Somerford Keynes Neigh Bridge Illustrated Small Finds

Dig illust Object No CTX Phase Simple name Function Material Catalogue entry Typology sort Brooch Name Typology spot date
5.3.5a 321 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Involute brooch. Acutely arched circular-sectioned bow; expanding at one end to broken hinge plate; catchplate end arches over and back before wrapping around bow with expanded oval plate over return plate for pin. Surfaces corroded. Length 29mm., depth 32mm.   Involute Involute brooches such as this are an Iron Age form in use during the 2nd and 1st century BC and probably in existence by the end of the 3rd century BC (Harding 1974, 188-9). They had a variety of hinge mechanisms (see Hattatt 1985, 16-7) but the precise C2 - C1 BC
5.3.5b 536 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Rounded rectangular-sectioned bow; spring of four turns with chord passing below bow; pin missing; rocker arm on upper bow; broken catchplate with lower part of bow missing. Length 51mm. Hull 11 Nauheim derivative This is likely to be related to the D-sectioned form which has lateral notched decoration on the bow - see Olivier 1988, 37 nos. 8-9. Olivier notes the form is limited to an arc from Dorset to Norfolk. See 148 here - ?? Local type mid C1
5.3.5b 984 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim derivative. Circular-sectioned wire brooch; spring of 4 turns with chord passing below bow; flat catch-plate damaged and tip of foot missing. Surfaces obscured by iron pan. Length 42mm. Hull 11 Nauheim derivative This belongs to the simple wire form - see Olivier 1988, 37 nos. 10-12 mid C1
5.3.5b 149 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative/La Tene. Oval-sectioned bow retaining one turn of spring; central waisting with two transverse ribs on centre of bow. Broken, possibly triangular catch plate. Now twisted out of shape. Length 38mm. Hull 11 Nauheim derivative The lack of the spring and the fact that the catchplate is missing makes it impossible to distinguish whether this was a La Tene III brooch or a Nauheim Derivative. Transverse mouldings on the latter are rare but are known. For discussion see Oliver 198 mid C1 or earlier
5.3.5b 5007 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Spring of two turns on each side with chord passing below rectangualr-sectioned tapering bow with group of 6 transverse grooves centrally; small triangular catchplate and complete pin. Hull 11 Nauheim derivative Strip Bows are the standard Nauheim Derivative form - see Olivier 1988, 36 nos. 2-6 mid to late C1
5.3.5c 151 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Broken spring retaining two turns on one side , one on other; rectangular-sectioned tapering broken bow; front of bow a line of paired squared punch marks down front. Present length 25mm. Hull 10D Nauheim derivative Strip Bows are the standard Nauheim Derivative form - see Olivier 1988, 36 nos. 2-6; but this one might be part of the form which constricts behind the catchplate - Hull form 10D see no. 142. mid to late C1
5.3.5c 165 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Strip section retaining distorted spring of two turns on each side with chord passing below bow; bow constricted to narrow strip in front of damaged catchplate; front of bow decorated with squared puchmarks forming channel on each side. Length 43mm. Hull 10D Nauheim derivative See Hattatt 1987, 22 no. 739. A localised form with this lying to west of distribution mid C1
5.3.5c 154 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Circular-sectioned upper bow with part of spring of two turns on one side; bow flattened to oval shield below and then tapering to broken narrow catchplate. Present length 49mm. Hull 10 Nauheim derivative This is an unusual variant of a Nauheim Derivative - see Hattatt 1987, 22 nos 742-3 mid C1
5.3.5c 142 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Strip section retaining half of spring of two turns with chord passing below bow; bow constricted to narrow strip in front of damaged catchplate; rows of square punch marks down front. Length 52mm. Hull 10D Nauheim derivative See Hattatt 1987, 22 no. 739. A localised form with this lying to west of distribution mid C1
5.3.5c 5042 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Nauheim Derivative. Strip section retaining spring of two turns with chord passing below bow; pin complete; bow constricted to narrow strip in front of small traingular catchplate; channel bordering each edge each formed by rows of square punch marks. Complete but broken into two fragments at spring. Length 51mm. Hull 10D Nauheim derivative See Hattatt 1987, 22 no. 739. A localised form with this lying to west of distribution mid C1
5.3.5d 5028 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Strip bow. Rectangular strip bow bent under at head to form hinge; massive spurred pin; groove parallel to each long edge and two grooves across base, edges of lower bow and foot edges nicked; stump of broken catchplate on one side with scar also on the other side. Hull 12 + Strip bow For strip bow brooches see Hattatt 1985, 68. This is a most unusual large and crude example. early to mid C1
5.3.5d 5023 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Strip Bow. Bow curved round behind head to form hinge cover, hinged pin with spur; bow tapering to narrow triangular catchplate. Front of bow has row of rocker arm ornament down each edge and three transverse grooves at height of top of catchplate. Length 44 Hull 12 + Strip bow See Hattatt 1985, 68 early to mid C1
5.3.5e 686 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Langton Down. Head obscured, scraps of possible cylindrical spring casing, spring of 3 turns on one side and two on other with chord over top and pin broken; straight rectangular sectioned bow with reeded front; remnants of perforated catchplate. Length 40mm. Hull 21 Langton Down Hattatt 1985, 35 mid C1
5.3.5e 719 133 1 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Closed cylindrical spring cover with seam centrally on back and open ends retaining upper part of pin; spring cover has two grooves along top and three parallel to ends; rectangular-sectioned reeded bow with curved junction with spring cover marked by rib; reeding consist of three triple ribbed units separated by two channels, central rib in each unit transversely nicked; edges chipped but deliberate circular perforation close to one; triangular catchplate with triangular perforation. Length 61mm Hull 21 Langton Down Hattatt 1985, 35 mid C1
5.3.5e 153 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY One-piece bow brooch. Oval-sectioned bow sharply angled above ridged button, vestigial wings with stumps of retaining hook and spring behind. Lower bow D-sectioned, tapering and broken; catchplate missing. Length 44mm., section of button 4.5mm. Hull 19 One piece Riha (1979) Type 2.6. First half of 1st century AD, middle Rhine type First half C1
5.3.5e 68 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Langton Down. Closed cylindrical spring cover with seam centrally on back and open ends; upper part of rectangular sectioned reeded bow with curved junction with spring cover. Present length 22mm; width of spring cover 18mm Hull 21 Langton Down Hattatt 1985, 35 mid C1
5.3.5f 303 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Colchester. One piece brooch with oval-sectioned tapering bow; short spring cover with grooves towards ends; spring of five turns, forward facing hook retaining external chord; broken pin; trapezoidal catchplate damaged at one corner and with 3 T-shaped perforations arranged in a triangle. Length 51mm, width of spring 14mm, upper bow section 4.5x4mm. Hull 90 Colchester Hattatt 1989, 24 early to mid C1
5.3.5g 1140 166 1 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Aesica. Triangular footplate with large ring and dot and two small bosses above close to junction with upper bow. Obscured by corrosion but traces of white metal coating visible. Length 20mm. Hull 37 Aesica See Hattatt 1987, 54. mid to late C1
5.3.5g 1112 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Aesica. Lower part of upper bow with paired ridges down centre and lugs at base; fantail with catchplate behind. Surfaces obscured by iron pan. Present length 29mm. Hull 37 Aesica A Claudio-Neronian type. For discussion see Hattatt 1987, 54; 1989, 38. when complete this example would have been very similar to Hattatt 1989, fig. 169 nos. 1437, 293, 1478 Mid C1
5.3.5g 58 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Aesica; two part form. Upper bow retaining spring casing and majority of curved bow with one side knob and complete central rivet. Now in two joining fragments. Present length 18mm. Hull 37 Aesica A Claudio-Neronian type. See Hattatt 1987, 54 mid C1
5.3.5g 97 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Aesica. Triangular footplate with complete catchplate behind; front decorated by 3 ring and dots. Present length 17mm. Hull 37 Aesica A Claudio-Neronian type. For discussion see Hattatt 1987, 54; 1989, 38. Mid C1
5.3.5h 217 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Aucissa. Hinge cover rolled under head, hinge with double knobbed terminals, spurred bent pin; head has perforation at either end and field between divided by three ribs, areas between by triangular units of grooving; bow has wide central raised band with narrow flange on each side, flanges each have vertical rib, raised block has vertical row of punched dots with sides transversely grooved; tapering foot divided from bow by three transverse grooves; footknob with cordon; small triangular catchplate. Edges chipped and the whole probably bent out of shape. Present length 72mm, hinge pin 30mm. Hull 51 Aucissa See Hattatt 1987, 68 mid C1
5.3.5h 158 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Aucissa. Shallow D-sectioned arched bow with chipped flange on either side; separate foot-knob soldered on with ridge on upper part; broken catch-plate. Length 47mm. Hull 51 Aucissa Hattatt 1989, 50 Mid C1
5.3.5i 83 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover and upper part of bow missing. Upper bow central vertical rib transversely nicked; two transverse ribs with concavity between below; tapering lower bow with transverse rib and footknob; broken catchplate. Present length 29mm. Hull 60 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56. mid C1
5.3.5i 1086 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge and pin missing. Short rectangular upper bow with deep transverse channel top and bottom and four vertical ribs; central lug on one side; narrow lower bow with prominent transverse mouldings broken catchplate. Present length 32mm. Hull 62 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 57 - this example would have been similar to Hattatt 1985, 58 no. 316 mid C1
5.3.5i 5039 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover rolled forward. Upper bow has 3 vertical ribs; transverse rib centrally; lower bow triangular tapering plate with small foot knob; remains of catchplate. The surface much corroded and obscured Length 54mm, width of wings 18mm. Hull 60 Hod Hill Hattatt 1985, 56. mid C1
5.3.5i 161 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover bent forward and retaining upper part of spurred pin; upper bow has at least three vertical ribs, edges broken; two transverse ribs below; triangular tapering lower bow with remanants of knob and catchplate. White metal coating below hinge cover and on lower bow. Bent double Length c. 67mm., width 16mm. Hull 60 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56.. The damage to the edges means side lugs cannot be entirely ruled out. mid C1
5.3.5i 219 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Surfaces obscured by iron pan, cylindrical hinge cover retaining upper end of pin; two transverse cordons; broken square upper bow with six vertical ribs; side lugs at base, complete example has rib separating it from bow; tapering lower bow with seven transverse ribs and footknob; trapezoidal catchplate. Length 62mm, width spring cover 15mm Hull 61 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56 mid C1
5.3.5i 150 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover missing; plain neck above square upper bow with two vertical ribs; side lugs at base; two transverse ribs separated by concavity; tapering lower bow with transverse rib and tiny footknob; broken catchplate. Surfaces heavily corroded. Length 32mm. Hull 62 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56 mid C1
5.3.5i 5013 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover bent forward. Upper bow has transversely grooved central rib with deep channel on either side; transverse rib below; small footknob and triangular catchplate. Front coated with white metal. Length 34mm., width 12.5mm. Hull 60 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56. mid C1
5.3.5i 59 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover rolled forward with waisted area below; transverse rib with upper bow expanding out possibly as triangular plate with three vertical channels with two ribs between centrally leaving side as distinct triangular element with white metal coating; part of upper bow and all of lower bow missing. Present length 21mm., hinge cover width 20mm. Hull 60 + Hod Hill This clearly belongs to the Hod Hill family (in general see Hattatt 1985, 56). The fragmentary nature makes the precise identification difficult but some examples of Hull 61 with basal lugs have the upper plate exapnding out (cf Hattatt 1987 77 no. 848), mid C1
5.3.5j 76 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover and part of upper bow missing. Upper bow has raised zig-zag rib; tapering lower bow with pair of transverse ribs above and below rectangular unit with concave face; small footknob broken catch plate. Present length 36mm. Hull 60 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56. mid C1
5.3.5j 587 34 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover bent forward, one side missing; upper bow has central wide vertical block and rib on either side, central block has curved line of dots and traces of white metal coating; central button with rib on either side and cordon below; shallow triangular-sectioned lower bow transversly nicked with traces of white metal coating; footknob; trapezoidal catchplate with circular perforation. Length 45mm. Hull 60 Hod Hill see Hattatt 1985, 56. mid C1
5.3.5j 881 400 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover rolled over to front retaining upper part of spurred pin; shallow D-sectioned tapering bow with three transverse cross mouldings on head and similar set on lower bow by catchplate; footknob and cordon; triangular catchplate. Length 44mm, width of hinge cover 15mm. Hull 71 Hod Hill For definition see Crummy 1983, 10. for Hod Hills in general see Hattatt 1985, 56. This falls within Riha (1979) Typ 5.6 mid C1
5.3.5j 793 177 1 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill. Hinge cover rolled forward, pin missing; flat strip bow tapering very slightly to foot, prominent vertical, transversely nicked rib; rib extends beyond rest of bow to provide tang onto which a separate footknob would have been sweated; triangular catchplate with small circular perforation. Present length 56mm, hinge width 17mm. Hull 70 Hod Hill For the type see Hattatt 1985, 62 no. 329. mid C1
5.3.5j 80 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Hod Hill variant. Cylindrical spring cover closed at back with slot for pin; D-sectioned upper bow with two transverse ribs. Present length 21mm. Hull 79 Hod Hill This fragment seems most likely to be a member of the Hod Hill family but the possibility exists it could be from a disc and fantail. mid to late C1
5.3.5k 178 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Disc with raised rim and central recessed single cell and small central perforation. Double lug for hinged pin retaining traces of corroded iron and broken catch plate on underside. Diameter 22mm., thickness 1mm   Plate The circular perforation suggests this may belong to the 1st century tradition cf Hattatt 1989, fig. 201. C1
5.3.5k 197 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Early disc brooch. Fragmentary central plate with central dot and two circular channels with rib between channels diagonally nicked; parts of two circular lugs opposite each other and traces of other edges suggesting originally four circular lugs separated by four points. Extant lugs have reserved circular area originally covered by bone domes, rest of lug and areas bordering central circular cell coated with white metal and retains traces of punched decoration. Broken catch plate below one lug and double lugged hinge for pin below other. Present dimensions 38 x 19mm.   Plate A mid first century continental type (Riha 1979, Type 7.8) with a distribution centring on Gaul - see also Hattatt 1985, 138 no. 514. mid C1
5.3.5k 5036 0 0 Brooch Personal Copper alloy Penannular brooch. Circular-sectioned hoop with terminals bent back on hoop and each terminal has three notches. Now bent out of shape. Present diameter 28 x 52mm, section 3mm. Fowler D5 Penannular Fowler (1960) Type D5 - this notched sort is known in a pre-Flavian context at Usk (Manning et al 1995, 94 no. 76, fig. 28) Roman
5.3.5l 49 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Colchester Derivative. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with 2 grooves at extant outer end, other cover broken; double perforated lug behind head with top forming crest; spring of 3 turns on one side with broken pin and chord passing through upper perforation, other side broken; D-sectioned tapering bow with 2 vertical ribs with grooves across ribs and on side flange; lower bow and catchplate missing. Present length 26mm. Hull 93 Colchester Derivative See Hattatt 1987, 88. mid to late C1
5.3.5l 5117 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Colchester Derivative. Semi-cylindrical spring covers groove parallel to each end; double perforated lug behind with chord of spring through upper perforation, spring of c. 5 turns on each side; narrow D-sectioned bow with central rib on upper two-thirds of bow and two transverse grooves; small triangular catchplate. Length 49mm., width of spring cover 23mm Hull 93 Colchester Derivative See Hattatt 1987, 88. mid to late C1
5.3.5l 60 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Colchester Derivative. Short plain cylindrical spring cover; double perforated lug behind arched head; spring and pin missing; short rib as crest on head, separated from lug by notch; oval-sectioned tapering bow; triangular catchplate. Length 57mm, width of spring cover 23mm Hull 93 Colchester Derivative The arched head is reminiscent of the Dolphin but the short spring covers probably place this more with the Colchester Derivative - the junction between the two is somewhat porous - see Hattatt 1987, 88-92. mid C1 - into C2
5.3.5l 585 402 1/2 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Colchester Derivative. Semi-cylindrical plain spring cover with groove at outer ends; double perforated lug behind head; spring of 4 turns on either side with broken pin and chord passing through upper perforation; D-sectioned tapering bow with groove across base; triangular catchplate. Spring now in two fragments. Length 48mm., width of spring cover 21mm Hull 93 Colchester Derivative See Hattatt 1987, 88. mid to late C1
5.3.5l 81 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Colchester Derivative. Curved spring covers with groove at either end; double perforated lug behind head and forming crest on top; spring and pin missing; crest continues as central rib with channel on either side; lower bow and catchplate missing. Present length 18mm., width of spring covers 21mm. Hull 92 Colchester Derivative see Hattatt 1987, 88 mid to late C1
5.3.5m 5012 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Tubular hinge cover with closed ends, single groove on front face of each wing at end; complete pin with spur; D-sectioned bow tapering to foot with central transversely nicked rib'; trapezoidal catchplate with triangular perforation. Length 64mm., wing width 30mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 mid C1 into C2
5.3.5m 5005 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Wings with two grooves at either end; double perforated lug behind head to take spring chord and central bar; spring of 4 turns on each side; pin missing; D-section bow with double groove forming small footknob.; triangular catch plate. Length 41mm, width 18mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 mid C1 into C2
5.3.5m 315 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Semi-cylindrical spring cover retaining one perforated terminal;spring and pin missing; oval-sectioned tapering bow with head arching over spring cover; backward facing hook to hold chord extending as small crest on head; catchplate broken. The whole much corroded and obscured. Length 47mm., width of spring cover 26mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 - spring attachments such as this were not very satisfactory and consequently had a short live. mid C1
5.3.5m 5006 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Wide spring cover with three vertical ribs separated by concavities on each wing; rearward facing hook and concavity on head; spring and pin missing. Square-sectioned tapering bow; with sharp rib on either side and two centrally; lower part of bow has slot for missing catchplate. Iron corrosion within catchplate slot but similar traces elsewhere on surface and the catchplate may have been of copper alloy. Length 50mm., width 40mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 - spring attachments such as this were very unsatisfactory and consequently had a short live. mid C1
5.3.5n 1173 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with open ends, two pairs of grooves on each wing; double perforated lug behind head with spring of seven turns on each side and chord passing through upper perforation; pin missing; head arching over spring cover with mouldings on either side extending as flanges on either side of the upper bow; lug extends as central diagonally grooved rib down centre of bow; side mouldings over lower part of bow to form flanges; broken at beginning of catchplate with part of lower bow and all of foot missing. Present length 33mm, width of spring cover 39mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 for the basic type of Colchester Derivative but this has clearly been influenced by the Polden Hill tradition in respect to the mouldings either side of the head and the outline is reminiscent of some examples of Hull 103 here see fo mid C1 into C2
5.3.5n 792 34 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Plain wing covers; double perforated lug behind head to take spring chord and central bar; spring of 5 turns on each side; bent but complete pin; D-section bow with extension of lug forming ridge on upper bow with scalloped flange on either side; pointed foot; triangular catch plate. Length 41mm, width 19mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 cf here no. 50 mid C1 into C2
5.3.5n 5018 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Wings with two ribs at either end; double perforated lug behind head to take spring chord and central bar; spring of 4 turns on each side; pin missing; D-section bow with flange on either side over upper part; triangular catch plate. In 2 pieces. Length 60mm, width 22mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92. mid C1 into C2
5.3.5n 163 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with groove close to both damaged terminals, double perforated lug behind head, upper perforation broken; spring of 4 turns on on one side now detached; broken pin; D-sectioned tapering bow; triangular catchplate. Length 34mm, width cylindrical spring cover 19mm. Hull 94 Dolphin Hattatt 1987, 92 mid C1 into C2
5.3.5n 317 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin. Plain wing covers; double perforated lug behind head to take spring chord and central bar; remains of spring of c. 4 turns on each side; pin missing; D-section bow with central diagonally nicked ridge extending towards foot; upper bow has remains of scalloped flange; single ribbed foot; triangular catch plate. Length 38mm, width 25mm. Hull 94 Dolphin See Hattatt 1987, 92 mid C1 into C2
5.3.5o 790 142 1 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with two grooves close to either perforated end and diagonal groove on either side; spring of 3 turns on either side with chord passing through lug on head; pin complete; D-sectioned tapering bow, notched crest on head extending from lug; triangular catchplate with triangular perforation. Length 73mm, width cylindrical spring cover 25mm. Hull 98 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in general. See especially p. 97 no. 896 - Severn valley type 2nd half C1
5.3.5o 159 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Dolphin or Polden Hill. Very highly corroded and obscured. Stumps of spring cover; humped head no traces of perforated lug behind; tapering D-sectioned bow; broken catchplate Hull 94 Dolphin   mid C1 into C2
5.3.5o 725 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Much corroded and obscured. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with closed, probably perforated end; traces of vertical ribbing on wings; double perforated lug on back of head; spring of c. 5 turns on each side with chord passing through upper perforation of lug; traces of moulding on either side of head at junction with wings; oval-sectioned tapering bow with traces of central rib over head; triangular catch-pate with triangular and trapeziodal perforation. Length 61mm, width of spring cover 29m. Hull 98 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in general mid C1 - into C2
5.3.5o 326 34 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring covers with perforated ends obscured by corrosion; spring and pin and missing; perforated lug on head continuing as rib on upper bow; D-sectioned tapering bow; triangular catchplate with triangular perforation. Length 57mm, width of spring cover 25mm Hull 98 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in general. 2nd half C1
5.3.5p 556 46 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with pair of grooves close to either perforated end, each wing has one diagonal groove; spring and pin missing; perforated lug on head for spring chord; D-sectioned tapering bow with groove parallel to each edge on upper bow with central rib transversley grooved; plain lower bow with small foot of three ribs; triangular catchplate with groove across top, middle and base of return plate and vertical groove down side. Length 70mm, width cylindrical spring cover 33mm. Hull 98 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 mid C1 into C2
5.3.5q 1176 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with perforated terminals; three groups of vertical grooves on each wing; double perforated lug on back of head; spring of c. 7 turns on each side with chord passing through upper perforation of lug; moulding on either side of head at junction with wings; lug continues as notched crest in head; D-sectioned tapering bow with deep channel at back; bow may have been decorated with mouldings but cooroded surface makes it difficult to ascertain the nature of these; lower bow and foot missing. Present length 371mm, width of spring cover 42m. Hull 98 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in genera mid C1 - into C2
5.3.5q 723 334 1 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Short semi-cylindrical spring covers with ridged perforated terminals; spring of 4 turns on either side of complete pin, chord retained by perforated lug on head; D-sectioned tapering bow with four vertical ribs; three transverse ribs at foot; triangular catchplate. Length 39mm, spring cover 15mm Hull 98 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in general. mid C1 into C2
5.3.5q 402 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with perforated terminals, groove on front face of ends of wings; chord of spring through perforated lug on head, fragment os spring on one side; D-sectioned tapering bow with five ribs arranged in triangle on upper head; small groove across foot; broken triangular catchplate with two perforations; lower bow bent out of shape. Length 56mm, spring cover width 20mm Hull 98 Polden Hill Hattatt 1987, 96 mid - late C1
5.3.5r 1146 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Short semi-cylindrical spring cover with damaged endgs; spring of c. 3 turns on either side of complete pin; perforated lug on head retaining spring chord and extending down upper bow as rib; mouldings at junction of head and spring cover extend down sides of upper bow as ribbed flange; upper bow rectangular-sectioned with narrower D-sectioned tapering lower bow with small ribbed foot obscured by corrosion; triangular catchplate. Present length 56mm, width of spring casing 20mm. Hull 103 Polden Hill A lower severn Valley type see Hattatt 1987, 102 later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5r 201 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with ridged perforated terminals and central vertical rib with concavities each side on both wings; perforated cast lug on head retaining chord of spring of approximately six turns on either side; D-sectioned tapering bow with lug extended as central rib over upper bow; side mouldings at junction of bow with head extend down side of upper bow as flanges; separate similar moulding flank lower bow; upper rib and flanges transversely nicked; very small projecting broken triangular catchplate with two perforation . Length 61mm., width of spring cover 33mm. Hull 103 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1985, 84 no. 382 - a SW variant - the widened bow not here so pronounced but the relationship with the more classic form seems clear later C1 - early C2
5.3.5r 834 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with perforated terminals; spring of three turns on either side; pin missing; perforated cast lug on head; side mouldings at junction of bow with head extending down side of upper bow as ribbed flanges, two ribs on upper bow in triangular pattern with third rib internally extending from lug; plain lower bow with small foot; back of much of bow hollow; triangular catchplate. Length 48mm., width of spring cover17mm. Hull 103 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1985, 84 no. 382 - a SW variant - the widened bow not here so pronounced but the relationship with the more classic form seems clear mid C1 into c2
5.3.5r 1138 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shaped. Cylindrical hinge/spring cover closed at outer ends and open at back centrally; spring axis bar passes throught this, spring of c. 6 turns on either side of pin occupies only central part where spring cover is semi-cylindrical, chord passes over front of hinge cover and behind bow; outer ends of hinge cover vertically ribbed; tapering hollow-backed bow with 7 vertical ribs over upper part and transverse mouldings centrally. Lower bow and foot missing; bow bent out of shape and flattened. Present length 42mm, width of hinge 46mm. Hull 103 Hull 104 Polden Hill This seems to be a very strange hybrid of the two forms - both of which are Lower Severn forms - Hattatt 1987, 102 later C1 - C2 ?
5.3.5r 1137 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Wide spring cover with perforated terminals and double moulding on each; cast lug for chord of (missing) spring on head with notched extension onto bow. Upper bow rectangular with notched flange on each end and two notched ridges meeting in a V-shape; bow tapering to narrow foot with step; triangular catch plate. Length 44mm., width 38mm. Hull 103 Polden Hill A predominantly South western variant - see Hattatt 1985, 84 no. 382 later C1 - early C2
5.3.5s 5001 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Short spring cover with perforated terminals and two vertical ribs on each wing; perforated cast lug on head retaining chord and three turns of spring on one side; D-sectioned bow tapering to foot knob with cordon above; top of bow has four triangular cells outlining a diamond, cells retain traces of decayed enamel; centr of bow has raised diamond cell also with decayed enamel traces; lower bow has two vertical grooves on either side and a transversely nicked central rib. Trapezoidal catchplate with transverse decoration on catchplate.. Length 42mm., width 16mm. Hull 100 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in general. Enamelled decoration is rare on polden hill brooches and the patterns on this are reminiscent on of the styles used on some of the lower Severn styles of T-shaped brooches - see Hattatt 1987, 102. later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5s 1178 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Wings with two ribs at end; no perforated ends to wings now present. Broken cast lug for chord of spring on head with noitched extenion onto onto bow; two ribs in triangle on either side of lug; flange on either side of D-sectioned bow on upper and lower parts; centre of bow cast without flange and has raised diamond-shaped block with framing ridge centrally; bow tapers to pointed foot; triangular catch plate. Length 65mm., width 24mm. Hull 100 Polden Hill this is a slight variant on the triangular moulded head variant that is common in the south-west - see Hattatt 1985, 84 no. 382. the moulded central block is typical of the t-shaped Hull Type 107 (Hattatt 1987, 102) - another South western type. mid C1 -early C2
5.3.5s 78 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with projecting double-ridged perforated terminals and paired diagonal grooves on each wings with central rib transversely nicked; remanants of spring and probably iron axis pin held in spring cover; ; D-sectioned upper bow with prominent perforated lug to hold spring chord on head; upper bow has central tapering prominent rib with shallower rib and grooves on either side, all with transverse nicks; central rib terminates at three punched ring and dots; central button of hemisherical D-section knob with rib above and below; top of D-sectioned lower bow plain; rest of bow ower bow, foot and catchplate missing; Present length 30mm, width of spring cover 30mm. Hull 100 Polden Hill see Hattatt 1987, 96 mid C1 - into C2
5.3.5s 1067 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Polden Hill. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with ridged perforated terminals and slighly angled ridges on wings, all ridges have central channel; D-sectioned upper bow arching over spring cover and terminating in backward facing hook to retain spring chord, the whole producing a prominent humped head with mouldings on either side; much corroded spring of c. 7 - 8 turns on either side; pin missing; paired central grooves over head and upper bow with piars of diagonal ridges an head and four pairs of diagonal grooves below; triple ribbed transverse moulding diagonally grooved on either side; traingular sectioned lower bow with pair of crosses and lentoid moulding on each side below; lower bow, foot and catchplate missing; ridge from catchplate runs up back of brooch to head. Present length 46mm, width of spring cover 44mm. Hull 100 Polden Hill See Hattatt 1987, 96 for type in general. The rearward hook and the dolphin like profile suggest this may be in early in the series as rearward facing hooks are a short-lived style mid to late C1
5.3.5t 5041 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shape with serrated edges Semi-cylindrical spring cover with ridged perforated ends; D-sectioned tapering bow with prominent perforated lug for spring chord on head; spring of four turns on one side and two on other; narrow flange down each side; very small knob on bow above seven V-shaped grooves on centre of bow, flange on either side of grooved area notched; projecting foot; triangular catchplate. Length 45mm, width of spring cover 15mm. Hull 144 T-shape with serrated edge See Hattatt 1987, 116 - the form is normally enamelled centrally but the spring fixing arrangement, tiny knob, footknob and serrated central flange are typical. The form is a lower Severn one later C1 into C2
5.3.5t 1174 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shaped. Closed cylindrical hinge cover retaining complete spurred pin; small circular cast headloop, infilled by corrosion products; D-sectioned bow with central diamond-shaped expansion with three cells for enamel (now empty) surrounded by a flat ground; upper bow retains traces of row of transverse knicks running down centre of bow; projecting footknob with rib above; trapezoidal catchplate. Length 52, width of hinge cover 18mm Hull 122 T-shape A lower Severn type see Hattatt 1987, 109 no. 918 C2
5.3.5t 791 400 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shape. Closed hinge cylinder retaining complete spurred pin, pair of vertical grooves at either end; shallow D-sectioned tapering bow with six vertical ribs over upper bow; lower bow plain with tiny double ribbed projecting foot. Triangular catchplate with circular perforation. Traces of white metal coating on front. Length 47mm, width of hinge cover 28mm. Hull 104 T-shape see Hattatt 1987, 102 - a south western type. The white metal coating and perforated catchplate would suggest an early date mid to late C1
5.3.5t 5022 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shape. One side of tubular hinge casing, other side and pin missing; hollow-backed slightly convex bow expanding slightly over head and then tapering to foot, central rib deeply notched to form crest on head and diagonally scored over rest of length; footknob with cordon and serrated edge; small broken trapezoidal catchplate. Length 41mm.   T-shape See Hattatt 1987, 100 later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5t 741 400 2/3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shaped brooch. Wings with closed, slightly ridged, perforated ends; cast lug on flat head for chord of spring of 5 and 4 turns; pin missing. Upper bow has flat rectangular panel with framing groove and two small rectangular cells retaining red enamel in one; 2 lentoid mouldings below; lower bow tapering to broken foot; small triangular catchplate. Length 39mm, width 20mm Hull 110 T-shape A south-western type - see Hattatt 1987, 102 later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5t 311 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shape with serrated edges. Surfaces much corroded and obscured. Semi-cylindrical spring cover with perforated ends; spring with chord retained by forward facing hook; narrow flange down each side; small knob on bow above rectangular cell with triangular cells for enamel either side of reserved diamond-shaped blocks; flange on either side of grooved area notched; projecting foot; trapezoidal broken catchplate. Length 37mm, width of spring cover 17mm. Hull 144 T-shape with serrated edge See Hattatt 1987, 116 - the form is a lower Severn one later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5t 5029 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shaped. Head area obscured by corrosion but there is a cast lug for the spring chord and possibly also for the spring bar; spring of 2-3 turns on either side; strip bow tapering to small footknob and traingualr catch plate. Upper bow has diagonally grooved rib with groove on either side and transverse groove below. Length 47mm.   T-shape / Polden Hill For T-shaped brooches in general see Hattatt 1985, 87; 1987, 100 late C1 - mid C2
5.3.5u 971 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Square-headed bow brooch. Rectangular plate with broken headloop, integral cast hinge cylinder; very shallow D-sectioned arched bow with three paired diagonally nicked transverse ribs on centre of bow; lower bow and foot missing. Present length 46mm, width of head 27mm. Hull 140 T-shape See Hattatt 1987, 110 no. 921A - south Lower Severn valley so this is a northern outlier later C1 - C2 ?
5.3.5u 1069 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY T-shaped. Narrow closed hinge cylinder; flat rectangular transversely grooved plate with headloop above sharply angled head; rectangular-sectioned straight bow with three vertical ribs centrally; lower bow and foot missing. Present length 43mm, hinge cylinder width 36mm. Hull 138 T-shape See Hattatt 1987, 110 no. 921 - a type Hull describes as 'the ugly south-western type' - distribution in south side of lower Severn - this is a northern outlier later C1 - C2 ?
5.3.5v 5037 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet. Large oval trumpet head with cast headloop with double rib at base and groove across top of trumpet head; broken spring casing at back; D-sectioned bow with central button of acanthus at front with three cordons above and below, channels mirroring button on back; lower bow and foot missing but top of catch plate present. Present length 59mm., width of trumpet head 30mm. Hull 158D Backworth Trumpet A localised type of trumpet brooch found in the Lower Severn area - See Hattatt 1987, 134 no. 959. (later C1) - mid C2
5.3.5v 322 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet brooch. Oval trumpet head with slight rib around edge and central lug behind holding spring of c. three turns on either side and separate loose wire headloop held by milled collar; pin extant; central button of fully round acanthus with triple rib above and below, central element of each vertically nicked to give milled appearance; triangular-sectioned lower bow with groove parallel to each side; triple ribbed footknob, central element nicked as on central button; lower base of footknob cupped with central button. Length 80mm. Hull 158A Backworth Trumpet A nationwide distribution - see Hattatt 1987, 134 no. 958. later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5v 164 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet. Large oval trumpet head with cast headloop with triple rib at base and worn centrally at top, top of head has slightl flange; double lugs for spring on back; spring obscured by iron corrosion and was probably made of iron wire; pin missing; D-sectioned bow with central button of acanthus at front with two cordons above and below, channel mirroring button on back; flat tapering lower bow with groove parallel to each side; double ribbed oval projecting foot knob; trapezoidal catchplate. Broken in two pieces across upper bow. Length 71mm., width of trumpet head 19mm Hull 158D Backworth Trumpet A localised type of trumpet brooch found in the Lower Severn area - See Hattatt 1987, 134 no. 959. (later C1) - mid C2
5.3.5w 47 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet Brooch. Head and upper bow missing, broken at central button; part of button remaining consists of two concave units above transverse diagonally nicked rib; tapering flat lower bow with groove parallel to each edge; circular flat-based footknob with concave sides; triangular catchplate. Present length 51mm. Hull 154 Chester Trumpet This does not have an acanthus button and may be related to the Chester type. ((Hattatt 1985, 109). later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5w 162 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet brooch. Small trumpet head with flange around and projecting solid 'headloop'; D-shaped cast lug on back of head for spring fixing. Waisted upper bow with two small lentoid mouldings above plain triple ribbed central button; similar mouldings below; small double ribbed foot; trapezoidal catch plate. Length 50mm. Hull 154 Chester Trumpet The chester type of trumpet brooch (Hattatt 1985, 109). later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5w 770 164 3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet brooch. Small trumpet head with flange on either side; D-shaped cast lug on back of head retaining spring of two turns and pin; loose wire headloop. Waisted upper bow with two lentoid mouldings meeting centrally above plain triple ribbed central button; similar mouldings below; small double ribbed footl trapezoidal catch plate. Length 59mm. Hull 154 Chester Trumpet The Chester variant (Hattatt 1985, 109) later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5w 1080 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Trumpet brooch. Small trumpet head with flange around sides; D-shaped cast lug on back of head with spring of one turn on both sides and complete pin. Two small lentoid mouldings above central button of hemisphere with rib above and below; similar mouldings below; projecting footknob and cordon; trapezoidal catch plate. Length 43mm, head width 10mm. Hull 154 Chester Trumpet The Chester variant (Hattatt 1985, 109) later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5x 593 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Keyhole. Broken circular upper bow with lug centrally at top, much corroded circular repousse plate rivetted centrally; expanded fan-shaped lower bow with vertical central recessed panel; double lug on back of head retaining upper part of hinged pin, broken catchplate on lower bow. Traces of white metal. Surfaces corroded and obscured. Length 31mm. Hull 238 Keyhole Hattatt 1985, 178 no 632 later C1
5.3.5y 969 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Wroxeter type. Flat plate at head;, cast head loop; perforated lugs behind head to hold spring of one turn on either side and upper part of pin; D-sectioned bow with central notched vertical rib on upper bow terminating in small knob; two pairs of transverse ribs on either side of upper bow; narrow tapering lower bow with 5 sharp ribs; fishtail footknob; triangular catchplate. Length 60mm, width of head 13mm. Hull 151 Wroxeter Wroxeter type - Hattatt 1987, 145 C2
5.3.5y 1143 163 3 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Wroxeter type. Flat plate at head; cast broken head loop with double ribbed plate below; perforated lugs behind head to hold missing spring; D-sectioned bow joining head plate with oval moulding ; central vertical rib and side ribs on upper bow with small lentoid mouldings on sides at junction with central button of hemispherical knob with curved capping moulding; narrow tapering lower bow with two elongate S-shaped sell on either side for enamel or inglay; projecting footknob; trapezoidal catchplate. Length 69mm, width of head 15mm. Hull 151 Wroxeter Wroxeter type - Hattatt 1987, 145 C2
5.3.5z 98 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Alcester. Slightly expanding lower bow with D-shaped projecting footknob centrally and bordering ridges on both side; Trapezoidal cztchplate on back. Foot dmaged on either side. Front of bow reatins thick patch of decayed white metal - probably lead alloy. Hull 162 Alcester This would have been an unusually large example of an Alcester Brooch (for type see Hattatt 1987, 141). These are frequently decorated with silver foild inlays and it seems likely that the white metal on the fron of the foot was the solder to hold in pla C2
5.3.5z 5032 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Plate headed trumpetl. Spring casing with pierced ends to hold central bar; spring of one turn on either side of missing pin with apparently chord at base; lower part of cast headloop; two lentoid mouldings in front of spring cover; transverse sharp moulding in upper bow; central button two narrow transvers ribs with wide band of vertical moulding between.Lower bow and foot missing. Present length 37mm Hull 159 Plate-headed trumpet See Hattatt 1987, 125 & Table 3 - a strongly regional form with a distribution centred on Gloucestershire Later C1 - mid C2
5.3.5z 5103 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Plate-headed. Cast flat headloop on square plate; rectangular head in front of missing spring; spring casing has perforated terminal; lentoid mouldings on wither side of junction with bow; transverse rib on upper bow; central D-sectioned button with thin acanthus mouldings. Lower bow and foot missing. Present length 38mm, width of head 13mm. Hull 159 Plate-headed trumpet See Hattatt 1987, 125 & Table 3 - a strongly regional form with a distribution centred on Gloucestershire C2
5.3.5aa 69 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Half disc and trumpet. Trumpet head with broken cast head loop and two lugs to hold highly corroded spring of c. two turns on either side; pin missing; surfaces highly corroded but retaining traces of central applied metal strip down centre of bow with an applied eye on each side; half disc cell retaining traces of additional metal enamel; narrow corroded lower bow that might have had scalloped edges; foot and catchplate missing. Present length 30mm, width of head 9mm. Hull 167 Half Disc and trumpet This is a rare form and most commonly found in the east - see Hattatt 1989, 88 2nd half C2 ?
5.3.5ab 216 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Crossbow. Onion knobs with rib below head knob and on wings; square-sectioned upper bow; foot much corroded with remnants of two rows of circular punched dots; catch plate with slot for pin, closed at base. Length 74mm., width 38mm. Hull 192 Crossbow Keller Type 3/4 - see Swift 2000, 15 mid C4
5.3.5ab 67 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Plate brooch. Area above trapezoidal catch plate only surviving. Circular cell forming terminal to larger cell with concave sides; no enamel now surviving. Present length 12mm   Plate Insufficient remains to identify the type with any certainty. The concavity of the sides seems to rule out the possibility that it came from either a lozenge shaped brooch (cf Hattatt 1989, fig. 207) or a disc brooch (ibid fig. 204) which often have such C2 - C3
5.3.5ab 1160 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Fish plate brooch. Pointed oval head with ring and dot cell for enamel, traces of blue in centre of dot; flat oval body with very gently curved upper face and fin on either side, rows of small curved grooves imitating scales; body retains traces of white metalling; tail broken and missing; double perforated lug hing below end of body and catchplate under head. Present length 40mm., maximum width 19mm Hull 223 Plate Imitating a salmon - see Hattatt 1985, 172 no. 616. C2 ?
5.3.5ab 601 25 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Lozenge plate. Very highly corroded and surfaces reduced. Lozenge-shaped plate hollow-backed centrally behind cylindrical drum-shaped cell with traces of turquoise enamel; broken projection at one end with double lug for missing hinged pin; disc projection at other end with broken catchplate below and traces of ring cell on upper face Hull 227 Plate cf Hattatt 1985, 158 no. 574 - this has circular pattern on flat field and there are faint hints in the corroded surface that something similar may have been present on this brooch C2
5.3.5ab 1177 0 0 Brooch Personal COPPER ALLOY Bridge brooch. Probably two waisted rectangular cells, lower one now mostly missing. Upper one retains head loop with nicked rib separating it from upper cell; closed cylindrical hinge cover on back retaining bent pin with triangular spur. Junction of cells retains transverse diagonally nicked rib. Present length 39 maximum width 25mm. Hull 229 Plate Generally considered to be a continental type but British variants are known (Hattatt 1989, 148). The headloop on this example might suggest this is another British variant C2
5.3.6 310 25 0 Bracelet Personal COPPER ALLOY Rectangular-sectioned hoop, widest to wrist, with edge ribs and areas between gently convex-curved; one terminal missing, other tapers to form a sprial rosette, rosette transversely grooved and small group of transverse grooves on hoop behind terminal. Diameter c. 51mm, hoop section 7 x 2mm.     A very rare form but its Roman date seems undoubted as a nearly identical example was found at Wroxeter (Bushe-Fox 1916, pl. XVII/23). The two only differ in that the Wroxter example would have been of slightly larger diameter and the transverse grooving Roman
5.3.6 248 0 0 Bracelet Personal COPPER ALLOY Penannular. D-sectioned slightly expanding to straight-cut terminal; two transverse ribs with convex unit between, broken on one side, hoop on other has row of punched dots on either side; terminal of convex units with edge mouldings between and transverse nicked rib. Diameter 45mm, section at terminal 9 x 4mm Cool Type 8B.   possibly part of this group see 250 here - though the central unit has not previously been observed C2
5.3.6 250 0 0 Bracelet Personal COPPER ALLOY Penannular. D-sectioned slightly expanding to straight-cut terminal; pair of grooves running centrally around hoop; terminal of two transverse ribs with convex unit between; approximately one-quarter extant. Present length 40mm; section at terminal 14 x 5.5mm Cool Type 8B   A very coherent group of 2nd century bracelets though most have two rather than one convex units at the terminal as on an example from Exeter (Bidwell 1979, 235 no. 17, fig. 73). The majority have been found in the south-west though there are occasional mid C2
5.3.6 5140 0 0 Bracelet Personal COPPER ALLOY Penannular; one terminal extant; most of hoop missing. Lentoid section expanding to straight-edged terminal. Present length 47mm., maximum section 9 x 3mm. Cool type 5   A miscellaneous group, not closely dated within the roman period Roman
5.3.6 254 0 0 Bracelet Personal COPPER ALLOY Penannular; one straight-edged terminal extant; majority of hoop missing. Lentoid -sectioned, expanding to terminals. Three pairs of notches on either side behind terminal. Current length 53, section at terminal 9 x 5.5mm Cool type 7   Penannular bracelets with decorated terminals are not common, can occur at any time during the Roman period and tend not to be closely paralleled Roman
5.3.6 5138 0 0 Bracelet Personal COPPER ALLOY Moulded D-sectioned leaf-shaped terminal with D-sectioned curved neck. Present length 20mm., maximum section 8 x 2.5 Cool Bracelet type 40   This comes from a penannular bracelet with twisted back terminals. The inspiration is probably from finger rings with twisted back snake's head terminals. The type is a regional one concentracted in the Gloucestershire area with outliers at Caerleon and Roman
5.3.7 207 0 0 Finger ring Personal COPPER ALLOY D-sectione hoop expanding to bezel with oval translucent dark blue broken glass setting. Diameter 21mm; hoop section 2.5 x 2mm, bezel section 9 x 4mm Henig Type II   Henig 1974, 48. C1 - early C3
5.3.7 202 0 0 Finger ring Personal copper alloy D-sectioned hoop with notched shoulders and transverse rib; shallow oval bezel with traces of enamel in base. Diameter 30 x 29mm, hoop section 2 x 1.5mm. Cool Type 13A   See Cool 1983, 251 C2 - C3
5.3.8a 5026 0 0 Toilet set Toilet Copper alloy Tweezers and nail cleaner. Tweezers complete and formed by rectangular-sectioned strip bent in two and expanding evenly from loop to inturned jaws; groove parallel to each long edge. Length 61mm, maximum width 6.5mm. Nail cleaner - rectangular-sectioned waisted leaf-shape with broken loop; groove parallel to each edge on both sides. Present length 46.5mm, maximum width 9.5mm.     Tweezers tend not to be chronologically sensitive but the shape of the nail cleaner is similar to a type found in the 1st century (Crummy 2001, 3 fig. 1b - see for example Hands 1998, 60 no. 79, fig. 21) though this example lacks the central groove and ha C1 ?
5.3.8a 709 0 0 Nail cleaner Toilet COPPER ALLOY Rectangular-sectioned strip with small circular perforated terminal almost worn through in same plane as blade; expanding out to narrow leaf-shaped upper body then tapering to parallel-sided notched blade. Length 50mm, maximum section 7 x 1mm     see 5026  
5.3.8a 586 0 0 Nail cleaner Toilet COPPER ALLOY Rectangular strip with expanded 'D'shaped perforated terminal in same plane as blade which expands very slightly to notched terminal. Length 44mm, width of perforated terminal 6m        
5.3.8a 5027 0 0 Toilet set Toilet IRON This was the nail cleaner now catalogued as part of 5026        
5.3.8b 693 0 0 Nail cleaner Toilet COPPER ALLOY Circular suspension loop; rectangular-sectioned square unit; rectangular-sectioned elongated leaf-shaped blaxe with central groove up one side and broken point. Present length 63mm; maximum section 8 x 2mm.     In shape this is very reminiscent of late C4 styles of nail cleaner but those normally have decorated faces cf one from Gestingthorpe - Draper 1985, 36 no. 77, fig. 12 (see also Crummy 2001, 6 fig. 5). The surfaces of this one are pitted by corrosion but late C4 ?
5.3.8b 294 25 0 Tweezers Toilet COPPER ALLOY Square-sectioned central closed ring with expanding rectangular-sectioned arms with inturned jaws; three diagonal grooves on upper arms below loop. Loop of wire through ring. Length 53mm, maximum width 9mm.       Roman
5.3.8b 1094 0 0 Nail cleaner Toilet COPPER ALLOY Rectangular-sectioned loop; circular-sectioned broken shank with two enlarged cylinders at top of shank diagonally cross-hatched. Present length 42mm, maximum section 5mm.     This could be either a nail cleaner such as those from Wilcote (Hands 1993. 38 no. 22, fig. 26; 1998, 60 no. 78, fig. 21) both from a mid 2nd century context (or possibly from a cosmetic spoon. C2
5.3.9 346 25 0 Spoon Household Copper alloy Copper alloy with white metal coating. Square-sectioned handle twisted over half length; dropped oval bowl with semi scroll offset. Length 161, width of bowl 33mm.     The spoon has not been scientifically analysed but the small points of green corrosion products visible here and there suggest it is of copper alloy which has been coated with white metal (silver or tin) to produce the effect of being made of silver. Ver C4 (+)
5.3.9 1055 0 0 Vessel Foot Household COPPER ALLOY Pelta-shaped plate with central pointed projection and traces of three ring and dots. Undersurface less carefully finished that the upper one. Dimensions 35.5 x 15mm, thickness 3mm.     The shape of this item and the different treatments of front and back are consistent with with this being the foot of a patera or bowl. Three such feet were applied to the underside of the base to raise it slightly above the level of the surface in which C1
5.3.9 198 0 0 Tankard Handle Household COPPER ALLOY Elongate oval sheet with expanding broken ends, slight rib at each edge with central repousse rib; broken in two and bent out of shape. Present length 76mm, maximum section 20 x 1mm. Corcoran Class V   Handles of Corcoran (1952) Class V have been found on in 1st to 2nd century contexts. An example from Newstead, for example, was recovered from a pit filled during the late 70s - 80s (MacGregor 1976, volume 2 no. 290). Tankards appear to have been a pop C1 - C2
5.3.9 141 0 0 Jug Household COPPER ALLOY Lower handle and attachment fragment. Cast oval-sectioned handle with central shallow rib; cruciform lower attachment with d-sectioned arms each terminating in a rounded moulding. Perforation through centre of lower attachment for rivet. Present length 49mm., handle section 10 x 4.5mm.       Medieval ?
5.3.10 614 0 0 Weight Weighing LEAD Cylindrical lead weight with rounded tip, iron wire centrally forming loop at top. Total length 75mm, length of weight 60mm., diameter 43mm.        
5.3.10 5040 0 0 Steelyard weight Weighing Copper alloy Cast acorn with groove around base of cap; cylindrical central part and pointed base; circular void in top of head. Probably a leaded alloy. Length 30mm, section 14.5mm.     In Britain items such as this are normally interpreted as steelyard weights, which the large ones such as that from Castleford in a late 1st century context (Cool and Philo 1998, 94 no. 445, fig. 35), almost certainly must be. Oldenstein (1977, 159) has Roman
5.3.10 1045 0 0 Weight Weighing LEAD Cheese-shaped with traces of two dots on one face. Diameter 23mm., thickness 13mm     Probably a weight for a sextans (2 unciae) which should weigh either 54.58gm or 54.25gm (RIB II.2, 2)  
5.3.11 1145 101 2 b/3 Stylus Writing COPPER ALLOY Circular-sectioned shank tapering to point at one end with expanded blunt eraser at other end, group of three transverse grooves across base of eraser on one face. Length 108mm, shank section 2mm, width of eraser 4mm.     Copper alloy styli are less common than iron examples but were probably in use throughout the Roman period. It may be noted that Wilcote has produced several with simple grooved decoration on the eraser as here from 2nd century contexts (Wilcote - Hands C2
5.3.11 139 0 0 Seal box Writing COPPER ALLOY Leaf-shaped. Lid with small hemispherical knob terminal with pin below to engage woth box and small transverse hinge loop at other end. Virtually complete but now in two pieces. Length 30mm., width 26mm     Identical to an example from Castleford found in a mid 2nd century context (Cool & Philo 1998, 101 nos. 497) C2
5.3.11 1106 0 0 Wax spatula Writing IRON Rectangular-sectioned blade thinning and flaring out to blade edge; broken narrow tang. Present length 130mm, length of blade 107mm     see Crummy 203; Boon 1991 fig 4g & k. The narrow tang would seem to argue against this being a wood-working tool  
5.3.12 575 25 0 File Tools IRON D-sectioned bar tapering at one end to pointed tang. Teeth cut across curved face at a rate of 20-25 per 10mm. Traces of white metal in teeth. Length 162; width 6mm., thickness 5mm.     A variety of files are known in the Roman period. Those with finely cut teeth were metal-workers tools, though the very fine cutting seen here would appear to be unusually high (Manning et al 1995, 249 no. 12). Many files have rectangular sections but o  
5.3.13a 5143 0 0 Bell-shaped stud Fasteners COPPER ALLOY Shallow cup-shaped head with conical centre; ridged base with stump of shank. Diameter 24mm, present length 13mm.     This might be either an example of an Allason-Jones (1985) type 2 which has a long shank with perforation at the base, or the type identified at Caerleon with a short tapering shank (Webster 1992, 136). Roman
5.3.13a 835 0 0 Stud Fasteners COPPER ALLOY Square head with lug on each side; centre of head raised with four inlaid pointed ovals (possibly niello); lower area of head transversely nicked; short square-sectioned pointed shank; traces of white metal on lugs. Head dimensions 20 x 21mm, length 10.5mm.     This is very similar to an example from Catterick from an unstratified context. The lugs, white metal coating and possible niello inlay are very similar to Hod Hill brooches and suggest this piece may be of mid 1st century. C1
5.3.13a 1116 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Oval with slightly raised area on underside. Slightly convex. Dimensions 47 x 25mm., thickness 27mm.        
5.3.13a 1109 0 0 Clamp Fasteners LEAD Rectangular with long sides formed by two D-sectioned bars with casting flanges down side, held together by two circular-sectioned shanks. One long bar wider and longer than other. Maximum length 63mm, maximum width 14mm, thickness 29mm     cf 1111 This much more carefully fashioned. If for mending pottery - from thickness and lack of curve - amphora. Cf Evans 2000, 420 no. 62, fig. 106. But this is much more carefully fashioned.  
5.3.13a 1111 0 0 Clamp Fasteners LEAD Rectangular with long sides formed by two D-sectioned bars with casting flanges down side, held together by two circular-sectioned shanks; slightly curved along length Length 45mm, thickness 24mm     Probably for mending pottery - from thickness - mortaria or amphora. Cf Evans 2000, 420 no. 62, fig. 106. But this is much more carefully fashioned and see also 1109  
5.3.13b 1022 0 0 Rivet Fasteners LEAD Domed circular head with casting flange around maximum diameter; circular-sectioned shank. Length 13mm., maximum head diameter 10mm.        
5.3.13b 1120 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Approximately circular with conical base. Diameter 24.5, thickness 17mm        
5.3.13b 1122 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD H-sectioned with asymmetrical terminals. Maximum dimensions 28 x 24mm., thickness 10mm        
5.3.13b 1104 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Oval with H section. Dimensions 22 x 14, thickness 11.5mm        
5.3.13b 1189 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Sub-circular with shank. Diameter 13 x 11.5mm., thickness 6.5.        
5.3.13b 1023 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Circular, H-sectioned. Diameter 22 x 20mm., thickness 8.        
5.3.13b 1211 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Approximately circular with H-section. Diameter 25mm., thickness 8mm.        
5.3.13b 1212 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Elongated oval, H-sectioned. 52 x 21mm., thickness 12mm.        
5.3.13b 1030 0 0 Plug Fasteners LEAD Circular with H-section. Diameter 55 x 46mm., thickness 14mm.        
5.3.13c 166 0 0 Dress fastener Fasteners COPPER ALLOY Pointed oval oval head with boss and petal design with scar on underside from loop. Length 24mm, section 17 x 8mm. Wild Class III   This is a dress fastener of Wild Class III (Wild 1970, 138). A reappraisal of this style of mostif by Bishop (1998, 64) suggests a mid C1 to mid C2 date. The majority of these are found in the north of Britain. mid C1 - mid C2
5.3.13c 833 0 0 Key Handle Fasteners COPPER ALLOY Pelta-shaped terminal with inturned ends; rectangular-sectioned; rectangular-sectioned ribbed base with socket containing remnants of iron on underside. Length 37mm, maximum width 30mm, thickness 10mm.     Copper alloy handles in the form of a fleur de lys for iron keys are quite common after the mid 2nd century (Crummy 1983, 126 no. 4161), but the pelta shape of this terminal suggests it may be of 1st century date as it is very similar to military belt-buc C1 ?
5.3.13c 306 0 0 Looped fitting Fasteners COPPER ALLOY Hollow, toggle-shaped fitting with flat disc ends; small rectangular loop. Length 29mm, section 11mm.     This is a late Iron Age form whose use continued in the 1st century AD after the Roman invasion. The distribution is concentrated in the Severn Valley area (Jackson 1990, 40 no. 87, pl. 8) C1 BC - C1 AD
5.3.14a 1036 0 0 Barrel bead Military COPPER ALLOY Hexagonal-section cylinder tapering towards either end. Length 33mm, section 11mm.     A type found predominently on military sites (Mould 1991, 194 no. 694, fig. 97) but occasionally on apparently civilian ones (Lloyd-Morgan 2001, 230 no. 48, fig. 6.5). later C2 - C3
5.3.14a 100 0 0 Stud Military COPPER ALLOY Pointed oval cast domed head with central longitudinal rib and small flange around edge; circular-sectioned shank and integral disk at end. Head dimensions 22.5 x 15mm, length 14mm     Oldenstein includes a very similar stud from Niederbieber (Oldenstein 1977, 138, Taf. 34.273) when discussing vulva mounts which normally have an elongate hexagonal plate around the boss and two studs on the back (cf Cool 1990, 86 no. 27, fig. 70). It is later C2 C3
5.3.14a 172 0 0 Pendant Military COPPER ALLOY Broken suspension loop with crescent-shaped pendant. Length 17mm., width 12.5mm.     The military origin of this pendant cannot be guaranteed but similar pendants are used as terminals on military harness pendants - see for example one from Zugmantel (Oldenstein 1977, 252 no. 382, Taf. 40) C2 - C3
5.3.14a 5078 0 0 Caterpillar mount Military COPPER ALLOY Hollow-backed rectangular mount with two integral rivets; central area transversely ribbed; plain terminals Length 27mm., width 5.5     A common find on mid 2nd to 3rd century military sites and which may have been used as stiffeners on a variety of straps. This is an example of the normal form cf Catterick Site 273 (Mould 2002, 136 no. 6); South Shields (Allason & Miket 1983, 237 nos 3. Late C2 - C3
5.3.14b 140 0 0 Buckle Military COPPER ALLOY Fragment from D-sectioned frame of buckle retaining one complete and jaws of second confronted animal heads either side of diamond-shaped moulding; front of buckle behind head transversely grooved Hawkes and Dunning Type Ia or I Ia   The lack of the crossbar makes the precise type unclear but the confronted dolphin l heads indicate that this is from a 4th to 5th century zoomorphic buckle (Hawkes and Hull 1961, 41 Type Ia or 50 type Iia). C4 - C5
5.3.14b 1064 0 0 Buckle plate Military COPPER ALLOY End of rectangular plate with two small circular perforations for attachment and notched edges. Broken across three circular perforations with bases of bars that formed rectangular openwork pattern. Width 39mm., thickness 3mm. Hawkes and Dunning Type IIA   When complete the plate would have been similar to a plate from an Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Sarre where three openwork rectangular cells were flanked on either side by three perforations, there heart-shaped (Hawkes and Dunning 1961, 55 no. 22, fig. 18). late C4 - C5
5.3.14b 1054 0 0 Strap end Military COPPER ALLOY Amphora-shaped. Upper part of strap end with two sheets still rivetted together. Triangular butt-end with notched outer edges and two dome-headed rivets holding the two plates together; broken across neck and arms with one ring and dot extant on one face at neck. Maximum width 33mm, present length 21mm, thickness of plate 2mm.     This seems to be the upper part of a large amphora-shaped strap end. As defined by Simpson (1976, 198) the upper margin of the strap end was curved rather than straight and notched as here, but there does appear to be a large amount of variation. An exa C4 into C5
5.3.14b 1056 0 0 Strap end Military COPPER ALLOY Lower part of an amphora-shaped strap-end with broken neck; front decorated by deep dot and double ring surrounded by 4 smaller ring and dots. Present length 36, maximum width 19mm, thickness 1.5mm.     The finished edges to the shoulders show that this is not an example of the classic amphora-shaped strap-end as defined by Simpson (1976, 198) but it clearly belongs to the same family of late fourth century military fittings. A fragmentary example of a Late C4 - C5
5.3.15 263 0 0 Pendant Religion COPPER ALLOY Miniature axe head. Rectangular-sectioned bar thinning and expanding to curved blade; broken at shaft where appears to have been forming a loop. Length 28mm., maximum width 21.5mm.     Miniature axes were used as votive items on Roman religious establishments. Most have integral handles but pendants are known (Green 1985) This example might have been intended either as a pendant or alternately, it could have been miniature adze and th Roman
5.3.16 781 116 1 Bead Personal GLASS Annular bead, very dark glass appearing black; approximately one-third extant. Diameter c. 15mm., length 7.5mm., perforation diameter c. 7.     'Black' annular beads are rare in the Roman period (Guido 1978, 68) but not uncommon in 5th to 6th century contexts (Guido 1999, 20). C5 - C6 ??
5.3.16 759 130 1 Prismatic bottle Household GLASS       Isings Form 1957, Form 50; Price and Cottam 1998, 194-202. C1 - C2 (mid C3)
5.3.16 868 0 0 Bangle Personal GLASS Translucent blue/green 'D'-sectioned bangle with central mid blue and opaque white chord with right-hand twist. 10% of circumference extant. Section 14 x 8 Internal diameter c. 80mm     Kilbride-Jones 1937-38, Type 2. For discussion of this large variant which is predominantly a south-western variant in use from the Claudian to early Neronian period see Manning et al 1995, 100-102 c. 43 - 80
5.3.16 867 164 3 Jar Household GLASS         Later C1 - early C2
5.3.16 280 6 0 Bead Personal GLASS Annular bead, translucent blue/green glass. Diameter 13mm., length 5.5mm., perforation diameter 5.5.     Guido 1978, 65 Group 6iib C1-C2, occasionally later

Last Updated on 01/03/2005
By Rosalyn Smith