The Cotswold Water Park Today

This Digital Volume contains detailed archive reports on the stratigraphy, finds and environmental evidence for the four key Cotswold Water Park sites and the survey sites. Digital Section 1 is an introduction to the Project. Digital sections 2 to 4 contain archive reports for Claydon Pike, along with full context and finds tables for this site. The remaining sections (5 to 8) contain the archive reports and supporting material for the other Cotswold Water Park sites.

All of the data within this digital volume is intended to support the interpretations and discussions outlined within the print volume. However, both sections are designed to be consulted independently of each other.

Index

Section 1 General Introduction

Section 2 Claydon Pike Archaeological description

2.1 Claydon Pike Warrens Field
2.1.2 Island 3
2.1.3 Island 2
2.1.4 Island 1
2.1.5 Roman field system

2.2 Claydon Pike Longdoles Field
2.2.2 Trench 13
2.2.3 Trench 19
2.2.4 Trench 29
2.2.5 Trench 17
2.2.6 Trench 27
2.2.7 Trench 30
2.2.8 Outer trenches

2.3 Claydon Pike full context table

Section 3 Claydon Pike Finds Reports

3.1 Claydon Pike Iron Age Pottery
3.1a Iron Age Pottery Tables

3.2 Claydon Pike Roman Pottery
3.2.a Roman Pottery Tables
3.2.b Roman Pottery Supplementary tables

3.3 Claydon Pike Coins
3.3a Coins Tables
3.3b Coins Catalogue

3.4 Claydon Pike Small Finds
3.4.a Small Finds Tables
3.4.b Small Finds Illustration catalogue

3.5 Claydon Pike Metallurgy

3.6 [Claydon Pike Slag]

3.7 Claydon Pike Vessel Glass

3.8 Claydon Pike Worked Stone
3.8a Worked Stone Tables
3.8b Worked Stone Catalogue

3.9 Claydon Pike Ceramic Building Material

3.10 Claydon Pike Mortar and Plaster

Section 4 Claydon Pike Environmental Reports

4.1: Human Remains
4.1.a: Tables
4.1.b: Catalogue

4.2: Warrens Field Animal Bone
4.2a: Tables

4.3: Longdoles Field Animal Bone
4.3.2: Tables

4.4: Invertebrate and Waterlogged Plant Remains
4.4.a: Tables

4.5: Charred Plant Remains
4.5.a: Tables

Section 5 Somerford Keynes Neigh Bridge

5.1 Somerford Keynes Introduction

5.2 Somerford Keynes Archaeological Description
5.2a Somerford Keynes Context Table

5.3 Somerford Keynes Finds Reports
5.3a Somerford Keynes Finds Tables
5.3b Somerford Keynes Finds Illustration Catalogue

5.4 Somerford Keynes Environmental Reports
5.4a Somerford Keynes Environmental Tables

Section 6 Whelford Bowmoor

6.1 Whelford Bowmoor Introduction

6.2 Whelford Bowmoor Archaeological Description
6.2a Whelford Bowmoor Context Table

6.3 Whelford Bowmoor Finds Reports
6.3a Whelford Bowmoor Finds Tables
6.3b Whelford Bowmoor Finds Illustration Catalogue

6.4 Whelford Bowmoor Environmental Reports


Section 7 Kempsford Stubbs Farm

7.1 Kempsford Stubbs Farm Introduction

7.2 Kempsford Stubbs Farm Archaeological Description
7.2a Kempsford Stubbs Farm Context Table

7.3 Kempsford Stubbs Farm Finds Reports
7.3a Kempsford Stubbs Farm Finds Tables

7.4 Kempsford Stubbs Farm Environmental Reports

Section 8 CWP Survey Sites

8.1 CWP Survey Sites-The sites
8.2 CWP Survey Sites -The Finds
8.2a CWP Survey Site _ The Finds Tables
8.4 CWP Survey Illustration Catalogue

List of Illustrations

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Location of Project Area
1.2 Location of key sites
1.3 Geological map of project area

SECTION 2: Claydon Pike: Structural and stratigraphic description

2.1 Warrens Field: Archaeological description

2.1.1 Location of Warrens Field settlement in relation to Longdoles Field
2.1.2 Trench plan of Warrens Field
2.1.3 Plan of island 3
2.1.4 Structures 13 and 14
2.1.5 Structures 15 and 16
2.1.6 Structures 17 and 19
2.1.7 Structure 20
2.1.8 Section through Roman ditch 377
2.1.9 Enclosure 8
2.1.10 Plan of island 2
2.1.11 Enclosure 4 / structure 11
2.1.12 Structures 10 and 12
2.1.13 Structures 8 and 9
2.1.14 Structures 22 and 23, and four post structure in S 20
2.1.15 Structures 6 and 7
2.1.16 Central enclosure complex
2.1.17 Structures 4 and 5
2.1.18 Plan of island 1
2.1.19 Enclosure 2 and structure 1
2.1.20 Structures 1 and 3
2.1.21 Structure 2
2.1.22 Enclosure 1
2.1.23 Trench 9
2.1.24 The Roman field system in Warrens Field

2.2: Longdoles Field: Archaeological description

2.2.1 Trench plan of Longdoles Field
2.2.2 Composite plans of main excavation trenches in Longdoles Field
2.2.3 Longdoles Field Settlement: Outline of the main phasing
2.2.4 Trench 13 composite phase 2 plan
2.2.5 Trench 13 phase 2 sub-phasing
2.2.6 Trench 13 composite phase 3 plan
2.2.7 Trench 13 phase 3 sub-phasing
2.2.8 Phase 3 gateway (B 4) in trench 13
2.2.9 Phase 3 aisled building 1
2.2.9a Phase 3 aisled building 1 sections
2.2.10 Phase 3 aisled building 3
2.2.11 Phase 3 building 2
2.2.12 Phase 3 building 7
2.2.13 Trench 13 composite plan phase 4
2.2.14 Trench 13 phase 4 sub-phasing
2.2.15 Phase 4 building 8: The late Roman ‘cottage villa’
2.2.16 Phase 4 building 9: The southern building
2.2.17 Trench 13 phase 5 features
2.2.18 Trench 19 composite plan
2.2.18a Trench 19 sub-phases
2.2.19 Trench 29 composite plan
2.2.19a Trench 29 sub-phases
2.2.20 Trench 29 building 5
2.2.21 Trench 17 composite plan
2.2.21a Trench 17 sub-phases
2.2.22 Trench 17 building 6
2.2.23 Plan of stone features in central trench 17
2.2.24 Trench 27: The late Roman circular shrine
2.2.25 Trench 30: The late Roman cemetery
2.2.26 Trench 18: The Roman road
2.2.27 Southern and south-eastern trenches
2.2.28 The western trenches

SECTION 3: Claydon Pike: Detailed Finds reports

3.1: Iron Age pottery and Briquetage

3.1.1 Pottery from Island 3
3.1.2 Pottery from Island 2
3.1.3 Pottery from Island 1

3.2: Roman Pottery

3.2.1 Samian
3.2.2a Amphorae (Class A)
3.2.2b Amphorae (Class A)
3.2.3 Flagons and jugs (Class B)
3.2.4a Type C - General group for jars of uncertain form
3.2.4b Type CA - Middle Iron Age open jar form
3.2.4c Type CB - Middle Iron Age ‘barrel shaped’ jars
3.2.4d Type CC - Narrow mouthed jars
3.2.4e Type CD - Medium mouthed jars
3.2.4f Type CE - Jars with high shoulders, concave neck and everted rim, ‘Belgic’ type
3.2.4g Type CG - Globular jars
3.2.4h Type CH - Bead rim jars
3.2.4i Type CI - Angled everted rim jars
3.2.4j Type CK - ‘Cooking pot type’ jars
3.2.4k Type CM - Wide mouthed jars
3.2.4l Type CN - Large storage jars
3.2.5 Indeterminate jar or bowl types (Class D)
3.2.6 Beakers (Class E)
3.2.7 Cups (Class F)
3.2.8 Tankards and mugs (Class G)
3.2.9a Bowls (Class H)
3.2.9b Bowls (Type HA)
3.2.9c Bowls (Type HB)
3.2.9d Bowls (Type HC)
3.2.9e Bowls (Type HS)
3.2.10 Bowls/Dishes (Class I)
3.2.11a Type JA - Straight sided dishes
3.2.11b Type JB - Curving sided dishes
3.2.12 Mortaria (Class K)
3.2.13 Lids (Class L)
3.2.14 Miscellaneous Forms (Class M)
3.2.15 Other Pottery types
3.2.16 Group 1 Pottery from Phase 2d Ditch 2092
3.2.17 Pottery from Phase 3a Ditch 547/620
3.2.18 Group 3 Pottery from Phase 4a/b Pit 1989

3.4: Small Finds
PERSONAL ORNAMENTS
Brooches

3.4.1a Early to mid-1st century forms
3.4.1b Mid 1st century forms
3.4.1c Mid 1st to 2nd century forms
3.4.1d Late 1st to mid 2nd century forms
3.4.1e 1st/2nd century AD forms
3.4.1f 2nd century AD forms
3.4.1g 2nd century and later forms

Bracelets

3.4.2a Twisted, penannular and expanding bracelets
3.4.2b Light bangles
3.4.2c Light bangles
3.4.2d Miscellaneous bracelets/fragments
3.4.2e Shale bracelets
3.4.2f Glass bangle

Finger rings

3.4.3a Phase 2-3 rings
3.4.3b Phase 4 rings

Necklaces, beads and pendants

3.4.4a Phase 2 beads
3.4.4b Phase 3 beads
3.4.4c Phase 4 beads

Other personal ornaments

3.4.5a Hairpins
3.4.5b Hairpins
3.4.5c Dress pin, earrings, hobnails and shoe cleats

3.4.6 TOILET AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

3.4.7 TEXTILE EQUIPMENT

HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT

3.4.8a Miscellaneous household equipment
3.4.8b Spoons and bowl fragment

3.4.9 RECREATIONAL ITEMS

3.4.10 WEIGHING AND MEASURING

3.4.11 WRITING

3.4.12 TRANSPORT

3.4.13 STRUCTURAL ITEMS FROM BUILDINGS

TOOLS

3.4.14a Punch, chisels, awl and saw
3.4.14b Coopers crozes and knives
3.4.14c Knives and handles
3.4.14d Miscellaneous tools and industrial debris

FASTENERS AND FITTINGS

3.4.15a Phase 2 fasteners and fittings
3.4.15b Phase 3 fasteners and fittings
3.4.15c Phase 4 fasteners and fittings
3.4.15d Undated fasteners and fittings
3.4.15e Pottery repairs (clamps)
3.4.15f Pottery repairs (Plugs)
3.4.15g Security phase 3
3.4.15h Security phase 4
3.4.15i Security unphased

3.4.16 AGRICULTURE

3.4.17 MILITARY

3.4.18 RELIGION

3.4.19 LATE SAXON AND MEDIEVAL

3.8 Worked Stone

3.8.1 Worked stone from Warrens Field
3.8.2 Worked Stone from Longdoles Field Phase 3
3.8.3 Worked Stone from Longdoles Field Phase 3
3.8.4 Worked Stone from Longdoles Field Phase 4
3.8.5 Structural stone from Longdoles Field

SECTION 4: Claydon Pike: Environmental reports

4.1 The human skeletal remains

4.1.1 Human remains from the cemetery
4.1.2 Sub-Roman burials

4.2 The animal remains from Warrens Field

4.2.1 Composition of animal bone assemblage by gravel island
4.2.2 relative frequencies of the main domesticates in terms of NISP and MNI
4.2.3 Mortality rates for cattle
4.2.4 Mortality rates for sheep/goat

4.3 The animal remains from Longdoles field

4.3.1 Skeletal representation data for the Longdoles field caprines compared to Brain’s (1976) carnivore-ravaged caprine assemblage
4.3.2 Distal breadth plot of the Longdoles Field equid metacarpals with those for modern donkeys
4.3.3 Scatterplot (Greatest length by Breadth of Distal) for the Longdoles field felid humeri against those of modern wild (Felis silvestris) and domestic (Felis catus) cat.
4.3.4 Relative frequency of the main domesticates according to the a) NISP and b) MNI counts
4.3.5 Kill-off patterns for the Longdoles field cattle with all trenches combined
4.3.6 Inter-trench variation in kill-off patterns for the phase 3 caprines
4.3.7 Caprine kill-off pattern by phase in trench 13
4.3.8 Inter-phase variation in kill-off pattern for pigs
4.3.9 Scatterplot of cattle metacarpels - breath of distal by depth of distal
4.3.10 Skeletal representation data for the Longdoles field cattle from all trenches
4.3.11 Skeletal representation data for the Longdoles field caprines from all trenches
4.3.12 Skeletal representation data for the Longdoles field pigs from all trenches
4.3.13 Skeletal representation data for the Longdoles field horses from all trenches
4.3.14 Shaving marks noted on the cattle a) humeri, b) radii, c) femora and d) tibiae
4.3.15 Typical butchery patterns for the Romano-British cattle scapulae
4.3.16 Inter-phase change in cattle size - breadth of distal humerus
4.3.17 Inter-phase change in cattle size - breadth of distal metacarpal
4.3.18 Inter-phase change in cattle size - breadth of distal radius
4.3.19 Inter-phase change in cattle size - breadth of distal tibia
4.3.20 Inter-phase variation in cattle wither heights
4.3.21 Inter-site comparison of late Iron Age cattle size - breadth of distal tibia
4.3.22 Inter-site comparison of Romano-British cattle size - breadth of distal tibia
4.3.23 Inter-phase change in caprine size - breadth of distal tibia
4.3.24 Inter-phase change in caprine size - breadth of distal humerus
4.3.25 Inter-phase change in caprine wither heights
4.3.26 Inter-site comparison of Iron Age caprine size - breadth of distal tibia
4.3.27 Inter-site comparison of Roman-British caprine size - breadth of distal tibia
4.3.28 Inter-phase change in horse wither heights
4.3.29 Taxa representation data for contexts 1989 and 766
4.3.30 Inter-phase variation in the frequency of domestic birds and game mammals

4.4: The invertebrate and waterlogged plant remains from Claydon Pike

4.4.1 Summary pollen diagram
4.4.2 Coleoptera diagram by period

4.5: Charred plant remains and charcoal

4.5.1 Phases 1-4: sample summary
4.5.2 Plant macrofossil concentrations
4.5.3 Percentage presence of crops (excluding chaff)
4.5.4 Percentage presence of chaff
4.5.5 Percentage presence of plants of disturbed ground and arable
4.5.6 Percentage presence of damp ground plants
4.5.7 Percentage presence of grassland plants
4.5.8 Weeds as % of weeds and grain plotted against large weed seeds as % all classified seeds

SECTION 5: Somerford Keynes Neigh Bridge

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Site location plan
5.1.2 Site plan showing trench locations
5.1.3 Trench 5 phase 1
5.1.4 Trench 5 phase 2
5.1.5 Trench 5 phase 3
5.1.6 Distribution of finds from metal detecting

5.2 Archaeological description

5.2.1 Plan of Trench 5
5.2.1a Sections for Trench 5
5.2.2 Aisled building
5.2.3 Aisled building sections
5.2.4 ‘corn drier’
5.2.5 Trenches 17 and 8
5.2.6 Trenches 7 and 13
5.2.7 Trench 19

5.3 Finds

5.3.1 Decorated samian
5.3.2 Pottery from Phase 1
5.3.3 Pottery from Phase 2
5.3.4 Pottery from Phase 3
5.3.5a Involute brooch
5.3.5a Eagle sculpture
5.3.5b Nauheim Derivative Brooches Hull type 11
5.3.5c Nauheim Derivative Brooches Hull type 10
5.3.5d Strip bow – Hull Type 12
5.3.5e Contintental one-piece (Hull Type 19) and Langton Down (Hull Type 21)
5.3.5f Colchester – Hull Type 90
5.3.5g Aesica – Hull Type 37
5.3.5h Aucissa – Hull Type 51
5.3.5i Hod Hill – Hull Types 60-62
5.3.5j Hod Hill – Hull Types 60, 70-1, 79
5.3.5k Mid-first century disc brooches and penannular brooch
5.3.5l Colchester Derivative (Hull types 92-3)
5.3.5m Dolphin brooches (Hull type 94)
5.3.5n Dolphin brooches (Hull type 94)
5.3.5o Polden Hill (Hull type 98)
5.3.5p Polden Hill (Hull type 98)
5.3.5q Polden Hill (Hull type 98)
5.3.5r Polden Hill (Hull type 103)
5.3.5s Polden Hill (Hull type 100)
5.3.5t T-shape brooches
5.3.5u Plate-headed T-shaped – Hull type 138 /140
5.3.5v Backworth trumpet – Hull Type 158
5.3.5w Chester trumpet – Hull Type 154
5.3.5x Keyhole – Hull Type 238
5.3.5y Wroxeter – Hull Type 151
5.3.5z Plate-headed trumpet (Hull Type 159) and Alcester (Hull Type 162)
5.3.5aa Pelta / half disc and trumpet – Hull type 167
5.3.5ab Plate Brooches and crossbow brooch
5.3.6 Bracelets
5.3.7 Finger rings
5.3.8a Toilet Equipment
5.3.8b Toilet Equipment
5.3.9 Household utensils
5.3.10 Weighing Equipment
5.3.11 Writing Equipment
5.3.12 Tools
5.3.13a Fasteners and Fittings (fastenings and lead clamps)
5.3.13b Fasteners and Fittings (lead plugs)
5.3.13c Fasteners and Fittings
5.3.14a Military Equipment (2nd/3rd century AD)
5.3.14b Military Equipment (late 4th/5th century AD)
5.3.15 Religious Items
5.3.16 Glass
5.3.17a Eagle sculpture
5.3.17b Shield sculpture
5.3.18 Worked stone
5.3.19 Tile stamp

SECTION 6: Whelford Bowmoor

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Site location plan
6.1.2 location of archaeological investigations
6.1.3 Phase 1
6.1.4 Phase 2

6.2 Archaeological description

6.2.1a Plans of excavations: southern area
6.2.1b Plan of excavations: northern area
6.2.2 Stone channel
6.2.3 Rubble platform

6.3 Finds

6.3.1 Phase 1 pottery (1-5)
6.3.2 Phase 2 pottery (6-16)
6.3.3 Brooches
6.3.4 Other personal items
6.3.5 Transport
6.3.6 Fasteners
6.4 Environmental
6.4.1 Phosphate analysis

SECTION 7: Stubbs Farm

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Site location plan
7.1.2 Field evaluation
7.1.3 Plan of excavated site

7.2 Archaeological description

7.2.1 Multi-ditched circular enclosure
7.2.2 Double ditched rectangular enclosure
7.2.3 Plan of enclosure gateway

7.3 Finds

7.3.1a Pottery 1
7.3.1b Pottery 2
7.3.1c Pottery 3
7.3.2 Brooch

SECTION 8: Survey sites

8.1 The sites

8.1.1 Location of the survey sites

8.1.2 Finds distribution around Leaze farm

8.2 The finds

8.2.1 Brooches and other personal items
8.2.2 Personal items
8.2.3 Houehold, fittings and writing
8.2.4 Military


COTSWOLD WATER PARK
DIGITAL ARCHIVE REPORT