SECTION 3.6:CLAYDON PIKE IRON SLAG by Chris Salter(Note: this report has not been updated since the original in the 1980s) CATALOGUE OF SLAG AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL DEBRIS
|
Context |
description |
wt (g) |
806/B/1 |
1 piece of smithing slag |
210g |
1 very fragmented piece of smithing slag |
460g |
|
1450/B |
Fragmented piece of smithing slag |
175g |
1 piece of smithing slag |
35g |
|
Unclassified slag |
10g |
|
1445/B |
3 pieces of slag lining reaction product (SLRP) |
33g |
1 piece of slag cake, smithing |
80g |
|
1 piece of large PC or FBS but without furnace lining, a piece of granitic? rock adhering smithing slag |
425g |
|
1 piece of large PC, 15% missing, smithing |
575g |
|
1454 |
3 pieces of broken thick low density PC smithing |
530g |
Complete sample of PC type smithing? |
300g |
|
Small fragment of material similar to the broken sample |
54g |
|
1409/C/1 |
27 small fragments of various slag types |
285g |
7 nails and 1 fragment of iron sheet |
||
7 fragments of FLM |
29g |
|
2 complete pieces of dark coloured FAS |
29g |
|
Complete rounded low density PC |
185g |
|
1409/D/1 |
Corroded iron |
12g |
Small PC, smithing |
27g |
|
2 small flows less than 2mm thick |
29g |
|
Larger PC medium density, smithing? |
265g |
|
1409/E/1 |
PC, smithing? |
365g |
Crushed and fragmented slag |
210g |
|
Metallic iron |
10g |
|
4 pieces of furnace lining |
30g |
|
Small smithing PC |
75g |
|
1409/E |
3 small to medium sized PC |
335g |
Large high density PC, smithing |
700g |
|
4 fragments of large high density PC, smithing |
625g |
|
Large high density PC, smithing |
300g |
|
2 pieces of low density smithing slag |
475g |
|
Crushed and severely fragmented slag |
475g |
|
1398/B |
1 dense PC 50, 70, 38t half piece present, smithing |
170g |
1 PC shaped piece of slag with furnace lining attached 55, 50, 25t, smithing |
100g |
|
1 fragment of thick PC medium density |
40g |
|
Several piece of low density porous slag probably smithing |
155g |
|
1 small piece of low density slag |
38g |
|
Fragment of larger PC probably smithing |
225g |
|
1269/F |
1 large piece of FBS slag from immediately below the tuyere zone of the furnace |
425g |
The furnace lining shows that the furnace has been relined on at least one occasion, and that there has been very extensive erosion of the furnace lining. Smithing 1 piece of mixed low density slag probably the result of massive furnace lining erosion |
190g |
|
7 pieces of SLRP |
200g |
|
1 flat piece of metallic iron |
43g |
|
1 heat shattered limestone pebble total weight |
1090g |
|
1335/B |
Light FAS/FLM |
265g |
9 pieces of medium density unclassifiable slag |
250g |
|
1 small fragment from a thicker PC type, smithing |
40g |
|
1 fragment from a larger furnace bottom 25-30 cm diameter 75,65,35t, most likely to be a smithing slag |
||
1 piece of iron |
||
1 fragment of an iron blade |
||
1 piece of curved slag with the definite impression of rod pushed through into the slag |
300g |
|
1 piece of porous low density slag very firmly welded to chert or flint pebbles-smithing |
10g |
|
2357/c/ |
1small fragment of PC, but it is just possible that there is some partially reduced ore present |
18g |
2375/K/2 |
virtually complete section of dense PC slag adhering to furnace lining, curved edge shows that the furnace bottom was roughly 30cm in diameter, strongly magnetic in parts 85,75,50 possible smithing slag |
250g |
1200 |
2 pieces of smithing slag |
40g |
1 fragment of smithing slag |
119g |
|
2430 |
2 low density small PC, smithing |
125g |
Small PC with glazed upper surface, smithing |
125g |
|
2 pieces of thin slag (5-8 mm thick) |
19g |
|
Irregular flow to PC shape, smithing |
79g |
|
Fragment of larger PC slag, shape indicates furnace diameter of 25-30 cm, there may be iron adhering to the upper surface |
175g |
|
piece of conical slag, may have filled the tuyere hole, minimum diameter 22mm,smithing |
77g |
|
2430 |
Fragment of large PC, high density. The fracture appears to have occurred while the slag was hot, smithing |
200g |
Small hollow PC, smithing |
37g |
|
4 pieces of unidentifiable slag, one may be highly fired crucible or furnace lining |
41g |
|
Piece of high density slag |
15g |
|
Iron ore haematite and Goethite showing botryoidal growth form |
5g |
|
1440 |
1 piece of Plano-convex slag, medium to high density, glazed upper surface, smithing |
250g |
1 piece of undefined slag, very rusty surface probably smithing slag |
||
1 piece of fragmented high density slag probably smithing |
300g |
|
1392/2 |
4 small fragments smithing slag |
39g |
1 fragment of low density PC, smithing |
34g |
|
1 fragment of medium density PC, smithing.. |
41g |
|
1 fragment of large high density PC, smithing? |
48g |
|
1610 |
1 Piece of FLRP |
15g |
2491/1 |
1 block of FBS type slag |
570g |
2835/C/2 |
FLRP flow |
43g |
1447/D |
Edge of fragment of PC |
110g |
1409/E |
Large low density PC, smithing? |
1690g |
Massive, high density PC, smithing |
1450g |
|
1428/C |
Fragment of large PC, 4 smaller fragments and a little FAS formation |
84g |
1359/B |
Large PC with some regions of partially reduced iron ore |
600g |
1393/B/3 |
1 fragment of thick PC, possible smithing |
|
1 lump soil concreted with calcium carbonate or iron |
||
1335/B |
12 pieces of FLM/FAS highly fired |
135g |
1 piece iron sheet |
||
5 assorted small pieces slag, larger showing inclusions partially roasted ore, needs further investigation |
105g |
|
1273/B/2 |
Major piece of thick PC broken at edge, smithing |
275g |
A few pieces unidentifiable slag |
35g |
|
1388/B |
2 pieces low density FAS or FLM |
7g |
1 small piece of medium density slag |
11g |
|
1 piece of FLM or Flrm |
36g |
|
1213/B |
Fragment of medium density well formed slag, smithing |
60g |
607/D |
Fragments of thick PC material, smithing |
340g |
1285/B |
SLRP material |
6g |
2353/1 |
1 large well formed PC of dense slag 80,80,65t smithing |
635g |
748/F |
1 small piece of light coloured soft slag smithing |
50g |
2829/B |
Fragment of smithing slag |
540g |
2441/1 |
Fragment of PC medium density, smithing? |
24g |
2430 |
1 piece of dense wedge shaped slag, possibly smithing |
260g |
2430 |
Indeterminate shape, with semi-circular channel 12mm diameter running across slag, looks like a rod has been pushed down tuyere to clear slag |
65g |
1200/2 |
1 small half PC 65,45,20t, dense well formed slag |
120g |
1 double PC good charcoal impressions 90.75,49 |
210g |
|
1200/2 |
Large ovate PC 120,78,40t, virtually complete probably smithing |
380g |
12 fragments of high density slag difficult to classify |
390g |
|
1 curious shaped piece of FLM, D-shaped but broken |
8g |
|
504/1 |
3 small pieces of high density well formed slag |
125g |
1 piece of high grade non-magnetic iron ore not bog ore but brown streak |
76g |
|
1413/B |
Roughly circular slag cake, high density and strongly magnetic, smithing |
235g |
1604 |
Fragments FLM |
80g |
4 pieces of FLM (could have come from crucibles) |
17g |
|
1 piece of iron-claystone |
5g |
|
2 pieces of SLRP |
24g |
|
9 fragments of smithing slag |
230g |
|
563/K/5 |
1 piece of smithing slag |
35g |
563/K/2 |
3 pieces of smithing slag |
|
1 piece of iron bar |
||
1850 |
1 massive fragment of FLM |
37g |
649/B/1 |
3 pieces of smithing slag |
38g |
732/A/1 |
1 fragment of smithing slag |
9g |
2051/2 |
Fragments and remains of partial fired FLM probably a smithing hearth |
940g |
533/1 |
1 piece of smithing slag |
24g |
534/A/1 |
3 pieces smithing slag |
1g |
540/1 |
Fragments FLM |
43g |
5 pieces smithing slag |
46g |
|
1 piece iron sheet |
||
1730/A/1 |
1 piece smithing slag |
27g |
540/A/1 |
9 pieces FLM and SLRP |
45g |
6 pieces of smithing slag |
110g |
|
1 arrowhead shaped metallic iron |
9g |
|
1202/1 |
1 piece of smithing slag |
38g |
559/G/1 |
1 piece of smithing slag |
45g |
1465 |
1 piece corroded iron, possibly nail |
|
1 piece smithing slag |
21g |
|
1409/G |
2 pieces smithing slag |
188g |
4 pieces smithing slag with silica inclusions |
120g |
|
1409/C |
1 piece smithing slag |
105g |
1335/C |
1 piece mixed smithing slag, iron corrosion products and stone |
120g |
1312/B |
1 piece smithing slag |
12g |
1269/F |
Thick piece of FLM and SLRP associated with smithing |
200g |
2850/A/2 |
Smithing slag |
61g |
2823/F |
1 piece smithing slag |
180g |
2819/B |
1 fragment smithing slag |
34g |
2817/A |
1 piece smithing slag |
83g |
1409/D/1 |
A few flakes hammer scale |
|
15 pieces broken PC or flat slag |
130g |
|
3 fragments small PC, smithing |
130g |
|
Fragments of flat slag |
68g |
|
High density non-magnetic PC, possibly smithing |
250g |
|
Small PC smithing |
87g |
|
1433/A |
5 small pieces smithing slag |
14g |
1432/A/1 |
Smithing slag PC |
125g |
Undefinable slag |
36g |
|
2 small drips of slag |
5g |
|
1 piece FAS or FLM |
4g |
|
2438/A |
1 piece small PC, smithing |
90g |
1429/B/1 |
3 small pieces slag and a few flakes hammer scale smithing |
8g |
2390/D/1 |
2 pieces smithing slag |
20g |
1367/A |
2 pieces of iron |
14g |
5 pieces of FAS/FLM |
45g |
|
1 slag flow down the side of a furnace, half broken when semi-solid, smithing |
53g |
|
1335/F |
2 pieces metallic iron |
|
1 piece unclassifiable slag |
42g |
|
1335/D |
Fragment of small PC, smithing slag |
31g |
670/G |
2 pieces of strongly magnetic material, probably metallic iron |
39g |
1294/D |
1 piece of PC, smithing |
180g |
6 fragments of smithing slag |
75g |
|
1 piece of unusual sandy black material, looks like modern core clay after use |
40g |
|
1294/E |
2 pieces of thin irregular flow shaped slag, highly magnetic, smithing |
30g |
1294/B |
1 small piece smithing slag |
30g |
667/M |
1 piece smithing slag |
66g |
1228 |
1 piece smithing slag |
32g |
1201/J |
1 piece smithing slag |
7g |
Completely rusted iron nail and sheet |
9g |
|
1296/F |
1 piece of FLM |
11g |
1 piece smithing slag |
20g |
|
1359/B |
2 fragments smithing slag |
2g |
835/D |
1 piece smithing slag |
11g |
1219 |
1 small nail, corrosion products |
|
1 small piece slag |
||
2384/C/2 |
2 small pieces slag |
51g |
1920 |
1 piece smithing slag |
|
504 |
1 fragment smithing slag |
120g |
1200 |
6 fragments SLRP |
83g |
1 piece SLRP |
59g |
|
2 pieces slag flow, unclassified |
63g |
|
2 pieces smithing slag |
143g |
|
1200 |
12 pieces smithing slag |
300g |
1200 |
2 pieces smithing slag? |
71g |
1200 |
1 piece metallic iron- shallow bowl? |
|
1 fragment iron nail |
||
3 pieces iron bar |
||
1 piece smithing slag |
2g |
|
1200 |
2 pieces smithing slag |
18g |
2430/2 |
Crushed slag, smithing |
41g |
2430/1 |
3 pieces smithing slag |
80g |
2398/B/1 |
1 small fragment PC, smithing |
26g |
2350/C/1 |
1 medium sized PC, probably smithing, broken, 60,55,30t |
140g |
1 small PC complete, 60,52,30t, top surface has some silica adhering, could just be copper working |
130g |
|
2345/1 |
1 small piece PC with charcoal marks, high density smithing |
150g |
1200/2 |
12 fragments clinkery type material, smithing? |
162g |
1200/2 |
4 fragments small PC, typical smithing slag |
375g |
4 fragments FLM |
10g |
|
1200/2 |
Large round PC, with silica rich material on upper surface, copper? |
|
1200/2 |
2 piece metallic iron 25,12t |
46g |
2 pieces low/medium density slag with charcoal impressions |
15g |
|
1200 |
1 small piece hard well formed smithing slag |
20g |
1200/2 |
1 piece low density rubbish with silica pebble, smithing |
48g |
1 small piece unidentified slag |
5g |
|
1 piece FLM |
3g |
|
1200/2 |
12 fragments thick medium/high density PC some included silica, smithing |
525g |
1 piece metallic iron |
27g |
|
1200/2 |
1 small smithing slag PC |
125g |
1200/2 |
1 medium sized irregular shaped slag, smithing |
125g |
1200/2 |
1 iron nail head |
18g |
1 piece smithing slag |
7g |
|
1200/2 |
1 fragment smithing slag |
99g |
1200/1 |
1 piece smithing slag |
72g |
1200/2 |
Smithing slag |
8g |
1200/2 |
2 pieces of smithing slag |
25g |
1200/2 |
2 pieces of smithing slag |
27g |
1200/21 |
piece smithing slag |
|
522/1 |
1 piece smithing slag |
250g |
541/1 |
1 piece FLM |
3g |
1 piece smithing slag |
46g |
|
503 |
Fragments smithing slag |
20g |
575 |
1 piece of smithing slag |
|
2713/A/1 |
Complete PC probably smithing |
150g |
1392/1 |
1 small PC smithing slag |
53g |
1393/A |
1 piece of soft low density slag, sample x.1, smithing until matrix identified |
50g |
2 pieces of slightly harder but similar slag |
75g |
|
1 piece low density, rust spotted smithing slag |
175g |
|
1 medium/large PC of low density slag, probably smithing |
300g |
|
560/1 |
3 pieces of smithing slag |
51g |
526/C/1 |
2 fragments SLRP |
5g |
533/A/1 |
SLRP |
5g |
2161/C |
1 piece SLRP |
39g |
1448 |
crushed slag |
2g |
1447/B |
3 pieces SLRP |
14g |
1312/A |
2 pieces unclassified slag |
9g |
2809/C/1 |
1 piece FLM |
29g |
2831/B |
1 piece FLM |
17g |
2818/B/2 |
1 piece FLM |
17g |
2815/B |
1 piece FLM |
17g |
2806/A |
1 piece FLM |
17g |
1435/A |
Large low density PC with inclusions of either silica rich or calcium rich material on the upper surface, possible copper working |
475g |
1320/F |
Disintegrated FLM and soil |
60g |
667/C |
FLM |
36g |
1337 |
FLM |
|
1305/A |
FLM |
23g |
1201/L |
3 pieces of FLM |
15g |
1286/C |
SLRP |
18g |
1386/A |
2 pieces of FLM |
16g |
1367/K |
3 pieces of FLM |
13g |
1318/A |
FLM |
14g |
1315/A |
FLM |
76g |
1309/G |
FLM, poorly fired |
13g |
1335/A |
FLM, poorly fired |
19g |
1315/B |
FLM |
2g |
1318/A |
FLM |
1g |
1286/K |
1 piece unclassifiable slag |
48g |
3 pieces SLRP |
||
748/C |
11 pieces unclassified slag |
135g |
501/D/2 |
FLM |
|
687/1 |
FLM/FAS |
80g |
693/1 |
Unclassified slag |
5g |
504 |
Unclassified slag |
74g |
1200 |
4 pieces unclassified slag |
21g |
2430/2 |
Unclassified slag |
5g |
2430/2 |
Unclassified slag |
4g |
1200/2 |
2 small pieces of FAS |
8g |
1200/2 |
2 pieces SLRP |
9g |
522/1 |
FLM, possibly crucible |
1g |
747 |
SLRP |
14g |
2430/2 |
FLM |
6g |
785 |
SLRP |
4g |
1367/G/1 |
Limonitic/bog iron ore |
17g |
1367/F |
Yellow clayey ironstone |
18g |
1200/C |
Yellow clayey ironstone |
7g |
1200 |
1 fragment oxidised marcasite nodule, probably iron ore from chalk |
|
890/1 |
Magnetic iron ore (possibly corroded metallic iron) |
17g |