and the presence shows that dehusking of the cereals was carried out on site.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
32003,Pollen evidence suggested an open grassland. Minimal charred material. A charred pea or bean suggested domestic waste. A 4th century gully contained most of the material and included chaff (glumes) including spelt and unidentified cereal grains.,minor,,,,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,400
32004,"Limited evidence - samples included cereal grains, a few wheat glumes (species unidentified) - considered insufficient for analysis.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,400
32005,"Small quantities of emmer or spelt found - neither positively identified.  And marrow nutlet may have been eaten, as well as hazelnuts. Also very minimal barley and oat.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,125
32006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32011,"Plant remains from the road scheme work included a pit with barley, spelt wheat, spelt chaff and a few grains and chaff of bread wheat. Also a few grains and chaff of rye.",minor,,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
32012,"The richest area was the area around the cottage house (which overlay a corndrier) - some samples extraordinarily rich, primarily with spelt chaff but with some grains and seeds. Most chaff fragments were glume bases and a few spikelet forks and rachises. Some barley also found. Little positively identified emmer, but a small amount of chaff. The corn drier sample was particularly well represented, and consisted primarily of spelt chaff, with some grain and a small amount of barley. Suggestion that spelt chaff was being used for fuel. A cesspit also contained mostly spelt chaff. Very minor presence of rye and bread wheat in the late Roman period. Large quantity of spelt chaff seen as evidence for processing on a large scale, and possibly it was stored as a fuel product. Minor presence of pea or bean in late Roman period. Waterlogged plant remains were analysed and the environment was thought to have been an open cultivated landscape.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
32013,No securely dated samples (bread wheat and rye recorded from non-securely dated sample).,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32025,"Environmental sampling of the wells and corndriers. The corndriers produced large quantities of chaff and cereal, including sprouted grain. The domestic ovens were also found to contain small quantities of cereal remains. Spelt and emmer positively identified, as well as small numbers of bread wheat, barley, rye and cultivated and wild oat. Large proportion of chaff to grain around the area of the corndriers may suggest waste material was being used as fuel. Pollen evidence suggests an open, dry, cultivated landscape, with some wasteland and with a woods in the area.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,700
32026,No Roman data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32033,"What chaff numerous, the majority being of spelt. A few also of emmer. Cereal grains of spelt, emmer and free threshing wheat. Most were spelt. A small amount of germinated grains, not enough to suggest malting. Occasional barley and a few possible oat (probably wild). A fruit stone of sloe or bullace. Samples from one of the corndriers was mostly of chaff (glumes) with few grains and few seeds. Interpreted as chaff from crop processing stored and then used as fuel for the driers. The other corndrier had more or less equal amounts of grains and glumes.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
32034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32036,"Moderate to abundant grain, chaff and charred seeds. Chaff predominantly spelt. Minor free threshing wheat present. Spelt dominant. The composition of the samples is thought generally indicative of the final stages in the crop processing sequence.",abundant,,minor,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
32037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32038,No IA/RB data.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32063,"Samples from corn driers from Tiddington contained mainly chaff fragments of spelt and grains of wheat. Chaff thought to be sieving waste used as tinder. A few grains of hulled six-row barley, rye and oats were also present. Oats were thought to be wild, and rye also possibly was. Some sprouted wheat grain, but uncertain if deliberate.",moderate,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,400
32064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
32066,"Total of 41 samples of 5-40 litres taken. Only 12 chosen for analysis. RB samples were from pits and a burnt feature. Low density of remains from one of the pits, including four bread wheat grains, and fragments of hazelnut shell. A burnt feature contained wheat (unspecified), barley or wheat, an oat grain and a large legume resembling Celtic Bean/Horse Bean.",,,minor,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
33001,"Plant data available from Area B (livestock herding structures), with charred pant remains present in low numbers including barley and spelt wheat, as well as small quantities of spelt chaff. Some sprouted grain, although seemingly not enough to suggest malting. Glume bases present in much greater numbers than grains. Plant remains scarce from Areas C-D (roadside plots), but single grains of barley, wheat (unspecified) and a spelt glume base were recovered.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,375
33002,No plant remains recovered in sample.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
33003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
33004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
33005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
33006,"149 samples taken of 5-25 litres (averaging 15 litres). Charred assemblages were recovered from several mid-Iron Age features, though these have not been included in the data below as they fall outside the remit of this project. However, spelt and barley were present, and it is noted in the report that there was no temporal distinction between the two periods. The Romano-British enclosures contained remarkably small amounts of charred remains and few cereal grains were present, and it was noted that this is not typical of domestic occupation which is permanent or long-lived. The infrequent remains included spelt wheat, hazelnut shell, oat and barley (abundant in one pit). Environmental evidence suggests an open landscape with access to woodland, with some wetland species also present. Copses of managed woodland, in particular oak, extant in the area.",minor,,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
33007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34002,Moderate to abundant cereal seeds in fill of corn dryer and moderate seeds from layer above building. No species information provided.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
34003,"Few charred remains recorded from most samples, but two contexts very rich. Quantities of spelt wheat glume bases found,  plus vetch/pea recovered from a vessel. On the whole most was spelt chaff, and other wheat (unspecified). Also pea, cabbage (prob weed). V small quantity of emmer,  hulled barley, oat (wild or cultivated), and rye. A single grape pip thought likely to be a modern contaminant. Charred hazelnut may be a wild food resource. Suggested that there was some food processing including flour and  baking, processing of a cleaned spelt wheat crop into flour, and then into bread..  Wheat crop brought onto site in spikelets rather than as clean grain. The dominance of chaff over grains and weed seeds suggests that the crop was not grown on site, or if it had been, the majority of the processing had been done on another part of the site which was not excavated. The chaff which was detached from the wheat grains was then used as a fuel in the oven/s.",abundant,minor,,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,150,400
34004,"Limited charred grain, and only small numbers of cereal identified as either wheat or rye.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,225
34005,"Charred cereal grains present and most abundant in early Roman samples, dominated by chaff of spelt wheat and or  spelt or emmer. Seen as waste from crop processing. Several discrete deposits dominated by chaff (glume bases and spikelet forks) of spelt or emmer/spelt. Best evidence for processing therefore predates the villa building.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,360
34006,"Wheat and chaff present, mostly unidentified, but spelt glume bases and emmer spikelet forks identified in phase 1. Charred hazel indicates some wild food gathering. Only spelt identified in phase 2 with no evidence for continuation of emmer. Fruit stones of elder suggestive of additional food gathering.",moderate,minor,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
34007,"Abundant cereal remains from late Iron Age pits including abundant emmer or spelt (both present and in different storage pits, indicating grown concurrently) and moderate barley. In Roman period plant remains survival poor, occasional cereal remains including emmer or spelt grains, and spelt chaff, barley and weed seeds. Environment perhaps woodland or scrub.",abundant,abundant,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,230
34008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34009,"Small plant assemblage discovered, presence of slag with crop waste suggested as crop processing by-products used as fuel. Small amount of emmer, poss. fruit.",,minor,,,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
34010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34012,"Emmer or spelt present, no precise identification.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
34013,"A small amount of moderately well preserved charred cereal grain including wheat (unspecified), and spelt glume bases.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
34014,V. little charred grain - barley included and spelt (species not listed).,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
34015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34016,"Abundant spelt grain, particularly in a sample from a 4th century annexe to the aisled building. Moderate chaff also present (though maybe preferential loss of chaff over grain during burning), though far less than grain. One of the ovens produced predominantly barley but spelt grains also found. Some sprouted grains of spelt or barley, but unsure if this relates to malting. Minor rye, oat (poss. Wild) and legumes. Environmental evidence from the well suggested rough weedy vegetation in the vicinity of the well and woodland scrub in the area.",abundant,minor,,moderate,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,370
34017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34018,Limited. One charred cereal grain- either emmer or spelt. Minor barley.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
34019,Barley and emmer or spelt present (neither positively identified).,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
34020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34022,"Moderate to abundant plant remains, mostly either spelt or emmer, although abundant chaff was of spelt and it is assumed that the cereal was principally spelt. Also possible rye and some barley and oat (wild or cultivated).",abundant,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,325
34023,"Waste or emmer crop possibly used as fuel for fires or ovens. Quantity modest. V little grain. Spelt grain and chaff confirmed but most identified only as emmer or spelt. Barley, oat and legume also present in small numbers.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
34024,"Moderate to abundant cereal assemblage, the richest sample from an oven or hearth. Dominated by chaff of spelt and cereal grains also present - most unidentified, but much wheat and some barley.",abundant,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
34025,"Two corndriers interpreted as being multi-functional, for baking and corn drying. Evidence for spelt and barley. Few charred grains from one of the ovens, more from the other, including wheat and some spelt chaff. Also legume. Most wheat not identified precisely, but spelt assumed.",moderate,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,325
34026,A small number of seeds and a small amount of chaff of spelt and oats and chaff of bread wheat. Also limited legumes.,minor,,minor,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,325
34027,"Chaff extremely well preserved, and there was a very large proportion of wheat, especially wheat chaff. Also many shoots from sprouting grains (though not interpreted as evidence for malting). Chaff mostly heavy chaff. Also some oat. Barley present but poorly represented. High content of chaff in one sample indicative of a waste area, whilst high content of grain in others suggests areas more likely to be associated with crop cleaning. Emmer and spelt not clearly separated in the report, but both are mentioned and so both have been presented as abundant.",abundant,abundant,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,250
34028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34029,"Very few cultivated plant remains recovered, just minor spelt.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
34030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34031,No Roman data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34032,"Charred cereal grains few in number, but evidence of barley and spelt was found. Due to sparse evidence the interpretation was that cereal was brought in from elsewhere. Raspberry/bramble also present. Some spelt chaff present. Evidence seen as suggesting a primarily pastoral economy.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,275,420
34033,Some glume bases of emmer found. Also some barley.,,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
34034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34035,"Roman features included charred grains of spelt, barley, and probable wheat or rye grains. Very high proportion of grains to chaff, indicating the crop was processed when it was carbonised. Quantity of plant remains uncertain, but as one feature was considered to be fairly well represented they have been classified as abundant.",abundant,,,abundant,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
34036,"Minor spelt glume base and unidentified wheat grains, possibly also spelt.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
34037,No clearly Roman data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34041,Limited environmental data. Few charred seeds or chaff. A single spelt glume base.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,300
34042,"The fill of one gully produced over 100 unidentified cereal grains, and positively identified chaff suggested that at least some (if not all) were spelt.",moderate,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
34043,Wheat was identified only as emmer or spelt. Spelt assumed here. Blackberry/bramble also present.,minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,300
34044,"One grain of emmer or spelt (spelt assumed here) present. Fruit seeds also found in one of the evaluations, including strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, elderberry, apple and sloe. Peas also present. Also evidence for human intestinal parasitic eggs, indicating human waste deposition.",minor,,,,,minor,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,75,300
34045,"Very little data. 1 unidentified cereal grain.  No data available for CA assemblage, but some charred gain recovered.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34047,Occasional grains of emmer or spelt (spelt assumed here) and possible barley only.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
34048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34049,Generally poorly preserved. Occasional grains of emmer or spelt (spelt assumed here and spelt chaff recovered supporting this) and hulled barley present in Iron Age/Roman and Roman samples.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
34050,"Grains included spelt or wheat (spelt assumed here, and spelt chaff was confirmed - spelt glume bases). Some recovered from one of the grave fills, though thought to be residual and not grave goods. Charred plant remains occurred in low densities.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,640
34051,"Both of two samples contained small assemblages of charred grain and chaff fragments, which included examples of glume wheat grains and glume bases of spelt or emmer (spelt assumed here).",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
34052,"Low quantities of charred cereal grains including wheat (unspecified but spelt assumed here), barley and wild or cultivated oat. Charred fragments of hazelnut also present. Low-levels suggest only small-scale processing.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,-50
34053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34061,"A number of storage pits containing wheat grains (type uncertain), were found.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
34062,"Grain from spelt or emmer, and chaff from spelt (glume base), so spelt assumed generally, though 2 occurrences of emmer chaff also. Also further wheat chaff not further identified. Seen by specialist as low concentrations of material characteristic of background waste arising from domestic activities.",minor,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
34063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
34067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35002,"76 sample flots were taken and sorted. Late Iron Age samples produced primarily burnt peat, found concentrated in a trackway deposit. Trace fragments of poorly preserved cereal grain (unidentified) and occasional seeds of the red campion. LIA/ER ditches and gullies produced only poorly preserved barley and barley/wheat. A small range of weeds were present, as well as burnt oak and peat (fuel). The Roman period contexts produced the largest amounts of identifiable cereal grain, although still only in fairly small quantities. Both cf. wheat and barley/wheat were recovered.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-25,300
35003,"71 samples were taken for environmental analysis. Charcoal derived from 39 and charred cereals from 17. The phase 4 corndrier produced the greatest quantity of remains per litre of sample. A large quantity of burnt cereal was recovered from the pit with burnt animal bone. Plant remains included burnt cereals, nutlets, achenes and fruit. Phase one deposits include a possible bread or spelt wheat grain. Phase two deposits include three pits. One characterised by an equal quantity of oats, barley and hulled wheat (spelt?), one by clearings from household activities, and one by processing waste from barley, wheat and oats. Phase 3 deposits included barley grains in one burial (grave good). Phase 4 deposits were dominated by the corndrier. Again, wheat were most common, with lesser quantities of barley and oats; the wheat remains could not be differentiated between spelt and bread wheat. Very few chaff or weeds were found in this deposit. No germinated grains were found. Assemblage not quantified in report - contact analyst (Diane Alldritt)?. Possible evidence for wet meadows were encountered in phases 2 and 3.",moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,75,250
35005,"Grains of hexaploid wheat (spelt?) and barley are present, as well as spelt chaff. Weed seeds indicate cultivation of grassland and wetland areas. One pea was recovered. Remains from later excavations still need to be quantified.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
35006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35007,"A very small amount of carbonised cereal grain (barley and wheat) and weed seeds were present in trench 1 (the road section), though chaff was absent. However, preserved charred and waterlogged remains from the waterhole (4thC AD) demonstrated the presence of spelt, emmer and bread wheat, as well as pea/vetch and raspberry/blackberry, although still in comparatively minor quantities. Further results from this feature suggested the collection of plants from acidic heathlands. In particular, heather was recovered which could have been for fuel, fodder or for thatching. Insects suggest the presence of large herbivores, whilst the remains of hay/straw was also indicated from the presence of 'mould-feeding Coleoptera'. The straw may have been left around the waterhole as fodder. A wide range of tree species was found amongst the preserved wood. All the species, other than oak which found to have come from trees of a range of ages, were from trees between 3-5 years of age, which is suggestive of an organised exploitation of coppiced woodland.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,300,400
35008,"43 samples were taken for environmental sieving. Charred cereal remains were present in quite a few samples although rarely at high levels. Bread and spelt wheats, hulled barley, and oats were all recorded as was chaff from all of these taxa. Weed seeds were rare and this may reflect at least in part the relatively poor state of preservation. Spelt glume bases were quite abundant in a few contexts. Vetch/tare was also present. Waterlogged remains were rare, though an important aspect included the presence of a possible rachis internode of Triticum durum ? rivet wheat, a free-threshing form of emmer. The bulk of the grain was hulled barley with rather few remains from rye or wheats suggesting that the durum remains were not necessarily a crop in its own right. Fruit was represented by elderberry and blackberry (late Roman). Insects were common and very well preserved from the well. These appear to consistent with the period of use of the feature, rather than from an abandonment phase. The lack of evidence for stable manure or other foul matter produced by keeping livestock is notable, as is the rarity of species typical of stored hay. Insects likely to have come from within buildings were rare and there were no ectoparasites of humans. Grain pests were exceptionally rare for a Roman occupation site.",moderate,,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
35009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35012,"All samples have been quantified by phase. The corndrier was predominantly filled with grain. 10 LIA samples were restricted to mostly unidentifiable charcoal, with a few charred grains and hazelnut shell fragments. Samples also produced waterlogged fruits and seeds of blinks, borage and black-bindweed. Contexts contained small amounts of barley and emmer/spelt wheat remains. Almost all of the wild plant species recorded can be associated with cereal fields. 8 LIA/ER samples again produced mostly charcoal, but also barley, spelt wheat and hazelnut shell. Other identifiable botanical remains were restricted to traces of pea/vetch and onion couch. All the Romano-British deposits, 11 samples, were located within area 4 mostly associated with the crop-drying kiln. Two samples from the flue lining contained only a few charred cereal grains, chaff and weed seeds. Charred cereals had mainly accumulated in the later ?abandonment? phase of the kiln. The cereal grain assemblages appeared to consist primarily of spelt and free-threshing wheat species. The preservation of cereal grains was rather poor and a relatively large portion (33-83%) could not be identified to genus or species level. All of the wild plant species recovered with the grain assemblages can be associated with arable fields.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
35013,No charred plant remains recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35014,"Charred cereal grains were identified from three contexts, with chaff coming from two of these. The taxa present included bread wheat, some spelt and barley. Low density of weed seeds indicative of wetland and 'ruderal' environments. Remains were generally poorly preserved. Assemblage preliminarily quantified.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
35015,Waterlogged botanical remains indicated a damp/wetland area. Very little charred material was recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35017,"11 environmental samples were recovered from LIA/Roman features. Traces of cereal grain hint at arable agriculture at the site (only 2 grains). However, the remains were poorly preserved and could not be identified to taxon. Hazelnut shells were also recovered.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
35018,"Enviro samples only produced charcoal, perhaps associated with the metal-working.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35019,"Very small quantities of cereal remains were recovered from environmental samples including hulled wheat (emmer positively identified) and hulled barley. Chaff was present and sometimes still attached to the grain, perhaps indicative of processed storage material. Preservation was generally poor however.",,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
35020,"34 out of 67 bulk environmental samples from the site produced charred grains, though mostly these were indeterminate identifications in small quantities. Contexts sampled included the eaves drip gullies of Iron Age or early Roman buildings, plus the field/enclosure boundary ditches of later Roman date. The wheat was not identified to taxon. A seed of Faba was recovered from a Roman pit, and one of Pisum sativum in the fill of a Roman ditch, was also recovered. Both were charred. Remains not yet quantified.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,375
35021,"81 of the 211 flots contained charred cultivated crop remains. Of these 76 contained charred indeterminate grains, 7 contained charred oat grains, 6 contained charred barley grains, 2 contained charred wheat grains, 3 contained charred Faba species and one contained a charred seed of Pisum sativum. Not quantified in report but possibly accessible from specialist.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
35022,"Only 13 out of 82 bulk samples produced cereal remains, which were generally poorly recovered even where present. Only oat was identified from the grain. Weed seeds present. Assemblages not quantified in report.",,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
35023,"21 contexts were sampled (not quantified). Occasional seeds were present in some, but not in quantities which would support meaningful interpretation into crop husbandry. Flots did contain weed species, such as rush and dock, whilst another contained a sedge nutlet and common meadow rue. All these species are residents of wetlands. The presence of dock and fat-hen also suggests damper ground. None of the weed seeds were charred or mineralised.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
35024,"76 samples taken, but the report does not differentiate between LIA/ER contexts and late Saxon/medieval contexts. Oat, barley and wheat grain were all identified, plus pea.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
35025,Few charred grains were recovered from the flots. No taxa identifications of cereals were made.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35026,"Six samples produced very small flots, only one of which was noted to have contained charred cereal grains of uncertain taxon.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,150
35027,"The samples all produced small flots, which contained very little plant material apart from roots and other modern contaminants. Very little charcoal was found. Charred material recovered included an oat in one sample, and indeterminate grains in five samples. Seeds were found in most of the samples, mainly as fat-hen and docks, both common weed species of damp ground.",,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
35028,Assemblage not yet quantified. Few flots contained charred grains. Indeterminate charred grains were found in six samples. Two samples contained barley and one contained an oat grain. Small amounts of charred chaff were also found in one sample.,,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
35029,"The samples all produced very small flots that did not contain a large amount of plant remains, except for one which contained a large amount of indeterminate charred grains. Assemblage not quantified.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
35030,"24 samples were taken but only four contained charred grains, all of which were of indeterminate taxon.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
35031,Samples produced very few charred plant remains. There was deemed to be little scope for further work.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35032,"21 bulk produced small flots that contained mainly charcoal. Only two produced examples of charred grain, both of which were indeterminate.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35033,"8 out of 24 samples produced charred cereal grain. All the charred remains were indeterminate grain samples, except for one which contained oat as well as a seed of Faba species. Chaff was also found in one sample. Not quantified, but flots generally minimal.",,,,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
35034,"Only two samples contained cereal grain, one oat and the other indeterminate.",,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
35035,Only one flot contained charred grains: one grain of a wheat variety and one indeterminate cereal grain. 13 samples in total; not quantified.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
35036,"Few plant remains were preserved in 21 samples taken, except for small amounts of charcoal. The charred grain recovered was mainly indeterminate, with only a few oats being identifiable. Of the samples from which charred grain was recovered, none were considered suitable for further analysis.",,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
35037,"A large number of synanthropic insect and a lack of grain-pests suggested that the site was in or near a watery area and may have been a predominantly pastoral settlement (evaluation report). Assessment of soil samples taken from waterlogged fills of one ditch confirms the presence of pasture and meadowland, plus the disposal of human detritus (excavation overview report - no data).",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,150,400
35038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35039,"Only one sample of late Roman date produced results including a few charred wheat grains and one barley grain, as well as and some ?spelt glume-bases (the latter few in number, but quite well preserved).",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
35040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35041,"317 samples were taken from the site in total. Charred grain, chaff and seeds were recovered, though full identification and quantification is yet to be undertaken.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35042,"389 samples were collected from the site, the bulk of which relates to the late Iron Age and Roman periods. These are yet to be fully analysed and reported on. Grain, chaff and seeds all present in a very large assemblage.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,375
35043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35045,"27 samples taken, but no quantified data available. The charred plant remains other than charcoal are not abundant, although three samples from the Iron Age ditches in the north-east corner of the site contain relatively rich assemblages. Occasional poorly preserved cereal grains occur in just under half of the samples, with a few identifiable to wheat, barley or oats, and several grass seeds. Occasional chaff fragments which will allow specific identification of the cereal species have been recovered in six samples. Charred weed seeds are more frequent, occurring in most of the samples, but in fairly low numbers in all but six.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,150
35046,"From Plot 128 charred cereals remains were present in three samples, two of which consisted grain and two with chaff. Preservation of the charred remains was variable, although the presence of particularly fragile chaff components does demonstrate some instances of very good preservation. The provisional grain identifications were of barley, whilst the chaff included a hulled wheat, barley rachis fragments and a distinctive awn provisionally identified as oat. Charred weed seeds occurred more frequently but the assemblages were generally very small and poorly preserved; an exception was a weed seed assemblage from a chaff-rich deposit. Plot 129 produced charred seed remains in very low densities. Three samples produced fragments of whole grains of cereal or large grasses, but the identification of the cereals was restricted to two chaff fragments. There is evidence in the insect assemblages for standing water in some of the ditches and, more broadly, for a rural landscape with grazing animals.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,250
35047,"The corndrier produced relatively well-preserved remains, including charcoal, charred chaff, grain, charred seeds and uncharred seeds. Samples from other areas of the site and from different phases were also taken. The assemblage was only assessed and no quantified data was yet available.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,350
35048,"The provisional identifications of the cereals are wheat, with one or two grains of spelt noted, as well as barley, some of which was hulled, and also a small amount of oat. The corresponding chaff assemblages were primarily that of a glume wheat species. There was very little barley chaff and no oat chaff. Other remains of economic value are very abraded legumes which, based on the round shape of the remains, may be pea. Interestingly, a small number of flax seeds have also been noted in one of the grain and seed-rich samples. The weed assemblages were often small, but include sedges and heath-grass. The assemblage is not yet quantified.",minor,,,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
35049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35050,"A large number of samples were taken from the site, though these have yet to be fully analysed and quantified. Charred seeds and cereal grain are present throughout most of the samples in low numbers. Preliminary identification of spelt wheat, barley, occasional free-threshing wheat, oats, flax and possible pea have been made for crops, while seeds include docks, heath grass, grasses, orache/goosefoots, knotweeds, bistorts and others. Cereal chaff occurs consistently, with both spelt wheat and barley chaff present, although in fewer samples than grain. Much of the grain is poorly preserved and only a proportion will be identifiable to species, but much of the chaff may be identifiable. Although abundance in the samples is generally low, several samples have larger assemblages and two samples, 537 and 583, are particularly rich in charred remains of all categories. This evidence and some of the less rich samples indicate crop processing activities being undertaken at the site, rather than just food preparation and consumption.",minor,,minor,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,400
35051,"Assemblage at assessment stage and is not yet quantified. Cereal grain, chaff fragments and weed seeds were all present and provisional identifications include hulled barley and wheat, including a bread wheat-type. Only two fragments of wheat chaff were recovered, both characteristic of a glume wheat species, such as emmer or spelt. The weed species provisionally identified included those commonly associated with disturbed areas and grassland.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,150
35052,"The size of the flots from the 13 samples ranged, and included several large organic flots - not yet quantified. The samples produced both charred and ?waterlogged? plant material with variable preservation noted between assemblages. Identifiable remains consisted of small amounts of charred grain, cereal chaff and wild plant or weed seeds. Preservation of all the cereal grains was generally poor, with the few identifiable cereals consisting of spelt wheat, free-threshing wheat, possibly hulled barley and oat. Small amounts of charred cereal chaff were recorded, mainly consisting of hulled wheat chaff including spelt wheat. Charred wild plant or weed seeds were present in small amounts with limited species diversity noted. Overall, insect samples show a pastoral farming landscape, with dung beetles present in high numbers across the site.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
35053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35054,Remains present but not yet analysed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,350
35055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35056,A single bread wheat grain represented the only charred cereal remains from the site.,,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
35057,"Assemblages from the settlement site were not quantified, but included small amounts of spelt, oats, possible rye and barley. Terrestrial insects were numerous with enough dung beetles (Aphodius and members of other families) to suggest grazing land. The presence of yellow rattle is perhaps an indicator of hay meadow exploitation at the settlement, maybe suggesting that the settlement was more pastoral than arable in its economic focus. No remains appear to have been studied from the corn-dryer.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
35058,The assemblage still requires full analysis and quantification.,minor,,,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,400
35059,"Very few plant remains were recovered from environmental samples, probably due to poor preservation. Only Spelt chaff was noted from Roman contexts.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,250
35060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35061,"The charred cereal remains were quantified by sample and dated solely from the 3rd and 4thC AD. Spelt, bread wheat and barley were all identified, whilst a range of weeds seeds were also present, reflecting both damp ground and acidic conditions, the latter indicating cultivation of drier sand hilltops nearby. The specialist suggests that the best deposits of material were in mixed secondary deposits. Charcoal recovered from the site included, in descending order by quantity, alder, willow, birch, oak, hazel and pine. It appears that the wood may have come from a variety of sources, whilst pollen evidence also suggests the presence of woodland near the River Foulness.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
35062,"15 samples were taken but little carbonised material was found. Some remains of hulled wheat, barley and oat were present. Either cereal remains were limited in general or did not survive the acid conditions.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,200
35063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35064,"Dung beetles in the well suggest that waste from livestock buildings or enclosures had been deposited in the feature (troughs were also recovered from its fill). A relatively large quantity of weed seeds, plus some carbonised barley was also recovered from the well.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
35065,'Corn' was noted to have been recovered from two area of the site.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
35066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35068,"Only one sample was sent for processing, from a roadside ditch, which produced evidence for weeds from damp cultivated land. An insect assemblage supported this interpretation for nearby pasture.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,350
35069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35070,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35071,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35072,"Water-logged deposits produced plant and invertebrate remains, indicative of poor-quality grassland, scrub, some woodland, with strong evidence for grazing livestock. Charred cereal remains were present but poorly represented. Barley grain and chaff from spelt wheat and barley were present, alongside some (probably wild) oats. Quantities of charred arable weed seeds were also identified. The assemblage was quantified and three of the five samples were carbon dated within the range AD60-240.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,60,240
35073,"A few waterlogged remains were recovered, but give little information on site activities.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
35074,No report available but Vanessa Straker is said to have carried out some analysis.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36003,"Three samples produced carbonised grain. Barley, oats and bread wheat were all present, but not well dated (the bread wheat may have been medieval).",,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
36004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36005,No plant remains but land snails suggest an open grassland environment.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36007,12 pollen samples were taken mostly suggestive of pastoral farming.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
36008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36020,Charcoal was identified as hazel and poplar. No cereal remains were noted in the report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36021,No sampling carried out for this excavation.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36024,"Only oak charcoal was recovered. Carbonised oat was identified, but only in some burnt daub fragments.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,140
36025,"A comparatively large quantity of dried cereal remains came from the kiln/corn-drier. Spelt wheat glume was found in abundance, whilst cleaned spelt and barley grain was identified in similar quantities, with chaff of both cereals also identified. Straw was identified, as were single occurrences of Celtic bean and flax and a possible legume, whilst oat chaff was also noted. Weed seeds were present but comparatively rare. Comparatively larger wheat grains, compared to other northern sites, and the presence of stinking mayweed (only reportedly common in the south), may suggest imported arable produce (see report for details).",abundant,,,moderate,,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
36026,"Many samples taken from earlier excavation, though raw data not quantified in report (contact WYAS?). Phase 2 (LIA) produced spelt, bread wheat, barley, oats, weed seeds and hazelnut. Phase 3 remains were retrieved from the T-shaped crop-drier, which demonstrated the drying of oats, spelt wheat and barley, and a six-post storage structure. Phase 4 samples derived from the square-headed corndrier, which produced mainly spelt wheat grain, plus barley and wheat chaff. In the later 2014 excavation 8 samples were taken, 3 of which produced evidence for cereal remains, though these were minimal and generally degraded. The samples appear to have been somewhat mixed. Identifications included hulled wheat (spelt) and barley. Hazelnut shell present. Assemblage quantified, but identified remains appear too few for statistical analysis.",abundant,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
36027,"29 samples were examined from the main settlement area for charred plant remains from ditches, pit, a post-hole and the corndrier. Grain and chaff from the latter were well preserved and included spelt, possibly bread wheat, and oat. Well preserved spelt glumes were recovered from a pit. Weed seeds were rare and largely confined to a ditch. Very few agricultural indicators were recovered from the corndrier suggesting the presence of final stage processing of material. Other ditches which produced pottery were largely sterile in terms of botanical remains. Assemblage quantified to phase. A further 38 samples were examined from the field-systems, but these were largely devoid of charred cereal remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36028,"Very small quantities of charred plant material was recovered from 8 (of 10) samples, though only 2 of these produced cereal remains (spelt and barley grain - 2 each) and some arable weed seeds (5).",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,350
36029,A large number of samples were taken but preservation and recovery was generally poor. Cereal remains were rare and not quantified.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36030,"Samples were taken in 1992 but cereal remains were few. Samples included spelt, barley, oat, hazelnut, and some weed seeds.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
36031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36032,"Seven of 63 samples contained sufficient plant remains for analysis, and these have been quantified in the report, containing grains of oat, barley, spelt wheat, and unid. wheat. Wheat grains dominated. Rachis nodes of barley, and chaff from the wheat were also present. A very small quantity of detached embryos were found. A range of 'herb' seeds were generally of arable weeds, though the specialist suggests they may reflect turves fro building material. Sedges and hazelnut suggest wider exploitation.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,325
36033,"Cereal grains of wheat and barley were recovered, two of the wheat grains were possibly of emmer and bread wheat. Very little chaff was identified. Two samples were fully quantified. Charcoal mainly derived from oak heartwood, but also alder, birch, hazel, heathers, ash, hawthorn, poplar/willow, blackthorn/cherry.",,minor,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,80
36034,"19 samples (quantified) were taken from the site. Cereal grains were recovered from ditch features, in which chaff was found in moderate to abundant quantities. Spelt and bread wheat grain was identified, as was a single emmer wheat grain. Varying quantities of weed seeds were identified from across the site, including typical arable weeds, grassland taxa, and wet ground plants. Possible heathland/turf indicators were also identified, perhaps from material imported for fuel. A range of wood taxa were noted in the charcoal assemblage, mostly from fuel waste. A further 9 samples were examined and quantified from the Scotch Corner Hotel site mostly representing processing debris.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,150
36035,"Two samples recorded the presence of cereal remains: the cremation and a fire pit/oven. Both dated to the 2nd/3rdC AD. Both samples were quantified in the report. In the pit cereal dominated over chaff. Wheat dominated, and though the species could not be identified from the grains, only spelt chaff was present. A charred cherry/sloe/plum stone was also present. Weed seeds were few. Charcoal indicated a range of woodland taxa.",abundant,,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
36036,No data from post-settlement contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36038,Many samples taken but no report yet ready.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36039,A pollen report is included.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36040,Dung beetles present.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36043,"23 samples were taken and fully quantified in the report. Of the 500+ cereal grains recovered, 149 were wheat and 144 were barley. The wheat identified was of spelt, with one grain of bread wheat observed. A larger quantity of chaff was recovered, about three times as much as grain. The majority of this material was from spelt, with one example of emmer and some evidence for bread and/or club wheat and oats (bread wheat was introduced in the final phase). Seeds of sloe and remains of hazelnut were also identified. A large quantity of weed seeds were recovered, much of which was indicative of low levels of soil fertility, i.e. manuring was insufficient, and expansion of arable agriculture was necessary (see Van der Veen 1992).",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,80
36044,"Two samples taken from the ditches. Minimal quantities of cereal was recovered, mostly spelt chaff perhaps more indicative of processing waste, plus arable and damp grassland weeds and wild strawberry.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,300
36045,"Seven samples taken and the analysis is quantified in the report. All samples date mid-4th to early 5thC AD. Comparatively large quantity of bread wheat grain from one sample, but present in each. Though high numbers of spelt wheat chaff also present in each. Cultivated pea recovered in some quantity from a ditch sample. Weed seeds reflective of arable, grassland, and damp areas. A cherry seed was also identified from a posthole. Several contexts also included small quantities of detached embryos.",abundant,,moderate,minor,,moderate,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,325,450
36046,"No samples were selected for detailed analysis from this site, though charcoal was indicative of local deciduous, scrubby woodland.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36047,Some charcoal from the roundhouse postholes was analysed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36050,Four of the samples were exceptionally rich in carbonised grain but have not been analysed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36051,"A number of samples had been assessed and were shown to include charred grain and chaff, but still required full analysis.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
36052,"Many of the cereal remains were too poorly preserved for close identification, but included grains and chaff clearly showed the most abundant crops to be barley and spelt wheat, together with traces of oat and rye. There were also small numbers of charred remains of common weeds of arable fields. Quantified.",abundant,,,abundant,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
36053,The palaeobotanical samples contained moderate amounts of well-preserved carbonised plant remains. Samples produced a mixture of spelt and bread wheat. Hulled barley and rye were also probably locally grown. The weeds indicate cultivation of heavy day soils rather than light acidic soils. Quantified data given in the assessment.,moderate,,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,400
36054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36055,"One sample taken, producing 1 barley grain, 1 wheat grain, 2 hazelnut frags and some waterlogged weed seeds.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
36056,"A kiln (a clay-lined pit) was interpreted as being related to malting. However, although many samples taken, the results not detailed. Charred grain and charcoal said to be present.",,,,,,,,,,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
36057,"Four samples were analysed and quantified, producing wheat, oats and barley grain, spelt chaff, one bread wheat glume and arable weed seeds.",moderate,,minor,moderate,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
36058,"Charred plant remains included a grains of spelt, barley and oats, plus some arable weed seed. Assemblage quantified, but small.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
36059,"45 bulk samples taken. The charred remains of cultivated food plants and weed seeds were scarce, but included spelt wheat, oat, barley and rye. From the insect remains, the abundance of Oxystoma spp. is indicative of the presence of Vicia (tare), and it is possible that this represents deliberate cultivation (Vicia sativa seeds have been described from a number of Roman sites in conjunction with the remains of summer cereals, and have previously been interpreted as part of a structured crop rotation system, with the tare possibly used as a fodder plant. Some stagnant water was present on site, covered by duckweed. In combination with the evidence for livestock and possible fodder cropping this may suggest a watering-hole type environment.",minor,,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
36060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36061,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36062,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36063,"Six samples producing charred material. Carbonised cereal grain was identified as spelt wheat from one trench, and a small amount of cereal chaff and arable weeds from the same deposit provided tentative evidence for processing of agricultural produce, perhaps the final stages of drying and then cooking. Oats was recorded in slightly larger quantities than wheat. All the samples were quantified, though only one is probably statistically viable.",minor,,,,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,175
36064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36065,"Small quantities of spelt/bread wheat, oat and barley grain was recovered from samples taken from the graves.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
36066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36067,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36068,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36069,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36070,"Charcoal recovered from samples, but no cereal remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36071,"Three samples were analysed for plant remains, and these were quantified in the report, though the sample sizes were very small. The roundhouse gully fills contained charred remains, including wheat and barley grains, chaff, hazel nut and sloe fragments, all of which reflect the waste of domestic food stuffs. The chaff, although in low quantities, may be the result of cereal processing.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
36072,"23 samples were taken, 3 of which were considered as worthy of further analysis. The assemblage indicated crop processing debris with mostly weed seeds being recovered. Spelt wheat, barley and oats were identified.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,400
36073,"Three contexts sampled, though none produced grain, and one produced 10 spelt glume bases, perhaps indicative of processing, though no weed seeds were recovered.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
36074,"Assemblages quantified, but small sample sizes. Few cereal grains were recovered. Wheat and hulled 6-row barley grains were present. Spelt wheat chaff fragments and associated weed seeds were more prevalent. The weed assemblage was dominated by caryopses of Seiglingia decumbens, the heath grass, a species of acidic and sandy soils perhaps suggesting that that material was being brought from further afield - the soils in the immediate vicinity being rather heavy clays. The generally small size of these remains could well indicate the remains were from winnowing or fine-sieving stages in crop processing.",minor,,minor,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
36075,Most of the contexts also contained small numbers of poorly charred cereal grain. Quantified but very small numbers.,minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
36076,"The cereals were poorly represented, but samples included grains of bread/club wheat, barley and oats, and chaff of spelt.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
36077,"Fifty-four environmental samples produced a very well preserved assemblage of carbonised plant material, consisting of cereal grain, wood charcoal and weed seeds. Carbonised cereal grain was minimal but included spelt wheat and barley, plus some chaff. A small amount of oat was also present. Weed seeds were scarce, but indicated cereal grown on grassy agricultural fields. Hazel nutshells present. Assemblages quantified (too small for statistical analysis).",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
36078,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36079,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36080,Samples taken but no identified cereal remains found.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36081,Samples taken but yet well dated.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36082,Samples taken but further analysis required. Data from corndrier still to be fully quantified (OSA).,minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,450
36083,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36084,"A total of 31 samples were collected, with evidence for six-row hulled barley grains, wheat grains (wheat identified as spelt and bread wheat, but the latter was thought to be a contaminant so excluded), spelt wheat chaff, 1 possible glume base of emmer wheat, barley rachis fragments and hazelnut fragments. The overall density of remains was low and all samples dominated by weed seeds. Barley dominated the grain & spelt dominated the chaff. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,80
36085,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36086,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36087,"Well-preserved cereals (spelt and barley) were noted as being observed close to the Roman ?shrine during a site visit,",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
36088,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36089,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36090,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36091,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36092,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36093,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36094,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36095,"A large sub-rectangular pit produced a large quantities of burnt grain and appeared to be the south western end of a small enclosure found on the masonry building site - no specialist analysis carried out. However, sixteen environmental samples were taken from the evaluation trenches over the LIA/ER enclosure to the north, some of which produced distinct concentrations of carbonised cereal grain and weed seeds located predominantly in pit and ditch features. For example, pit (4016) produced a cereal-rich flot, consisting of abundant grain, some cereal chaff, and evidence for the use of peat or heathy turves for fuel. This deposit is most likely a deliberate dump of cereal processing waste from corn drying or other farming activity, perhaps after the cleaning out of a corn-drier. The sample contained preserved specimens of both bread wheat and spelt wheat, together with a number of spelt wheat glume bases and cereal stems, indicative of cereal processing occurring at the site. Field weeds such as corn marigold and black bindweed probably arrived accidentally with the cereal harvest, and are indicative of agricultural land. No other cereal taxa were recovered - assemblage quantified.",moderate,,moderate,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
36096,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36097,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36098,"Small amounts of cereal grain were present in some of the deposits, though this may be intrusive or was deliberately dumped with levelling material. Occasional weeds recorded from two of the samples were all wetland or grassland types and probably arrived with peat or heathy turves cut for fuel. The basal fill of the kiln contained charred grains of bread wheat and barley, and it may be that the kiln was temporarily used to dry cereals.",,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,225
36099,Sample were analysed but no useful data from cereal exploitation was found.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
36100,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37001,"A number of wood samples were retrieved from the field ditch fills, three of which gave LIA/ER dates. Charcoal derived from alder, hazel, hawthorn/apple, and willow/poplar. Variable growth rates were found, and some of the fast examples may have derived from coppiced/managed woodland. Tool marks were seen on the roundwood. Pollen was common in the deposits, with a possible rye sample being present. The pollen suggests a grassland environment with areas of hedges and patches of woodland. Dung beetles (Aphodius sp., Sphaeridium bipastulatum, and Platystethus arenarius) were identified in all four insect assemblages, indicating the use of the fields for grazing/pasture.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37002,"A large number of samples were taken for environmental, phosphate and radiocarbon analysis. Plant assemblage quantified. The corndrier produced a number of cereal-rich samples, whilst further plant assemblages derived from ditch deposits. Cereals were well represented by grains, coleoptiles, and chaff fragments. 90% of the assemblage belonged to wheat with smaller quantities of barley, oats and rye. Much of the wheat could not be identified to species due to poor preservation, though over half of the remainder derived from spelt, with smaller (and roughly equal) quantities of emmer and free-threshing wheat. Germinated wheat grains were found in the corndrier in quantities to suggest that malting was being carried out. Vetch/pea and hazelnut remains were also recovered in small quantities. Other wild plant remains were generally of arable weed seeds. Some evidence for hazel coppicing was found in the preserved charcoal remains, though not in other species, of which a few were present (see report for details).",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
37003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37004,Grain pests suggest the storage of arable products at the site.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37006,"Quantities of charcoal were found in the kilns, mostly from young-aged brushwood and twigs from birch, buckthorn, maple, and oak.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,110,170
37007,"Quantities of charcoal were found in the kilns, mostly from young-aged brushwood and twigs from birch tree.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,110,170
37008,"Quantities of charcoal were found in the kilns, mostly from young-aged brushwood and twigs from birch, oak and elm.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,110,340
37009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37012,"18 samples were taken, 9 of which contained carbonised remains. Assemblage quantified but the quantity of cereal remains are very low. Preservation was poor. Barley, bread and spelt grains were identified. 1 spelt chaff fragment and some weed seeds also present.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
37013,"29 samples were examined from the LIA and Roman phases of occupation. Very little was recovered from the LIA phase and these remains may have been from the use of chaff for fuel (spelt, barley and oat). Early Roman material was also poorly represented (spelt), but the late Roman sample was comparatively well preserved, including greater quantities of material (spelt, barley and oat, and weed seeds). Good samples also came from the 'kiln' in this phase. Large-scale processing is interpreted from the late Roman assemblage. Assemblage quantified and statistically viable.",abundant,,,minor,,,,,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,350
37014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37016,Too few plant remains were recovered from samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37017,"Some charred seeds recovered, but no cereal remains.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37018,"The environmental samples produced very few carbonised plant remains whilst modern material was often present in abundance. Trace specimens of burnt peat, indeterminate wood charcoal and a hazel nutshell provided tentative evidence for the use of heath and woodland resources for fuel and possibly also food.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37019,"One pit sample produced cereal grain in significant quantity, whereas others were limited (quantified). No chaff was recovered from any deposit and weed seeds were few in number. Those that were identified tended to be of a size similar to or larger than cereal grains. The material recovered and identified from the pit fill was wheat only. Barley and rye were recovered from other features.",abundant,,,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
37020,"Very few cereal remains were recovered from samples, but some did include barley grain.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
37021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37023,"Relative abundance of grain, chaff, and seeds recorded. The majority of the grain and chaff was recorded from the two hearth features. The best samples were quantified. High proportion of emmer wheat.",moderate,abundant,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
37024,"Samples quantified by grain, chaff, and seeds, but sample sizes were small. No taxa identification given.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37025,"A number of samples were analysed, but very little carbonised cereals were recovered. Also, the samples were not fully dated at this stage of the assessment.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37026,"The samples were entirely comprised of charcoal and contains no charred cereal or weed seeds, or any other ecofacts, despite the state of preservation being generally good.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37027,"Ten environmental samples, from features associated with the prehistoric/Romano-British field system. The samples yielded very little charred evidence, however, and cereal remains were only preserved in three samples. These comprised single glume bases of spelt wheat from two ditches, and single grains of barley and free-threshing wheat.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
37028,samples taken but no evidence for cereals.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37029,Samples produced a single barley grain and a weed seed.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,225
37030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37032,"Five of the samples from Romano-British features were rich in charred plant remains, including a ditch, a pit, and a hearth/oven. The high numbers of cereal remains included grains of hulled wheat, emmer or spelt, and barley, glume bases and spikelet forks of spelt and probably emmer, along with culm nodes. The weed seed assemblages included awns of oats, and seeds of oat/brome grass, bedstraw, goosefoot, vetch/wild pea, sedge, spike-rush, runch, speedwell, docks and black bindweed. There was also a seed from hearth/oven 807 in Trench 8 that showed a resemblance to that of juniper. The charred plant remain assemblages recovered from the Romano-British features are typical of those of settlement waste and activities. The weed seeds are generally those of species which can be found in arable environments and field margins. The presence of species typical of sandier soils, such as runch and those more indicative of wetter soils such as sedge and spike-rush make suggest the exploitation of a variety of local environments. Assemblages were only quantified in relative frequencies.",abundant,moderate,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
37033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37034,"Cereal remains were numerous in some samples, but the grains were often too fragmented to be identified: a few were of barley. All identifiable chaff was of emmer wheat. Caryopses of brome were rather frequent, probably harvested together with the cereals; stinking chamomile was also present in one sample. In addition, there was a seed of pea or vetch.",,moderate,,minor,,minor,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
37035,Deposits of charred barley grain are associated with a late Iron Age structure. A single oat grain also recovered.,,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
37036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37038,"Out of six samples only one produced remains with any interpretive value, including grains of wheat and oats, some chaff, hazelnut shell and brome grass",minor,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
37039,"A relatively large quantity of plant remains derived from a 2ndC AD pit at Frenchgate (Site DG). This material included 2 kernels of hazelnut, 1400 apple seeds probably representing 150-300 apples, 23 plum seeds, 2 sloe or plum seeds, 1 elderberry seed, 1 wheat grain, and 4 grape seeds. The specialist suggests that such as quantity of apple seeds may possibly represent cider production. Coal was found to have been imported from the coal measures.",minor,,,,,,abundant,,,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,100,200
37040,"The carbonised botanical assemblage was particularly significant in the variety of votive food offerings it contained. Some would have been expensive and, in cases, very rare in Roman Britain. Food plants were well represented, with fragments or entire fruits of fig, grape and date found. Other imported and valuable foods included walnut, stone pine and lentils, whilst apple, hazelnut and cereals were also recorded. The number and variety of exotic food types of Mediterranean and Eastern provenance present are strongly indicative of a sophisticated consumer community with strong affiliation to the military garrison. Some individuals especially are considered to have had significant wealth and status. This assemblage is of particular note as it bears strong resemblance to Roman cremation cemeteries in France, Belgium and Italy. 74 samples were processed, of which 44 had retained carbonised botanical material, and these were fully quantified in the report.",minor,,minor,minor,minor,minor,abundant,,,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,70,150
37041,"A number of samples dated to the Roman period, but remains were generally few. All the samples were quantified in the report.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,300
37042,No specialist reports,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37046,"Despite the excellent survival at the site, only one plant macrofossil was retained: a hazelnut.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37047,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
37048,"A large number of well-dated samples were recovered from the site. Bread wheat appears to have been the most common cultivated cereal present. The weed flora recovered consisted of well preserved carbonised macrofossils that could be divided into 6 habitat groups based upon Stace (1997). Weed seeds of non-sandy arable and sandy arable land were recovered, together with grassy meadow/pasture species. Expansion of agriculture onto marginal land to meet the food requirements of an increased population may explain the increase in non-sandy arable and grassland weeds. Similarly a pastoral expansion and the need for larger amounts of fodder would also result in areas previously considered marginal being brought into cultivation. Bread wheat would thrive on fertilised sandy arable soil, whilst oat and rye are hardier crops and more suited to marginal areas. Assemblage quantified - see archive data.",,,moderate,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,70,300
37049,No botanical remains - acidic soils.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38003,"Environmental samples were taken, though no cereal remains or other significant taxa were identified at the assessment stage.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38004,"The assemblage is quantified, but generally contains small (though numerous) samples. Some are statistically viable however. Identified cereals included spelt, bread wheat and barley. Evidence for storage was located to the south however (see site summary).",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
38005,"9 environmental samples were analysed, though no cereal remains were recovered. The samples included charcoal and small amounts of burnt animal bone.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38006,"An upper ditch fill was sampled and found to contain brome seeds, wheat grain, oat grain, and a single pea seed.",minor,,,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
38007,"One ditch context was sampled and produced only weed seeds. Assemblage quantified, but radiocarbon dating suggest the material may be residual.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
38008,"Only mid-late Iron Age samples were taken from the D-shaped enclosure part of the settlement. Small numbers of wheat sp. and barley were identified from the cereal grain, which dominated over the chaff. The weed assemblage suggested that the deposits were rather mixed. Assemblage quantified - 7 samples.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38009,"The pit alignments produced emmer, bread/spelt wheat, oats, and barley, broad bean and two seeds of grape. The field boundaries produced small quantities of degraded wheat and oat grain and chaff, and weed seeds. Enclosures A-C produced very few plant remains including bread/spelt, emmer, oats, barley, and a grape seed, and their lack may reflect the pastoral nature of the group. Most of the enclosure material was associated with the corndrier, the only material quantified in the report, and included emmer and spelt/bread wheat (some certainly spelt), barley and oats. Chaff was very poorly represented. No germinating grains were identified. All the weed seeds were of a size large enough not to be filtered out of final sieving.",moderate,minor,,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,-100,300
38010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38011,38011,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38012,"16 samples were analysed for plant remains from 5 structures. 2 samples w ere exceptionally rich in plant remains and all were fully quantified. Spelt glumes overwhelmingly dominated, though bread wheat and barley were relatively well represented, and oats slightly less so. Seeds were generally of arable weeds or from damp ground, with some from disturbed/marginal ground. A good discussion is given in the report. Waterlogged conditions in the well allowed for good plant survival. However, food plants were rare, especially in comparison to the charred material from elsewhere. Some species with medicinal value were recovered, but their use by the villa inhabitants is ambiguous.",abundant,,moderate,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
38013,"Two samples were analysed and quantified from the corndrier and the oven. Grains of oat, barley, free-threshing wheat, and spelt were present along with some chaff. Flax and hazelnut were also present, with a range of seeds.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,400
38014,"160 of 251 collected samples were quantified in the report, covering each occupation phase. The samples contained often abundant and well-preserved remains of carbonised grain, chaff, weed seeds, charcoal and burnt peat (fuel). LIA deposits indicated primarily barley cultivation, with lesser quantities of wheat sp. The early Roman phase saw the presence of spelt and oat on the site for the first time. Two corndriers produced substantial quantities of wheat grain, as well as evidence for the cultivation of barley and oats. The later Roman phase saw continued levels of intensive cereal production, suggested by both the quantities of grain and chaff in the assemblages. Processing and cooking deposits formed key activities. Spelt cultivation may have seen surplus production for export, whilst grassland weed seeds were abundant in this phase, perhaps indicating the cultivation of marginal arable fields for oats and the production of straw. Hulled barley and oat were relatively abundant in this phase, with a comparable reduction in spelt wheat noted. Land molluscs suggest a large open arable landscape existed in the late Iron Age and early Roman period.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,410
38015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38016,"Only a late Iron Age pit produced a suitable sample for environmental analysis. This produced a large quantity of barley grain, plus some oat grains. Cabbage/mustard seeds were also relatively common, and may have been deliberately exploited or even cultivated (black mustard was suggested for the identification). A single cherry seed was present, plus some hazelnut and charcoal fragments. Otherwise, seeds were uncommon. The assemblage likely represented fully processed remains.",,,,abundant,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
38017,Only samples from a medieval oven were recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38022,"The primary fills of the kiln/dryer included a relatively large quantity of charred grain. This included spelt and barley, plus some oat and hazelnut. Nipplewort and other wild species were present. Data presented as relative frequencies only.",abundant,,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
38023,"The 4thC AD corndrier included abundant cereal remains, predominantly spelt chaff, plus grains of spelt, emmer and barley. Some identified weed seeds present also. Assemblage quantified.",abundant,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,300,400
38024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38025,Charred plant remains were very poorly represented. Only one grain of barley was identified. Chaff and weed seeds were absent.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
38026,"Charred plant remains noted as present, but no data given.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38027,"Occasional charred grains, mostly indeterminate, were recovered from nine deposits.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
38028,"Only a single charred weed seed and two charred cereal grains were noted, with wood charcoal fragments present in eight of the samples. No taxa were identified.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
38029,Only charcoal was recovered from environmental samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38030,Only charcoal recovered from samples,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38031,"Iron Age samples produced a few grains of spelt, barley and oat, plus some chaff and weed seeds. Not fully quantified.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
38032,None of the environmental samples contained remains suitable for detailed analysis.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38035,A few grains recovered - undated.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38036,"Only one sample produced cereal remains in quantity, though overall the assemblage including remains of spelt, emmer, naked wheat, barley and oats. Poor preservation. Charred weed seeds also recovered. No quantification.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
38037,"Plant remains were gleaned from samples dating to the AD140-180 phase from the vicus settlement, with a concentration of material coming from the granary. Weed seeds indicated that a range of environments were being exploited. Hay/straw, cultivated oat, rye, flax, opium poppy, plum, bullace, grape, walnut, and fig, all found in waterlogged samples. Waterlogged and charred samples both quantified.",abundant,,moderate,minor,minor,,minor,minor,minor,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,140,180
38038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38040,"Carbonized plant remains recovered from two samples from fill of ovens. They included spelt wheat glume bases, suggested as the result of crop processing.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,350
38041,"A single sample from a roundhouse gully contained charred wheat grains, indicated as spelt here, though uncertain.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
38042,Charred cereal remains of wheat came from a late Iron Age posthole. Marked as spelt here but uncertain.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,80
38043,"Samples from the well include modest quantities of plant remains including some charred grain and chaff, heather and bracken, along with a coriander seed. Overall the plant material was dominated by scrub or young woodland taxa.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,275,350
38044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38047,Four grain-rich samples out of a total of 13 provided evidence for cereal processing on site (samples quantified in report). Large quantities of emmer were recovered. Remains of barley rachis without evidence for weed seeds in one context showed that ears of barley were being parched and stored. Spelt was present in low numbers along with even less oats and one rachis segment from club wheat.,minor,abundant,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
38048,"Very small quantities of charred material came from the ring gullies and enclosure ditch (quantified), likely reflecting small amounts of mixed debris.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
38049,"75% of the cereal derived from wheat, both spelt and emmer. Smaller quantities of bread wheat, barley and oat were present, and 14% came from a mixed weed assemblage. The higher proportion of chaff suggested to the specialist that the site was an agricultural producer (assemblage quantified).",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
38050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
38052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39002,"A total of 39 bulk samples taken from the main settlement phases, with much of the charred plant material dominated by cereal grains and chaff, mostly hearth and crop processing debris. Spelt wheat and 6-row hulled barley were the main arable crops and there is little evidence for any changes in crop husbandry practice over the course of the settlement. Wheat and barley grains were present in roughly equal proportions, though spelt chaff was considerably more numerous. The weed flora suggests cultivation on nutrient enriched soils, with some use of damp heavy soils. Grassland and damp meadow environment indicated.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
39003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39004,Spelt wheat and barley were noted as inclusions in the manufacture of the briquetage.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,150
39005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39006,"A total of 85 samples taken from various features across all phases of the settlement. Spelt wheat and six-row hulled barley present in all phases equally, and emmer wheat was present only in very small quantities, along with oats.",abundant,minor,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
39007,"Samples for charred plant remains recovered from gully fills of late Iron Age/early Roman roundhouses and contexts associated with a late Roman rectangular building. There appears to have been little difference between the two, except greater emphasis on hulled barley in the later Roman period, along the presence of Bread wheat. Cultivated pea found. It is suggested that the late Roman rectangular building was used to store barley prior to it being burnt down. Evidence for spelt processing.",abundant,,minor,abundant,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
39008,A total of 11 samples taken from ditches of pits with hulled barley and spelt wheat present in roughly equal amounts. Significant quantity of cereal chaff indicating processing.,moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
39009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39010,Spelt and barley recovered. No further details as yet.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
39011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39012,"Charred plant remains collected from 177 contexts, with cereal remains from many samples (overall 31% grain and 45% chaff). Spelt wheat chaff dominated in all phases except Iron Age, where mostly barley and unidentified wheat (only one sample analysed). Also evidence for free-threshing wheat, hulled barley, rye, cultivated oats, emmer, flax and Celtic bean. Weed seeds are not especially abundant but suggest cultivation of heavier clay soils. Most of the cereal remains represent crop processing debris and use of chaff as kindling. Abundant grass pollen indicates an open habitat.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,minor,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,425
39013,Charred plant remains recovered from the samples were restricted to a few cereal grains and small fragments of unidentifiable charcoal. A spelt glume base and hazelnut shell recorded from the northern excavation.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
39014,"Identifiable plant macrofossils were few and restricted to occasional charred remains of cereal grains (barley and emmer/spelt wheat) and crop weeds. Traces of cereal chaff (glume bases and rachis segments) of barley, emmer/spelt wheat and naked wheat were found, hinting at crop processing activities.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,50
39015,"Fifteen bulk samples were taken during the fieldwork, which produced small amounts of generally well preserved cereal grain and weed seeds. Cereals included six row hulled barley and oats. A barley internode also found.",,,,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
39016,"Fairly well preserved grain assemblages were recovered from the fills of a corndrier, from which four cereal taxa were identified as barley, emmer/spelt wheat, naked/bread wheat and oat. Amongst the identifiable components of the assemblages, grains and chaff clearly showed the most abundant crop plants to be barley and emmer/spelt wheat.",moderate,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
39017,"A total of 84 bulk samples were taken from pit, ditch, gully, posthole and stakehole fills. The charred plant macrofossil assemblages indicate that barley and spelt wheat (chaff & grain) were the main crops used at the site. Also charred hazel nutshells. Charcoal was common or abundant in many of the pit fills.",moderate,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
39018,"A palaeoenvironmental assessment was carried out on 60 bulk samples, taken from a variety of Romano?British features, mainly ditches and gullies. The few cereal grains identified consisted of barley and wheat; there was an absence of chaff.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,350
39019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39021,"Six samples were taken from the Time Team excavations at Binchester. Two samples contained a few charred plant remains - a few grains of spelt and barley, along with oat.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
39022,Barley and indeterminate wheat grains recovered in low quantity.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
39023,Small quantities of wheat grains recovered.,minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
39024,"No data from 2005 Watching Brief. The 2006 excavation produced some waterlogged plant remains, though no crops.  Beetle grain pests were a noteworthy find, with the granary weevil being particularly prevalent.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
39025,"A total of 87 soil samples taken with some yielding carbonised seeds and chaff of wheat, barley, and also grass and weed seeds. Also a single fragment of hazelnut shell.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
39026,"The bulk of the 22 samples collected from Harehill Moor produced no more than a few charred weed seeds and a little charcoal, although one produced limited charred grain and chaff (wheat & barley) along with a hazelnut shell fragment.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
39027,"Sixteen soil samples taken from stratified deposits within the ditch, but very little charred plant material - indeterminate cereal and oat.",,,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39028,The environmental samples produced no evidence of cereal cultivation or processing.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
39029,"Six samples from 2001 produced limited charred hulled barley grains and unidentifiable charred cereal grain. Two soil samples from 2008 produced very small quantities of unidentified charcoal and a few other charred plant remains (including occasional cereal grains (naked/bread wheat, barley & oat) and fragments of hazelnut shell).",,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,250
39030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39031,"Five samples contained charred plant remains, including barley and emmer/spelt. Some wheat glume bases indicate small scale processing. Also evidence for hazel nuts. The evidence suggests open ground around the late Iron Age settlement.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,90
39032,Samples from the cairn contained burnt heather.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
39033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39036,"Three samples produced evidence for charred plant remains (from enclosure ditch, earlier linear gully and roundhouse gully). Wheat and barley grains were represented. Also glume bases of spelt wheat and possibly emmer wheat.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
39037,"Charred plant remains include wheat and barley grains, hazel nut fragments, and wild plant remains including Brome grass, which is an arable weed commonly associated with spelt wheat.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
39038,,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39041,"Samples revealed plant macrofossils, with spelt wheat identified.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,70
39042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
39043,"Samples in 1st C AD contexts contained evidence for barley, spelt wheat, oats and bread wheat. No indications of relative proportions.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
39044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40006,Pollen analysis indicated an open scrub woodland in vicinity at the time the earth bank enclosure of constructed.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,150
40007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40013,Limited quantities of charred plant remains. Spelt wheat chaff identified along with hulled barley and wheat grains. Also hazelnuts.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
40014,No charred cereal remains from late Iron Age contexts.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40015,"Cereal grain, chaff and weed seeds present in many of the samples (higher proportions of chaff and weeds to grain): oat, barley and wheat grains. Spelt chaff identified. Hulled 6-row barley and spelt are dominant, in approximately equal proportions. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,,abundant,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
40016,"Carbonised cereal grains recovered from a number of deposits (including the corndrier), mostly spelt/emmer wheat, with some barley and oat. Small amounts of chaff also present.",moderate,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,110
40017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40019,"A total of 12 samples from pre-Roman contexts, some rich in plant remains. Three cereal crops found: barley the most abundant, and also emmer wheat then spelt wheat. Also hazel nut.",minor,moderate,,abundant,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
40020,Samples from a pit and the enclosure ditch terminal contained waterlogged and charred plant remains. The only cereal remains encountered comprised 6-row barley. Abundant remains of dung beetles attests to animals within the enclosure. Wild plant remains indicate an open environment.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
40021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40027,"Twenty-four bulk samples of deposits produced a variety of plant remains in small quantities, mostly cereal grains (with some chaff), including oat, barley and wheat (emmer chaff noted). Also hazel nut shell. A weevil was also preserved in the enclosure ditch.",,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
40028,"A total of 46 bulk samples produced some evidence for charred plant remains, including spelt wheat, emmer wheat, barley and oat. Grains and chaff noted. Also evidence for hazel nut. All plant remains from late Iron Age complex settlement.",minor,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
40029,Charred barley grains came from the cremation burial within the roundhouse.,,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,120
40030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40036,"Eight contexts of the enclosures ditches sampled for environmental evidence and all produced grain, the most dominant (and only one mentioned in report) being six-row barley. One grain radiocarbon dated to mid 2nd C AD. Chaff also found indicating processing. Further barley (of same date) identified from a pit on a terrace, 1.5km to the west.",,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,125,175
40037,Hulled barley and wheat found in association with the Roman enclosure.,minor,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,250
40038,Pollen evidence suggests cultivation continued on Wether Hill until the early Saxon period.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
40039,Evidence for possible rye cultivation. No further details.,,,,,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
40040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
40042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41002,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41004,"Pollen evidence suggests a cleared landscape with cultivation of crops. Assessment only, but wheat seeds were present (spelt assumed here) as macrofossils, as well as oats, poppy and flax. Evidence from work in the 1980s, all 2nd century,  included a high proportion of cereal crop seeds, with barley and oats predominating and with moderate abundance, with minor presence of rye and wheat, probably spelt. A single pulse was unidentified to species. Hazelnut shell also present.",minor,,,moderate,,minor,,minor,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,70,400
41005,"No data from most recent evaluation but evidence from earlier excavations suggests primary processing of grain, though species not provided.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41009,"Pollen evidence suggested areas of cleared land, though there was more evidence in general for a pastoral regime. Waterlogged seeds included wild radish, but no cereal remains were identified.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,122
41010,"No data from the first watching brief, though the second produced abundant charcoal and some charred cereals. These included oat, spelt wheat, hulled barley, all in low numbers. Some chaff present indicating some processing.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,250
41011,No plant data though pollen evidence indicated an increase in grassland over time.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
41012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41013,"Barley, spelt and oats recovered from a pit which produced a Bronze Age C14 date, but some possible contamination. All species also present elsewhere on site, but none abundant.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
41014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41019,"A single grain of barley and a range of species including weeds of cultivated ground, waste ground and pasture were present in a sample, perhaps indicating mixed farming.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,90,180
41020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41030,"A sample from the enclosure ditch produced a concentration of charred cereal remains, particularly chaff, suggesting cereal processing waste, though the presence in the upper fills of the ditch meant that it was considered unlikely by the specialist to be associated with the working life of the enclosure. The species present included wheat, barley, a high concentration of free-threshing wheat spikelet forks, and glume bases, probably from spelt.",moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,400
41031,"The cremation burial with two vessels included fragments of charred hazelnut shell along with carbonised grape pips, recovered from one of the cremation vessels. The grapes were presumed to have been imported. Also minor presence of barley.",,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
41032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41041,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41043,"Data was recovered from the University of Newcastle work at the site. During the 2011 work cereal grains were found in four of 33 contexts sampled, though only 6 grains and no chaff. These included a single bread wheat grain and two barley grains. Fragments of charred hazelnut also recovered. During the 2012 work cereal grains were found in 62 of the of the 179 contexts, though cereals occurred in low quantities. Species included oat (wild or cultivated unclear), barley, spelt wheat and bread wheat. A single fragment of possible emmer glume base.",minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
41044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41046,"No plant data, reflecting the early date of the excavations in 1966-67.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41047,No report,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41048,Little data from samples - single examples of pea and oats.,,,,,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,325
41049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
41050,"Wheat (unspecified), barley, oats present.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,200,350
42001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42002,Pollen evidence from one of the ditches suggested an open pastoral environment. Two grains of cereal pollen identified (no further data).,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,150
42003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42009,"Limited assemblage containing only a single imprecisely identified charred cereal grain, possibly wheat.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,200
42010,"Samples contained an important collection of charcoal, seeds, wheat (mostly unidentified but spelt and possibly free threshing wheat both represented by 1 grain) and barley grains in contexts relating to the main RB structure and rubbish pits. Barley predominant.",minor,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
42011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42018,The environmental report concludes 'It can be tentatively suggested that in pre-Roman Iron Age times the higher grounds surrounding the Castle Steads site could have carried open woodland alternating with areas of grassland capable of supporting pastoral farming activity. There is also modest evidence for arable activity in the area. The possible presence of a moist alderwood growing in the adjacent Irwell valley bottom at the same time is not inconsistent with the palynological data obtained from two samples.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
42019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42020,"Cereal grains including hulled and unhulled barley, wheat, including possible spelt/emmer, oats and indeterminate grains recorded from most samples, and included samples from the eaves drip gully of the roundhouse. Relatively little evidence of cereal processing waste. Blackberry, elderberry, wild cherry/sloe and hazel nut shell also recovered.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,27,379
42021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42023,"Barley recovered from a possible Romano-British pit, but it was not closely dated.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42024,Environmental assessment indicated the presence of emmer and several weed species.,,minor,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
42025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42026,Environmental samples included a low number of charred plant macrofossils including low numbers of wheat (species uncertain but spelt assumed here) and barley. Also charcoal.,minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,77,200
42027,"Two samples produced limited plant macrofossil remains. One produced no plant remains whilst the other produced a charred hazelnut fragment and three cereal remains, none of which were identified to species.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,77,250
42028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42030,"Cereal chaff and weed/other seeds are rare overall, suggesting fully processed grain being brought into the extramural settlement. Spelt wheat grains identified from Roman contexts, chaff almost absent. Oats and barley also present.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
42031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42032,"A well inserted into the defences contained the sweepings of manure from a stable and the horse manure contained rich plant remain evidence including evidence for cereals. These included barley (23 grains) oat (five grains), rye (three grains) and wheat (one grain, species unspecified). Glume bases also found and tentatively identified as spelt. Other cultivated plants identified in the manure included celery, coriander (though possibly modern), fig and fruit stone fragments. Also brassica of uncertain species.",minor,,,abundant,minor,,minor,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,125,350
42033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42037,"Three samples taken with few plant macrofossils present. Charred seeds included a bedstraw seed, oat grains, wheat (unspecified), barley and indeterminate cereals.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,200
42038,"No samples taken from the vicus area, though samples were taken from within the fort itself.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42040,"Charred plant remains were limited to wood charcoal usually with small to modest-sized concentrations of remains of cereals, both grain and chaff. Plant species included barley, spelt wheat and hazelnut shell.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,80,200
42041,"No detailed report but wheat (unspecified, spelt assumed here), oats and barley were recovered.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,250
42042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
42045,"Although plant data is phased in the report, all RB phases fall within period late 1st to 2nd century, so no separate phasing data has been included here. Coriander, dill, fig, opium poppy, grape, cherry also present. Some of these possibly imported. Fully processed grain generally present, little evidence for processing. Much wheat not identified to particular wheat type. Pulses included Celtic beans, and field bean or pea. Also hazelnut, strawberry, blackberry, apple/pear, sloe, elderberry. The profile of the non-structural wood was thought to represent evidence for formal woodland management.",minor,minor,minor,abundant,,minor,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,72,200
42046,"The plant remains are quantified in the report. Moderate mounts of hulled and naked barley, oats, small amounts of bread wheat, emmer and spelt, also small numbers of pea, legumes, hazelnut, brassica. One example of possible rye. Pollen suggests a landscape of mixed vegetation but predominantly grass or cultivated land.",minor,minor,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
43001,"Five samples examined for plant remains, one from a carbonised deposit from fill of the south range, the other four being waterlogged deposits from the late Roman infilling of the well. Emmer and oat were the only cereals found.",,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
43002,"Samples from the mid Roman corndrier indicates dominance of free-threshing wheat, then 6-row hulled barley and oats. Very little chaff evidence.",,,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,275
43003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43006,"About 200 samples taken for charred plant remains, with barley and wheat noted in small quantities.",minor,,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,40,350
43007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43009,"The 29 samples produced only traces of poorly preserved cereals including an emmer/spelt glume base, rachis fragment and spikelet fork. Also hazel nut shell.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,325
43010,"A total of 8 samples underwent detailed analysis. Limited evidence for oats, barley and emmer & spelt from late Iron Age features, while spelt, barley, lentils/peas, emmer and bread wheat noted from mid Roman contexts, including field ditches and two corndriers. The wheat grains from one drying oven suggested rakings from a bread oven. Quantified assemblage. Molluscan assemblage indicates open grassland, with nearby scrub, perhaps hedges.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,250
43011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43012,"Samples from the ditch sections included cereal grains of spelt wheat, bread wheat, barley and domesticated oats along with spelt glume bases, and barley rachis nodes . Relative proportions unknown.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,350
43013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43015,"Samples indicated a salt marsh environment, with other plant remains indicating environments away from the channel, including heather and grassland plants. Also very limited evidence for emmer and spelt wheat, barley and oats. Quantified assemblage.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,280,325
43016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43017,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43018,"A midden sample  contained small quantities of charred remains of economic plants, including cereal chaff and arable weed seeds. The environmental evidence suggests that a salt-creek and a grassland/pastureland environment predominated, with periodic flooding events, including tidal influences.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
43019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43029,"Charred plant remains from the T-shaped corndrier. The identified cereal crops mainly comprise spelt wheat, though there is also evidence for emmer wheat and possible bread wheat, along with hulled barley and oats. The sample from the flue contained a high proportion of grain to chaff and probably represents the crop being dried prior to storage. The other sample from the void included much chaff and is probably fuel. There is limited evidence from one sample (over 15% germinated grain) for sporadic episodes of roasting grains for malting.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,350
43030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43032,"Four samples from the site contained charred remains, one particularly rich and dominated by cereals - emmer and spelt wheat, barley, oat (wild and cultivated), and possibly rye. It is suggested as waste material.  The assemblage is unusual in having a higher proportion of identified emmer than spelt. The chaff in the samples indicates on-site processing.",minor,moderate,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,300
43033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43035,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43040,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43041,"Samples from both the late Iron Age structure and the Roman corndryer. Iron Age samples (from floor surface) mostly comprised wheat grains (mainly bread wheat then spelt/emmer) and emmer and spelt glume bases. Also barley grains and rachis fragments. The Roman corndryer samples (2nd-3rd/4th C AD) produced a larger quantity of cereal remains, the majority of which were bread wheat grains along with emmer/spelt, barley and oat grains. Cereal chaff included bread wheat rachis fragments.Tthe majority of the wheat is of a free-threshing variety and therefore the grain would not need to be parched to help with separation from the chaff before milling - this suggests that it was part of a main crop which was being dried before storage or consumption.",minor,minor,moderate,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,325
43042,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43043,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43044,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43045,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43046,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43047,"Bulk samples were processed from four features in the vicus, consisting of a small quantity of charred cereal grains and four hazelnut shell fragments. The predominant cereal was hulled barley, while one possibly Spelt wheat grain was noted. The predomience of barley with a minor spelt component is typical of many sites in Wales.",minor,,,moderate,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,150
43048,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43049,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43050,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43051,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43052,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43053,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43054,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43055,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43056,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43057,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43058,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43059,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43060,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43061,"Two samples were taken during the course of the evaluation, producing a very small quantity of charred seeds and glumes.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
43062,"The cereals recovered from a Roman ditch contained a small number of possible spelt grains, oat, barley and bread wheat.",minor,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,360
43063,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43064,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43065,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
43066,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44002,No data from LIA-Roman contexts,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44004,"Extensive sampling for charred plant remains, with cereal remains dominating, mostly chaff. Wheat was by far the most important cereal, with hulled barley also present (the occasional grain or internode). The wheat is mostly spelt, with a little emmer. Also very slight evidence for bread wheat and cultivated oat. All could be contaminants in the spelt crop. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,150
44005,"Extensive sampling for charred remains, dominated by cereals, especially spelt wheat (mostly glume bases, internodes and forks with some grain), with very limited emmer wheat, bread wheat, barley and oats. No noticeable change in proportions over time, except larger quantities of cereal remains in later contexts. Quantified assemblage",abundant,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
44006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44009,"Samples dominated wheat, mainly spelt wheat, but with some bread wheat confirmed by chaff remains. Also 6-row barley and oat and a hazelnut fragment. Grain dominated in all the samples. In one sample spelt and barley were almost equal, suggesting they were grown as a mixed crop. Nothing to suggest any changes in crops grown between the late 1st and mid 4th C AD. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,,minor,moderate,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
44010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44011,"Waterlogged plant remains comprised rushes, sedges and other marshland plants reflecting its located on the edge of the peat bog. There were also a few glume bases from spelt wheat, probably reflecting cultivation a little distance from the industrial site.",minor,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,140
44012,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44014,"Waterlogged and charred plant remains recovered from the site, mainly from lower ditch fills and presumed to be later Iron Age-early Roman in date. The minimal charred cereals included wheat (not able to be specified further), a small amount of oat and one rye grain, the latter probably weeds in a wheat crop. Pollen evidence indicates wide open grassland but with some scrub and woodland in the vicinity.",minor,,,,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
44015,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44016,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44017,"Charred plant remains from Iron Age and Roman contexts (not differentiated in report but noted that no changes over time) produced cereal remains with a dominance of spelt wheat along with some emmer and hulled barley. The assemblage largely represents waste from crop processing, mainly glume bases. Also charred heather remains. Pollen evidence indicated a grassland environment, with some scrub.",moderate,minor,,minor,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,400
44018,"Samples were taken from a range of Iron Age-Roman contexts, and some charred plant remains were present. The most dominant cereal present was spelt/emmer wheat, mainly represented by glume bases. Some definite spelt and emmer noted (spelt more dominant). Also some bread wheat, along with hulled barley and oat. Pollen evidence indicates a largely open area, with limited woodland/scrub. Quantified assemblage.",abundant,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,100
44019,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44022,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44030,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
44031,"Thirty four samples were assessed from this site and eight were found to contain reasonable quantities of charred plant remains. Clear evidence for arable agriculture was observed in six samples, although the grain preservation was not good and the cereals were low in number. Hulled barley, possible rye and possible bread-type wheat were noted, but these all appear to be from likely medieval contexts. Thirteen samples produced hazelnut shell.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,100
44032,"Charred plant remains found in an early Roman pit, along with charred animal remains.  These included moderate quantities of cereal grain, cereal chaff and small weed seed assemblages. The provisional cereal identifications are wheat (including probable spelt), barley and oat/grass while the chaff is predominantly that of a glume wheat species, with some barley rachis and tiny fragments of awns characteristic of oats.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,200
44033,"A total of 68 samples were assessed and these were found to contain good evidence for cereal cultivation, but much of this could be redeposited material. Oats and barley were the main cereals being grown, along with very limited hulled wheats (emmer or spelt wheat), and bread-type wheat. A couple of possible peas were found.",minor,,minor,moderate,,minor,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,100
44034,"Samples from the late Roman ditches contained small quantities of charcoal, including charred emmer/spelt wheat, wheat, barley and oat grains.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,250,400
45001,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45002,"Plant remains from the corn-drying kiln indicated the presence of cereal, chaff and weed seeds including wheat (some spelt, emmer and bread wheat but spelt predominant), barley, rye, oats and possible broad bean - thought largely to be crop processing waste used as fuel as there was a large quantity of chaff. A small quantity of sprouted grain, but not enough to suggest malting, and the function of the corn drier is suggested as being for drying clean grain prior to storage, no malting not entirely ruled out. Pits and ditches produced broadly similar assemblages to the corn drier. A possible fragment of coriander also present.",abundant,minor,minor,moderate,minor,minor,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,175,325
45003,"Plant remains recovered in low concentrations. Cereal grain and chaff predominated. Wheat most common cereal, mostly spelt. No firm evidence of emmer, but this a possibility. Bread wheat probably present, as well as barley and oat (wild or cultivated). Also fragments of hazelnut. In general chaff, notably glume bases, was frequent in the samples and probably represents the by-product from crop processing used as fuel.",moderate,,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,150,400
45004,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45005,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45006,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45011,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45012,No finds report,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45015,No finds yet analysed from the excavations.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45016,Sloe stones and hazel nuts recovered. No cereal remains recovered.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,87,250
45017,"Wheat present, most of which not identified to species. Though small quantities of both emmer and spelt identified as well as barley and oats. Chaff (glume bases and spikelet forks) predominant though some grains present. Thought probably to represent crop processing waste. Uncharred seeds of elderberry possibly represent collection of fruit. Sparse results from 2002-3 work, though sloe stones present.",minor,minor,,minor,,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,30,150
45018,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45019,"Plant remains frequent in two of seven samples, thought to represent waste from crop processing - chaff frequent, grains occasional. Wheat was best represented with spelt wheat predominant, but bread wheat also present. Hulled barley, rye and oat (either wild or cultivated) also present. Hazelnut and sloe also present.",moderate,,minor,minor,minor,,minor,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,250
45020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45021,"Data quantified in the report microfiche. Iron Age samples included emmer and spelt with emmer chaff predominant, though possibly mid-to-late Iron Age and not included in data below. As well as cereal remains mid-to-late Iron Age plants included small numbers of barley and oat, hazelnut, prune, blackberry and raspberry. Romano-British samples included one with large quantities of bread wheat, smaller quantities of oats and rye - possible contaminants of main crop. Also flax, minor emmer, abundant oats and minor rye. The high frequency of grains suggested final stages of crop cleaning.",,minor,abundant,,minor,,,minor,abundant,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
45022,No plant data despite sampling.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45023,"13 samples examined for plant remains from waterlogged deposits filling a well (c. AD 70-150). Carbonised grain, chaff and weed seeds and waterlogged seeds recovered. Carbonised remains primarily grain, chaff and a few weed seeds, with wheat being predominant. Spelt most abundant, though emmer also present. Most thought to represent crop processing waste. Small amounts of grain and chaff of barley and oats and one grain of rye present. Fruits included  sloe and blackberry/raspberry and elderberry. Also coriander and stone pine representing exotic imports.",abundant,minor,,minor,minor,,minor,,minor,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,70,150
45024,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45030,"Samples taken from the ditch fills of the two overlapping enclosures. Evidence for minor emmer (glume bases), spelt (glume bases and grain), oats, and indeterminate cereals. Very low numbers - quantification in the report.",minor,minor,,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,300
45031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45032,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
45033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46001,"Pollen and macrofossil remains provided evidence for the environment at the site. Cereal pollen and grains were less common. Iron Age material was sparse, but Roman remains were more common. Wheat glume bases were present in both carbonised and waterlogged assemblages. Processing and cultivation of emmer and spelt wheat was identified. Barley, oats and bread wheat were present in smaller quantities.",moderate,moderate,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,400
46002,"Pollen data indicated an open, de-forested landscape, with some arable cereal. Ten samples of predominantly burnt material were examined from the hearths in Houses A and B, occupation surfaces in House A and the eaves-drip gulley and external drain of House B. The hearth in House B produced very few cereal remains. All other contexts produced both cereals and chaff in small quantities and varying proportions. Emmer and spelt wheat are represented in both Iron Age and Romano-British phases as are oats, although possibly as a weedy contaminant of wheat crops. Barley is represented in the Romano-British period by one grain and rye by one rachis. Not quantified, but possibly available from the specialist.",moderate,moderate,,minor,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,350
46003,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46004,"Material generally poorly preserved. 80 samples taken; none quantified in report. Oat, wheat and barley identified, plus some arable seeds.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
46005,"Samples from the Roman ovens included very low quantities of cereal remains, but included grains wheat, barley and oats. Some weed seeds also present.",minor,,,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,80
46006,"Small quantities of cereal were recovered from the site (no specialist report; results integrated with main report; no data). Remains were mostly from roundhouse features associated with general household activity. Grain, chaff and seeds all recovered. Plus hazelnut.",minor,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,300
46007,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46008,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46009,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46010,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46011,"The well produced a range of plant material, most notably a mass of bracken which may have served as animal bedding (cut in autumn as it would otherwise be poisonous). Only two and a half grains of wheat represented the cereal component, but their appears to have been a lack of sieved samples. However, a number of other preserved food plants were present including dill and coriander (imported?), hazelnut, elderberry, blackberry, and raspberry. The sample taken was large and quantified.",minor,,,,,,moderate,,,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,75,200
46012,"Environmental remains recovered, but the specialist report is not yet available.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46013,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46014,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46015,"Analyses of cereals, charcoal, phosphorous and pollen were all undertaken. The cereal assemblage was not quantified in the report but publications of the work exist elsewhere (Hillman 1981, 1982 and 1984). An extensive write-up of the remains is given in the report however, with spelt dominating in all phases, the common recovery of barley grain and rachis, plus remains of emmer, rye, and oats. The remains of charred weed seeds were recovered with chaff in deposits and were predominantly reflective of wetland and perennial species. The latter surviving in ard-ploughed fields.",abundant,minor,,moderate,minor,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,50,350
46016,Pollen samples taken but no cereal remains were retrieved.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46017,"Four samples were taken mostly representative of a mixture of different stages of crop processing. Taxa present included spelt, bread wheat and hulled barley. The occurrence of perennial weeds is more suggestive of ard ploughing. The assemblage was quantified.",moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-100,200
46018,Five samples were quantified with two hearth samples providing variation in their composition of chaff to grain ratios.,moderate,minor,minor,minor,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,75,350
46019,"Samples from five contexts were analysed and fully quantified in the site report. The features sampled were exclusively 1st-2ndC AD. Barley dominated one context in terms of grain, otherwise wheat chaff tended to be more common overall. Oats were relatively common but classified as a 'weed', though barley and oats may have been sewn together as a maslin. Interpretation of the assemblage suggested that processing was undertaken locally. Some barley and oat grains were found to have germinated. The arable nature of the site contrasted with the settlement at Bryn Eryr, which was suggested to have been predominantly pastoral.",moderate,minor,minor,abundant,,,,,moderate,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,1,200
46020,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46021,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46022,"Three of the samples from the fill of the flue of the corn-drier produced quantities of charred cereal remains and wood charcoal. Preservation was poor; 56% of the cereal remains could not be identified to genus or species level. Chaff was probably significantly under-represented due to the poor preservation. A few arable weed seeds were present. 6 cereal species were represented, probably indicating multiple usages of the corn-drier. Spelt wheat was most common, with emmer wheat also present, plus a relatively large numbers of oat grains. Barley only occurred in small numbers, alongside traces of rye and naked wheat. The relative scarcity of glume bases to glume wheat grains could imply dehusking of the glumed wheats before charring, but the proportions could also be explained by differential preservation of the fragile chaff. However, this cannot account for the scarcity of weed seeds, so the cereals were probably cleaned of weed seeds and debris before processing in the drier. A small number of grains were found to have sprouted, possibly indicative of malting on occasion. Radiocarbon dating placed the use of the corndrier to c.AD120-250. The corndrier samples were quantified in the report. Samples relating to the use of the ovens produced few or no seeds.",abundant,minor,minor,minor,minor,,,,moderate,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,120,250
46023,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46024,"Plant remains recovered, other than charcoal, were glume bases of spelt, raspberry seeds and sedge nutlets. Not quantified.",minor,,,minor,,,minor,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-50,110
46025,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46026,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46027,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46028,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46029,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46030,Pollen analysis carried out - see report.,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46031,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46032,"Large quantities of charcoal plus other burnt matter were found in one the huts. These included oak, willow and hazel, plus hazelnut shells. No cereals were reported.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,100,200
46033,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46034,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46035,"Burnt grain was found in a pot from the early period (2ndC AD) settlement. Most of the grain was spelt, but a few specimens may have been club wheat. One spikelet was from emmer. Numerous carbonised weed seeds, including oat was identified, but no non-gramineous seeds. Some straw was present.",moderate,minor,minor,,,,,,minor,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,140,200
46036,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46037,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46038,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46039,No data,,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,
46040,"Charcoal was plentiful from the site, predominantly of oak and pine, but other species also present. The oak samples were from mature, fast-growing trees.",,,,,,,,,,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,,