"site_name","site_number","house_number","lab_number","raw_date_bp","error","calibrated_date","date_68_low","date_68_high","date_95_low","date_95_high","sample_location","sample_material","comments" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-101535",1170,40,,780,940,770,980,"hearth of rectangular building 1",,"At least three clay linings" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-113383",1450,40,,560,650,530,660,"lower fill of ditch below bank",,"earlier phase of boundary" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,52,"Beta-113392",1250,40,,680,860,680,890,"gully of house",,"gully below rectangular building 1" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-113402",1340,60,,640,770,590,870,"posthole under building 2",,"possible aisled hall below rectangular building 2" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-113403",1320,50,,650,770,620,860,"palisade slot in boundary ditch",,"enclosure" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123196",1270,90,,660,870,620,980,"drain to E building 2",,"stone-lined drain" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123197",1350,50,,640,770,600,780,"fill of ditch under midden deposits - structure?",,"possible ditch of timber structure with paving, early phase. In ditched enclosure 8m across" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123198",1510,80,,430,640,380,670,"fill of pit under building 2",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123200",1410,70,,560,690,430,780,"lower fill outer boundary ditch E side",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123201",1190,60,,720,950,680,980,"deposit below building near inner wall",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123202",1410,80,,540,690,430,780,"early metalworking trench T","charcoal","metalworking associated with early phase?" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123206",1230,50,,710,890,670,940,"structure overlying E enclosure ditch",,"partially paved structure, trench R2" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123209",1290,70,,650,810,620,900,"large stone-lined pit",,"midden? Lined with upright stone slabs" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123212",1360,50,,620,770,600,780,"fill of ditch outside enclosure, with burials",,"continuation of outer ditch on opposite side of enclosure" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-123213",1460,70,,530,660,430,680,"burial","human bone","leg bone from burial outside enclosure wall" "Porth y Rhaw",149,0,"Beta-124341",2420,80,,-760,-400,-790,-380,"fill 16 of cut 21 at rear of bank","charcoal","first defence on inner bank" "Porth y Rhaw",149,0,"Beta-124342",2430,60,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"hearth 9 on first bank","charcoal","first defence on inner bank. See SWAN-101" "Porth y Rhaw",149,213,"Beta-124343",1720,70,,240,410,130,530,"occupation of stone footed roundhouse","charcoal","contemporary with occupation, associated with BBW and Samian AD150-175" "Porth y Rhaw",149,216,"Beta-124344",2320,90,,-540,-200,-800,-150,"fill of later gully of 216","charcoal","stones in fill burnt before use. Post packing of latest phase of this house? Could be residual charcoal as wheel- thrown sherd in association" "Porth y Rhaw",149,0,"Beta-124345",2170,70,,-360,-110,-390,-40,"ditch XI to W of house 213","charcoal","earlier than house 213, date likely to be earlier than deposit - redeposition in fill for construction of 213." "Great Castle Head",158,0,"Beta-135350",930,70,,1020,1180,990,1260,"internal area butting retaining wall to defences",, "Great Castle Head",158,0,"Beta-135351",2460,30,,-760,-410,-770,-400,"scoop contemporary with primary defences",, "Great Castle Head",158,0,"Beta-135352",2610,60,,-890,-560,-910,-520,"post hole",, "Great Castle Head",158,0,"Beta-135353",2100,70,,-340,0,-360,60,"burnt layer behind defensive bank",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-138878",1320,70,,650,780,600,890,"re-deposited soil in bank of early enclosure","charcoal","pre-dates stone enclosure wall; palisade gully and bank" "Melin Y Plas",54,12,"Beta-152571",1250,90,,680,890,640,980,"silt of drip gully F78","charcoal (mixed species)","silted in after use?" "Melin Y Plas",54,0,"Beta-152572",2090,60,,-200,0,-360,60,"pit 464, in settlement","charcoal (willow/poplar and hazel)","dates refurbishment of house 11" "Melin Y Plas",54,0,"Beta-152573",1080,40,,890,1020,890,1030,"layer on cobbled surface","charcoal (hazel and blackthorn)","cobbles to W of house 11" "Melin Y Plas",54,11,"Beta-152574",1170,100,,730,980,660,1030,"drain F298","charcoal (willow, poplar et c )","later contamination in drain after use" "Melin Y Plas",54,0,"Beta-152575",2710,40,,-900,-825,-970,-800,"gully F636 possible building","Charcoal (mixed)","too early - bog wood?" "Melin Y Plas",54,0,"Beta-152576",3050,40,,-1390,-1260,-1410,-1130,"scoop or hollow F9, NW of site","charcoal (willow / poplar)","bog wood? Tree hole?" "Melin Y Plas",54,10,"Beta-156484",1940,40,,20,130,-50,140,"pit F162","charcoal (ash and sapwood)","pit in floor area of house" "Melin Y Plas",54,12,"Beta-156485",4440,50,,-3330,-2920,-3340,-2910,"posthole 183","charcoal (oak heartwood)","bog oak?" "Melin Y Plas",54,11,"Beta-156486",1910,50,,20,210,0,240,"hearth or hollow F69","charcoal willow / poplar","2nd phase of house, hearth?" "Melin Y Plas",54,11,"Beta-156654",1110,40,,890,985,780,1020,"drain","cereal grains","drain or inlet to house, medieval contamination?" "Newton, Llanstadwell",140,223,"Beta-182944",2870,40,,-1130,-940,-1210,-910,"1144 / 1145 entrance post pit","charcoal","roundhouse posthole" "Newton, Llanstadwell",140,223,"Beta-182945",3120,40,,-1440,-1310,-1500,-1260,"1169 / 1175 entrance postpipe","charcoal","roundhouse postholes" "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-185677",3570,40,,-2010,-1780,-2030,-1770,"posthole 48","hazelnut shells","NW entrance of palisade enclosure" "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-185678",4800,40,,-3650,-3520,-3660,-3380,"pit 142 outside enclsoure to SW","alder charcoal", "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-185679",4840,40,,-3690,-3530,-3710,-3520,"Early Neolithic pit 50","hazel charcoal","E of NW entrance, early Neolithic pottery, oats, hazelnuts, cereal, emmer wheat, barley" "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-185680",4870,50,,-3710,-3540,-3770,-3520,"pit 113 in enclosure","hazel charcoal","Early Neolithic vessels, environmental data" "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-185681",2250,40,,-390,-200,-400,-200,"postpit 9, fourposter","hazel charcoal","Environmental also. Fourposter in SE corner of enclosure" "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-189116",5080,40,,-3950,-3800,-3970,-3780,"posthole 64","prunus sp.","NE entrance to enclosure" "Llandysul",139,0,"Beta-189117",1790,40,,130,330,120,350,"posthole 87","prunus sp.","NE entrance to enclosure - spelt wheat also found (Roman)" "Arddleen",145,0,"Beta-190010",1530,60,,430,600,410,650,"nr. base of second recut 232 outer enclosure ditch","charcoal", "Arddleen",145,0,"Beta-190011",2020,70,,-110,70,-210,140,"primary fill 200 drainage gully 286","hazel charcoal","NW of interior" "Arddleen",145,0,"Beta-190012",870,40,,1060,1230,1030,1260,"burnt post 203 in posthole 204","oak","in roundhouse, but probably later than it. This posthole only one not sealed by occupation layer" "Arddleen",145,0,"Beta-190013",1280,40,,685,775,660,870,"fill 208 of first recut 233 outer encl. ditch 149","charcoal","first recut of outer ditch" "Arddleen",145,0,"Beta-190014",1940,70,,-50,140,-110,250,"secondary fill 260 drainage gully 223","hazel and blackthorn charcoal","drainage gully along SE side of house" "Arddleen",145,0,"Beta-190015",780,70,,1180,1300,1030,1390,"lower fill 239 of enclosure ditch 133","blackthorn twigs","intrusive" "Rumney Great Wharf 3",109,86,"Beta-46951",3080,50,,-1410,-1260,-1450,-1210,"house post","oak wood","dates house" "Castell Henllys",132,0,"Beta-71570",1850,70,,80,250,0,350,"layer late in annexe sequence","charcoal", "Castell Henllys",132,0,"Beta-71571",2230,70,,-390,-200,-410,-90,"possible roundhouse gully","charcoal twigs", "Castell Henllys",132,0,"Beta-71572",2150,60,,-360,-90,-380,-40,"burnt gate possible later stone phase entrance","wood", "Castell Henllys",132,0,"Beta-71573",2190,60,,-360,-170,-390,-90,"against walling of first stone phase entrance",,"over rubble probably from that wall" "Castell Henllys",132,0,"Beta-71574",2270,60,,-400,-200,-420,-160,"layer against wall face later stone phase entrance",, "Castell Henllys",132,0,"Beta-71575",2130,60,,-350,-50,-370,10,"post hole assoc with later stone phase entrance",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-77210",1430,80,,530,680,430,770,"boundary ditch fill",,"enclosure ditch of site" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-77211",1240,100,,680,890,640,1000,"black earth overlying posthole in bedrock","charcoal","trench E, posthole in area of levelling cut into rock, earth overlying this. This post hole in upper fill of a drain in centre of rectangular building 2" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-77212",1120,80,,780,1000,680,1040,"boundary ditch fill",,"enclosure ditch of site" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-90544",1720,150,,120,530,0,650,"gully",,"RB phase? 1996 excavation" "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-90546",1290,80,,650,860,610,960,"primary fill enclosure ditch",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-90548",1300,50,,660,780,640,870,"primary fill enclosure ditch",, "Glyn, Llanbedrgoch",40,0,"Beta-90549",1650,50,,260,530,250,540,"pit",,"RB phase? 1996 exc" "Dinas Emrys",34,0,"Birm-659",3250,100,,-1680,-1410,-1800,-1250,"post hole","soft wood","from earliest post-hole of stronghold (NB use of this date in Edwards and Lane)" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"BM01",,,"c. 50 BC",,,,,"F20 smelting furnace",,"Archaeomagnetic date for last firing F20 furnace" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"BM09",,,"25 +/- 15 AD",,,,,"F200 lining",,"AM date second phase of F200" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"BM10",,,"60 +/- 30 AD",,,,,"F200 lining",,"AM date last firing F200. Lining of final phase" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"BM11",,,"60 +/- 30 AD",,,,,"F209 smithing debris",,"Archaeomagnetic date F209 smithing debris on cobbles" "Clegyr Boia",136,0,"BM-1109",2370,29,,-510,-390,-760,-380,"Neolithic occupation hut and midden","charcoal","Date unacceptably late? Stratigraphically earlier than IA. Collected 1943, submitted 1973 by Grimes. (Burleigh and Newson in Radiocarbon 21)" "Clegyr Boia",136,0,"BM-1110",1950,116,,-90,220,-350,400,"burning contemporary with structure near entrance","charcoal","Collected 1943 submitted in 1973 by Grimes." "Twyn y Gaer",180,0,"BM-1118",2236,38,,-380,-200,-390,-200,"burnt fence under period II rampart","charcoal - birch","Was 2236 +/- 38 but had date recalibrated to 2236 +/- 50, new lab number not known. Final phase, Pd.1" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-1158",2151,31,,-350,-110,-360,-60,"occupation soil behind rampart, 0491",,"later than houses 67 and 68, contained briquetage" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-1159",2142,31,,-350,-110,-360,-50,"soil behind rampart 0489","mixed charcoal","midden / occupation soil" "Breiddin",79,67,"BM-1160",2108,31,,-180,-60,-210,-40,"floor 0485","oak, hazel, ash, hawthorn","floor of occupation deposit for house" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-1161",2141,28,,-350,-110,-360,-50,"refuse outside house 67","mixed: oak, ash, gorse, maple, hawthorn","contemporary with occupation of houses 67 and 68?" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"BM12",,,"50 +/- 15 AD",,,,,"F208 smelting furnace",,"Archaeomagnetic date for last firing F208. External to platform / ?structure 3" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-2966",4410,35,,-3100,-2920,-3310,-2910,"pit 20 (21)","charcoal","associated with Peterborough Ware" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-2967",4400,50,,-3100,-2920,-3330,-2900,"pit 16 (17)","charcoal","associated with Peterborough Ware" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-2968",4160,35,,-2880,-2660,-2880,-2620,"pit 132 (133)","charcoal","Associated with Grooved Ware" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-2969",4050,35,,-2630,-2490,-2840,-2460,"pit 154 (155)","charcoal","Associated with Grooved Ware" "Glanfeinion",90,143,"BM-2971",3040,40,,-1380,-1210,-1410,-1130,"pit 6 context 27","charcoal - roundwood hazel","located between post ring and drainage gully, seems contemp with house occupation" "Glanfeinion",90,143,"BM-2972",2960,50,,-1290,-1050,-1370,-1010,"pit 2 context 23 and 24","charcoal - roundwood, hazel","located between post ring and drainage gully, seems contemp with house occupation" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-3069",4060,40,,-2840,-2490,-2860,-2460,"pit 85 (86)","charcoal","contains Grooved Ware, cuts ditch that cuts structure 1 (house 31)" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-3070",4490,60,,-3340,-3090,-3370,-2920,"pit 500","charcoal","associated with Peterborough Ware" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"BM-3071",4590,60,,-3510,-3110,-3520,-3090,"pit 200","charcoal","associated with Peterborough Ware" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-798",2704,50,,-900,-815,-980,-790,"haft of axe","willow or poplar","socketed bronze axe no. 138 found in hillfort" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-878",2750,41,,-920,-830,-1000,-810,"rampart timbering",,"above paired postholes" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-879",2778,71,,-1000,-830,-1130,-800,"rampart timbering","oak","in-situ post in gully 0141B" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-880",2818,64,,-1050,-840,-1190,-820,"occupation soil behind rampart 0137","mixed charcoal","hearths" "Breiddin",79,63,"BM-881",2429,55,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"floor and wall line 0106/75",,"combined sample from gullies - BA contamination?" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-882",3826,106,,-2460,-2140,-2600,-1950,"pit / bowl hearth in interior 3641B","hazel charcoal","pre-hillfort" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-883",2059,105,,-210,70,-400,150,"late intrusion 1655",,"late intrusion, R / pre R in rampart" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-884",2188,70,,-370,-160,-400,-50,"four-poster F33 throughout posthole 3191","charcoal - ash?","not necessarily in situ" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-885",3024,62,,-1390,-1130,-1420,-1050,"soil with neolithic finds","mixed charcoal","Pre-hillfort, general sample, too late?" "Breiddin",79,73,"BM-963",2325,63,,-520,-200,-800,-200,"pit 3505","hazel","in house but dates pit not house" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-964",2244,40,,-390,-200,-400,-200,"four-poster F16, post-pipe 5084","hazel (old)","in -situ" "Breiddin",79,0,"BM-965",2122,45,,-210,-50,-360,-40,"four poster F13, post-pipes 1463, 1541/42","mixed charcoal","not necessarily in situ" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M02",,,"150 +/- 10AD",,,,,"F41 burnt clay patch. Site A",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 2" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M03",,,"210 +/- 15AD",,,,,"F37 smelting furnace. Site A",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 2. More dates unpublished" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M04",,,"200 +/- 30AD",,,,,"F49 smelting furnace. Site A",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 2" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M05",,,"240 +/- 25AD",,,,,"F28 smelting furnace. Site A",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 2 from lining" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M06",,,"75 +/- 40 AD",,,,,"F60 smelting furnace",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 1. Burnt soil, truncated by F73" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M07",,,"60 +/- 15 AD",,,,,"F73 smithing hearth. Site A",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 1" "Bryn y Castell",11,51,"ByC M08",,,"50 +/- 30 AD",,,,,"F73 smithing hearth lower part, Site A",,"Archaeomagnetic date phase 1" "Cyfannedd Fawr Arthog",31,43,"CAR 418",2005,65,,-100,80,-180,130,"hearth","charcoal","phase 2 oval hut dendrochronological calibration" "Cyfannedd Fawr Arthog",31,42,"CAR 419",1970,65,,-50,130,-160,220,"upper hearth pit","charcoal","phase 1 dendrochronological calibration" "Cyfannedd Fawr Arthog",31,42,"CAR 420",1740,65,,230,400,130,430,"lower hearth pit","charcoal","phase 1 hut, dendrochronological calibration" "Stackpole Warren A",146,121,"CAR-100",3350,70,,-1740,-1520,-1880,-1450,"destruction of house, context 130","corylus charcoal", "Bryn Eryr",10,,"CAR-1000",2010,60,,-100,70,-170,130,"pit 642",,"cuts phase 1 slot 882" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1001",1730,70,,240,410,120,440,"yard","charcoal","c. 2nd pottery" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1002",2120,60,,-350,-50,-360,10,,,"see CAR-945" "Bryn Eryr",10,39,"CAR-1003",1850,60,,80,240,20,340,"drainage gully 210 of house",,"c. 2nd pottery" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1004a",2160,70,,-360,-90,-390,-40,"lower silts of ditch",,"turf stack? Boundary phase 2" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1004b",2030,60,,-110,60,-200,130,"lower silts of ditch",,"turf stack? Boundary phase 2" "Stackpole Warren A",146,0,"CAR-101",2890,70,,-1210,-940,-1310,-890,"cremation 313 context 100","charcoal","post-dates house 121" "Stackpole Warren A",146,0,"CAR-102",2060,60,,-170,10,-350,80,"layer 315 context 315/495 (296)","animal bone","occupation horizon overlying site of standing stone" "Stackpole Warren B",146,0,"CAR-103",2240,60,,-390,-200,-410,-160,"layer 28","animal bone","occupation horizon in wind-blown sand" "Dale Promontory Fort",157,0,"CAR-1034",2730,70,,-970,-810,-1050,-790,"occupation deposit sealing early defences",, "Dale Promontory Fort",157,0,"CAR-1035",2740,70,,-980,-820,-1050,-790,"occupation deposit sealing early defences",, "Dale Promontory Fort",157,0,"CAR-1036",2760,60,,-980,-830,-1050,-800,"occupation deposit sealing early defences",, "Stackpole Warren A",146,0,"CAR-104",2110,60,,-340,-40,-360,30,"burial 364","human bone","crouched burial in pit from later IA/RB occupation phase, on site of standing stone" "Bryn Eryr",10,39,"CAR-1042",1720,60,,240,400,130,440,"drainage gully 210 of house",,"c. 2nd pottery" "Bryn Eryr",10,39,"CAR-1057",2830,60,,-1110,-890,-1190,-830,"early hearth in house 39",,"c. 2nd AD pottery, possible coal contamination" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1058",2240,80,,-400,-200,-420,-40,"fill 882 of slot or fence sealed by bank","charcoal","boundary, posthole 1 replacement of stockade" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1059",1950,70,,-50,130,-120,240,"base of pit or posthole near E perimeter",, "Bryn Eryr",10,39,"CAR-1060",2350,80,,-800,-200,-800,-200,"silt of ditch 440 below house",,"phase two" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1061",1890,60,,50,220,0,320,"ditch 908 alongside entrance track","charcoal", "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1062",1900,70,,20,220,-50,320,"pit west of house 38",, "Bryn Eryr",10,38,"CAR-1063",1960,60,,-40,130,-110,220,"surface in roundhouse",,"stratigraphically earlier than context, late c. 2nd pottery" "Bryn Eryr",10,38,"CAR-1064",1990,60,,-60,90,-170,140,"surface in roundhouse",,"late 3rd / 3. 4th c. pottery" "Bryn Eryr",10,38,"CAR-1065",1940,60,,-20,130,-60,240,"drain N arc of roundhouse B",, "Trostrey Castle",181,166,"CAR-1110",0,0,"910 +/- 60 ad",890,1150,880,1170,,,"Assuming 910 +/- AD is 1040bp" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1156",1680,70,,250,440,210,540,"corn-drying kiln","charcoal","latest phase" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1157",1840,70,,80,320,20,390,"fill of hearth in rectangular house A","charcoal","rectangular house phase III" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1158",1980,60,,-50,90,-170,140,"colluvium 11 to SW of entrance to house 21","charcoal","sealed by period II" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1159",640,70,,1290,1400,1260,1430,"colluvium 11 to SW of entrance to house 21","seeds and grain","sealed by period II" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1160",2000,60,,-90,80,-170,130,"colluvium 11 to S of entrance to house 21","charcoal","sealed by period II" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1161",2240,70,,-390,-200,-410,-90,"context 35","charcoal","pre-site" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1162",2070,60,,-170,10,-350,70,"?Hearth 101 in annexe to house 22","charcoal","with third to fourth c. pottery" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1163",2000,70,,-100,90,-200,140,"fill of drain house A","charcoal","drain in rectangular house A" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-119",2390,45,,-760,-390,-770,-380,"timber lacing of early rampart bank 1","young hazel charcoal", "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-120",2410,60,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"timber lacing of early rampart bank 1","young ash charcoal", "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-121",2410,60,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"timber lacing of early rampart bank 1","young ash charcoal", "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1218",2060,70,,-170,20,-360,90,"context 43","charcoal","pre-site" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-1219",1630,60,,340,540,250,570,"colluvium 11 to SW of entrance to house 21","charcoal","sealed by period II" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-122",2450,60,,-760,-400,-770,-400,"timber lacing of early rampart bank 1","young oak charcoal", "Graeanog",42,21,"CAR-1220",1770,70,,130,380,80,420,"hearth pit 84","charcoal","first phase, house 21" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1222",2052,70,,-170,30,-360,130,"interior drain 708",,"briquetage" "Bryn Eryr",10,37,"CAR-1223",1840,70,,80,320,20,390,"slot 3311",,"fence(?) that post-dates house 37, c. 2nd pottery" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-1224",1820,70,,80,330,50,390,"fill of pit east of house 37",, "Bryn Eryr",10,37,"CAR-1225",1870,70,,70,240,0,340,"post hole 3512","charcoal","in house 37, N area" "Bryn Eryr",10,,"CAR-1227",2910,70,,-1260,-1000,-1320,-910,"post hole E of house 37",,"not associated with any identifiable structure" "Bryn Eryr",10,37,"CAR-1228",2320,80,,-520,-200,-800,-150,"spread of charcoal E part of house, 3326","charcoal","latest deposit of house, with old roof material?" "Dinorben",35,157,"CAR-123",2430,60,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"burnt deposit on platform 38","oak charcoal", "Dinorben",35,157,"CAR-124",2360,60,,-760,-370,-800,-200,"burnt deposit on platform 38","mixed twig charcoal", "Dinorben",35,155,"CAR-125",2300,60,,-410,-200,-550,-150,"hearth on platform 39","charcoal", "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-126",2310,60,,-410,-200,-800,-150,"pit antedating curvilinear ditched structure","charcoal","hillfort interior B29" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-1262",730,60,,1220,1390,1180,1400,"pit hearth 200","charcoal", "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-1263",1660,60,,260,530,240,540,"layer 868 below floor of structure VIII","charcoal", "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-1264",1340,60,,640,770,590,870,"layer 868 below floor of structure VIII","charcoal", "Dan-y-Coed",163,131,"CAR-1265",1620,70,,350,540,250,600,"posthole? House IA",,"anomalous date in terms of chronology" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-128",2500,70,,-790,-520,-800,-410,"infill ditch 1","animal bones", "Meyllteyrn Uchaf",55,55,"CAR-1288",3000,70,,-1280,-1120,-1410,-1010,"burnt stone over eaves drip gully","charcoal","deposit covering site yard and house" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-129",1920,60,,0,210,-50,240,"fill ditch 3","animal bones","relates to extramural settlement" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-130",1475,55,,540,645,430,660,"fill of outermost ditch","animal bones","relates to extramural settlement" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-131",2170,60,,-360,-110,-390,-50,"silt fill quarried area under bank 2","animal bones","relates to extramural settlement" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-132",2050,60,,-160,30,-210,80,"silt fill quarried area under bank 2","animal bones","relates to extramural settlement" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-133",1810,50,,130,320,80,350,"fill ditch 2","animal bones", "Breiddin",79,0,"CAR-134",2175,60,,-360,-120,-390,-50,"pond","stick", "Pendinas Lochtyn",168,162,"CAR-1340",1750,60,,230,390,130,420,"context 34 in situ roundhouse post","wood charcoal", "Pendinas Lochtyn",168,0,"CAR-1341",2800,70,,-1020,-830,-1130,-810,"context 71","wood charcoal","isolated posthole in N corner of trench" "Breiddin",79,0,"CAR-135",2380,60,,-760,-390,-800,-350,"pond, pit 6252","twigs", "Llanymynech",92,0,"CAR-1353",2300,70,,-410,-200,-800,-150,"environmental - pond",,"top of sequence of peat core, associated with bovine skull" "Llanymynech",92,0,"CAR-1354",10270,100,,-10400,-9750,-10900,-9400,"environmental - pond",,"bottom of sequence - clay deposit" "Pant, Bryncroes",58,0,"CAR-1357",1970,60,,-50,120,-160,220,"hearth 7 outside house","wood charcoal","house 56 or 57" "Meyllteyrn Uchaf",55,0,"CAR-1359",5240,70,,-4220,-3960,-4250,-3820,"post-holes or pits cut into palisade ditch","wood charcoal","Neolithic features earlier or contemporary with ditch" "Breiddin",79,0,"CAR-136",1745,40,,240,380,130,420,"pond, pit 6421","twigs", "Meyllteyrn Uchaf",55,53,"CAR-1360",2910,70,,-1260,-1000,-1320,-910,"floor deposits to S of hearth","wood charcoal", "Meyllteyrn Uchaf",55,55,"CAR-1361",2950,70,,-1290,-1040,-1380,-940,"burnt spread sealing house 55 features","wood charcoal"," This postdates house 55" "Meyllteyrn Uchaf",55,53,"CAR-1362",2710,70,,-920,-800,-1020,-760,"hearth of house 53","wood charcoal","house 53" "Meyllteyrn Uchaf",55,0,"CAR-1363",2180,70,,-370,-120,-390,-50,"fill of holes or pit cutting through house 55","wood charcoal","cuts house 55, much later but contaminated?" "Mellteyrn Uchaf",55,53,"CAR-1364",2830,70,,-1130,-890,-1220,-820,"burnt layer over wall slot before silting","charcoal","after use of house" "Cwm Gloyne 2",110,0,"CAR-1382",1610,10,,410,530,410,540,"lowest fill from pit 78, structured deposit","charcoal","later used as posthole then post removed" "HenllysTop Field",159,0,"CAR-1383",1810,60,,120,320,70,390,"post hole 17, interior of site","charcoal","RB occupation in interior of site" "HenllysTop Field",159,0,"CAR-1384",1060,50,,890,1030,880,1160,"pit 36, possibly pre-defence?","charcoal","pre-bank activity, charcoal filled feature" "Bush Farm",12,40,"CAR-1404a/b",1620,42,,390,540,260,540,"recut of eaves drip gully 165","carbonized oak","uncertain, wood old, maybe deposited later" "Pant, Bryncroes",58,56,"CAR-1559",1690,60,,250,430,220,540,"hearth 214","charcoal","in doorway of house but probably later" "Pant, Bryncroes",58,56,"CAR-1560",1430,60,,560,665,430,720,"burnt layer filling eaves gully","wood charcoal","metalworking phase post-dating house" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-167",2770,60,,-1000,-830,-1070,-800,"pre-rampart occupation horizon","animal bones", "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-203",1600,65,,390,540,260,610,"outermost ditch","animal bones","relates to extramural settlement. Taken 1980" "Dinorben",35,0,"CAR-204",1550,50,,430,560,410,620,"outermost ditch","animal bones","relates to extramural settlement. Taken 1980" "Trelystan Round Barrows",97,186,"CAR-272",4260,70,,-3010,-2690,-3090,-2620,"cooking? pit 13 within structure B",, "Trelystan Round Barrows",97,186,"CAR-273",4135,65,,-2870,-2590,-2890,-2490,"cooking pit 14 structure B","charcoal hazel, hawthorn, rowan","Pre-barrow settlement. Associated with late Neolithic Grooved Ware" "Trelystan Round Barrows",97,186,"CAR-274",3985,70,,-2620,-2350,-2900,-2200,"hearth within structure B","charcoal","Pre-barrow settlement. Associated with late Neolithic Grooved Ware" "Trelystan Round Barrows",97,185,"CAR-275",4050,70,,-2840,-2460,-2900,-2350,"pit 1 within structure A","charcoal","pre-barrow settlement" "Trelystan Round Barrows",97,185,"CAR-276",3955,70,,-2580,-2340,-2700,-2200,"slot associated with hearth in structure A","charcoal - hazel twig","pre-barrow settlement. Western slot surrounding hearth" "Caer, Bayvil",154,0,"CAR-291",1290,60,,660,780,650,890,"cist grave cutting IA defences",,"unpub? Date obtained from K. Murphy" "Moel Hiraddug",93,0,"CAR-372",2300,65,,-410,-200,-800,-150,"main inner gateway","charcoal","main inner gateway excavated 1972. Blocking of period 1 passage, tpq for period 2 guard chambers? (Brassil et al. 1982, 85)" "Moel Hiraddug",93,0,"CAR-373",2360,65,,-760,-370,-800,-200,"main inner gateway","charcoal","main inner gateway excavated 1972. Blocking of period 1 passage, tpq for period 2 guard chambers? (Brassil et al. 1982, 85)" "Moel Hiraddug",93,0,"CAR-374",2380,60,,-760,-390,-800,-350,"main inner gateway","charcoal","main inner gateway excavated 1972. Blocking of period 1 passage, tpq for period 2 guard chambers? (Brassil et al. 1982, 85)" "Moel y Gerddi",56,0,"CAR-397",4590,80,,-3510,-3100,-3650,-3000,"feature 41 fill","wood charcoal","Neolithic feature" "Moel y Gerddi",56,23,"CAR-398",2350,70,,-760,-250,-800,-200,"feature 51 fill","wood charcoal","roundhouse hearth" "Broadway",147,0,"CAR-401",2410,70,,-760,-390,-770,-380,"pre-rampart occupation layer","charcoal", "Chapeltump 1",107,105,"CAR-402",2910,70,,-1260,-1000,-1320,-910,"stake from house","oak?","Round house. Post and stake circle c. 10m diameter. Radiocarbon date 960±70 be consistent with pot sherds" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-457",1870,60,,70,220,260,330,"occupation associated with turf rampart",,"rubbish post-dating house I" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-459",2210,70,,-380,-190,-400,-90,"enclosure ditch","twigs","Initial fill of enclosure ditch 4, re-cut" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-460",2190,60,,-360,-170,-390,-90,"enclosure ditch","stick","Fill of enclosure ditch 1" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-461",1790,60,,130,330,80,400,"enclosure ditch","twigs","secondary fill / recut of enclosure ditch 2" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-462",1980,60,,-50,90,-170,140,"occupation contemporary with stone rampart",,"rubbish post-dating house I" "Broadway",147,0,"CAR-465",2420,60,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"pre-rampart occupation layer","charcoal", "Bodringallt",186,0,"CAR-466",2100,60,,-200,-40,-360,30,"secondary occupation, interior","charcoal", "Bodringallt",186,0,"CAR-467",2120,60,,-350,-50,-360,10,"layer in ditch, primary occupation","charcoal", "Drim Camp",187,139,"CAR-473",1310,60,,660,780,620,890,"posthole 51",,"post associated with beam from probable house" "Drim Camp",187,0,"CAR-474",1900,70,,20,220,-50,320,"area of burning",,"feature of post holes and depression in area of roundhouses" "Stackpole Warren A",146,121,"CAR-475",3570,70,,-2030,-1770,-2140,-1730,"destruction of house, context 130","charcoal", "Stackpole Warren A",146,0,"CAR-476",3130,70,,-1500,-1310,-1530,-1210,"creamtion 313 context 100","charcoal","post-dates house 121" "Broadway",147,0,"CAR-493",2450,70,,-760,-400,-780,-400,"pre-rampart occupation layer","charcoal", "Moel y Gerddi",56,0,"CAR-525",4760,70,,-3640,-3380,-3660,-3360,"palisade slot fill","wood charcoal","first phase palisade fill, contaminated with old timber" "Moel y Gerddi",56,0,"CAR-526",2250,110,,-410,-110,-800,50,"features 18 and 19","wood charcoal","entrance of first phase enclosure" "Moel y Gerddi",56,0,"CAR-527",4540,70,,-3370,-3100,-3550,-2900,"feature 41 fill","wood charcoal","Neolithic feature" "Moel y Gerddi",56,0,"CAR-528",4030,80,,-2860,-2460,-2900,-2300,"feature 48 fill","wood charcoal","Neolithic feature" "Moel y Gerddi",56,23,"CAR-529",2290,70,,-410,-200,-800,-150,"feature 51 fill","wood charcoal","hearth of first phase" "Erw-Wen",36,0,"CAR-530",2410,60,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"colluvium against inside of enclosure wall","charcoal","Layer/context 2, colluvium against inside face of enclosure walland sealed by further colluvium (sample 81 SO01). Comment (subm): Should provide latest date for occupation." "Erw-Wen",36,26,"CAR-531",2660,60,,-900,-790,-980,-590,"feature 51 fill","wood charcoal","hearth in stone phase" "Erw-Wen",36,25,"CAR-532",2470,70,,-770,-410,-790,-400,"feature 4 fill","wood charcoal","timber roundhouse slot?" "Llanymynech",92,0,"CAR-534",2020,70,,-110,70,-210,140,"bowl hearth 21","twigs","copper smelting? 1981 excavation" "Llanymynech",92,0,"CAR-535",2170,70,,-360,-110,-390,-40,"pit 22","charcoal","copper smelting? 1981 excavation" "Penycoed",148,0,"CAR-555",900,65,,1030,1220,1020,1260,"upper fill 2 of pit 7","charcoal","overlaying levelled rampart" "Drim Camp",187,0,"CAR-557",1850,60,,80,240,20,340,"posthole 13, four poster 3",, "Drim Camp",187,0,"CAR-559",2410,70,,-760,-390,-770,-380,"palisade trench 152",, "Drim Camp",187,0,"CAR-560",1920,70,,0,220,-60,260,"post hole 249, four poster 3",, "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-561",1960,70,,-50,130,-160,230,"enclosure ditch","twigs","Initial fill of recut of enclosure ditch 4" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-562",2310,70,,-490,-200,-800,-150,"enclosure ditch","stick","Initial fill of enclosure ditch 2" "Collfryn",88,103,"CAR-563",2080,70,,-200,10,-360,80,"drainage gully of house","charcoal","Roundhouse gully 3524, fill of north terminal." "Collfryn",88,102,"CAR-564",2160,60,,-360,-110,-380,-50,"house drainage gully","charcoal, mature oak","Fill of layer in s. terminal of drainage gully" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-565",480,60,,1330,1480,1300,1630,"corn drying kiln","charcoal","medieval feature" "Arddleen",145,0,"CAR-571",1895,60,,30,220,-40,250,"inner enclosure ditch","charcoal, broom or gorse","1979 excavation, assumed ditch base but not fully excavated. Compares with ceramic dating of recut inner ditch" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-572",3790,90,,-2400,-2040,-2500,-1950,"fill of pit","charcoal","from Beaker pit" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-573",2050,70,,-170,30,-350,130,"entranceway ditch","charcoal","ditch in entrance to enclosure" "Holyhead Mountain",49,0,"CAR-5731",1410,80,,540,690,430,780,,,"Additional date listed in Edwards and Lane 1988, not entered from report" "Collfryn",88,104,"CAR-574",2070,70,,-180,10,-360,80,"drainage gully of house","charcoal","north terminal of drainage gully for house" "Collfryn",88,98,"CAR-575",2290,70,,-410,-200,-800,-150,"drainage gully for house","charcoal, mature oak","north terminal, old oak can give wide range" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-576",2100,60,,-200,-40,-360,30,"post hole, structure 29","charcoal","post built structure" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-665",1850,70,,80,250,0,350,"layer 1613 in yard",,"1st to 2nd c pottery" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-673",1000,60,,980,1160,890,1190,"pit 347 context 345","charcoal","medieval pit cutting house V" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-674",1920,60,,0,210,-50,240,"hearth 1177 area XI",,"phase E" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-675",1710,60,,250,410,130,440,"layer 868 below floor of structure VIII","charcoal", "Dan-y-Coed",163,137,"CAR-676",2050,60,,-160,30,-210,80,"hearth in house","charcoal","phase C, last firings of hearth" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-677",1650,60,,260,530,240,550,"rubbish deposts 168","charcoal","secondary fill of ditch adjacent to structure VIII" "Woodside Camp",171,126,"CAR-678",1900,60,,20,220,-50,250,"cooking pit","charcoal","roundhouse IIIC" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-679",3480,70,,-1890,-1690,-1980,-1610,"pit sealed by buried soil","charcoal","EBA activity at site" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-705",2080,70,,-200,10,-360,80,"burnt mound",,"probably associated with house 137? (phase B)" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-706",2070,70,,-180,10,-360,80,"immediately predating rampart","charcoal","contemporary with house 137, B or C" "Penycoed",148,0,"CAR-711",2005,70,,-100,80,-210,140,"packing 288 from posthole 290","charcoal", "Penycoed",148,0,"CAR-712",1975,60,,-50,120,-170,140,"layer 226 in bottom of boundary ditch","charcoal", "Penycoed",148,120,"CAR-732",1715,60,,250,410,130,440,"layer 23 from drain 19 of house","charcoal","from small roundhouse" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-733",1960,70,,-50,130,-160,230,"ditch post-dating second phase outwork","charcoal","rubbish deposits in late fill of outwork ditch" "Dan-y-Coed",163,0,"CAR-734",1900,60,,20,220,-50,250,"base of pre-rampart soil","charcoal","probable association with house 137 phase A?" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-735",2000,70,,-100,90,-200,-140,"beneath first phase of outwork bank","charcoal","below outwork banks" "Woodside Camp",171,0,"CAR-760",2200,60,,-360,-170,-400,-90,"layer in base of rampart","charcoal","burning contemporary with rampart" "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-761",2480,70,,-770,-430,-790,-400,"phase E deposits","charcoal", "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-762",2230,70,,-390,-200,-410,-90,"phase B occupation layer","charcoal","contemporary with house 141" "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-763",3280,70,,-1680,-1450,-1740,-1410,"pit 153","charcoal","EBA activity" "Penycoed",148,119,"CAR-768",2110,60,,-340,-40,-360,30,"layer 134 from drain 188 of house","charcoal","large roundhouse drainage gully" "Penycoed",148,0,"CAR-769",2025,60,,-110,60,-180,130,"layer 248 from trench 433","charcoal", "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-785a",2240,65,,-390,-200,-410,-110,"phase E deposits","charcoal", "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-785b",2140,65,,-360,-50,-380,0,"phase E deposits","charcoal", "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-786",2160,70,,-360,-90,-390,-40,"phase B occupation layer","charcoal","contemporary with house 141" "Holgan Camp",188,0,"CAR-787",2280,70,,-410,-200,-550,-100,"phase B occupation layer","charcoal","contemporary with house 141" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-812",2010,60,,-100,70,-170,130,"enclosure ditch","charcoal","secondary fill enclosure ditch 4 north terminal" "Collfryn",88,0,"CAR-813",2060,70,,-170,20,-360,90,"entrance","charcoal","drainage ditch in entrance to enclosure, phase 1?" "Woodbarn Rath",172,0,"CAR-825",2100,60,,-200,-40,-360,30,"rampart revetment","branches, from burnt hurdling","late phase of defences" "Woodbarn Rath",172,0,"CAR-826",2060,60,,-170,10,-350,80,"rampart deposit (feature 24)","charcoal","from enlargement of rampart" "Prestatyn",96,0,"CAR-827",1980,60,,-50,90,-170,140,"stakes around burial 680","wood","infant burial fence" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-932",840,60,,1070,1270,1030,1290,"corn-drying kiln","charcoal","latest phase" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-933",1020,60,,900,1160,890,1170,"corn-drying kiln","charcoal","latest phase" "Graeanog",42,0,"CAR-934",1040,60,,890,1150,880,1170,"corn-drying kiln","charcoal","latest phase" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-944, 989, 990",1878,38,,70,220,60,240,"upper fill outer ditch","wood","dates when enclosure ditch out of use" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-945",1960,60,,-40,130,-110,220,"lower silts, ditch on E side",,"boundary ditch, combined with 946 and 1002" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-946",2110,70,,-350,-40,-360,30,,,"see CAR-945" "Bryn Eryr",10,0,"CAR-947",2070,70,,-180,10,-360,80,"middle silts of recut of ditch",,"boundary terminal, E side" "Prestatyn",96,107,"CAR-962",2050,70,,-170,30,-350,130,"1513 primary fill of gully","charcoal","outer drainage gully around house" "Prestatyn",96,107,"CAR-963",2170,70,,-360,-110,-390,-50,"1770 burnt sand layer over gully 1451",,"should be later than CAR 962?" "Prestatyn",96,107,"CAR-964",1970,70,,-50,130,-170,220,"1583, over wall 1550 of house","charcoal","wall of house" "Prestatyn",96,0,"CAR-965",3270,70,,-1680,-1450,-1740,-1400,"1400 peat deposit below sand",,"deposit into which house 107 was cut" "Prestatyn",96,0,"CAR-966",1040,60,,890,1150,880,1170,"2082 stake from structure I2","timber","Stake-built structure. Dendrochronology post-dated AD60, definitely out of use before AD90-100, therefore date anomalous. Contemporary with house 107?" "Caer Cadwgan",101,0,"CAR-968",2360,70,,-760,-260,-800,-200,"burnt gateway to site","charcoal", "Caer Cadwgan",101,0,"CAR-969",2580,70,,-830,-540,-900,-410,"burnt gateway to site","charcoal", "Chapeltump 1",107,105,"CAR-992",3170,70,,-1520,-1320,-1620,-1260,"central post of house","birch", "Breiddin",79,0,"CAR-998",2170,60,,-360,-110,-390,-50,"pit containing torque 197 (7087)","charcoal", "Bryn Eryr",10,39,"CAR-999, 1043",1775,42,,130,340,130,390,"floor of roundhouse","charcoal","with c. 3rd to 4th pottery" "Biglis",121,0,"CAR-unk1",1830,65,,80,320,50,350,"inhumation grave 235, context 270",,"cut through second phase palisade trench prior to boundary bank construction" "Biglis",121,0,"CAR-unk2",1515,65,,430,620,420,660,"inhumation grave 326, context 387",,"grave in disused corn drier 424, latest stratigraphic event on site. Dated by pottery to early fourth century or later" "Biglis",121,0,"CAR-unk3",1980,65,,-50,120,-170,220,"rubbish pit context 537","bone","second phase, sealed by boundary bank. Deposition in third century - bone residual?" "Biglis",121,0,"CAR-unk4",1865,65,,80,240,0,340,"rubbish pit 544","bone","second phase, sealed by boundary bank. Deposition in third century - bone residual?" "Graig Fechan",91,153,"GrN-15835",2875,45,,-1130,-940,-1220,-910,"context 11 hut interior","charcoal - oak, willow or poplar, birch or hazel", "Graig Fechan",91,153,"GrN-15836",2840,45,,-1050,-910,-1190,-860,"context 11 hut interior","charcoal - oak, willow or poplar, birch or hazel", "Graig Fechan",91,153,"GrN-15837",2745,40,,-920,-830,-1000,-810,"context 14 within and under E wall of hut","charcoal - oak, willow or poplar", "Graig Fechan",91,153,"GrN-15838",2760,35,,-970,-830,-1000,-820,"context 14 within and under E wall of hut","charcoal - oak, willow or poplar", "Llandegai",50,0,"GrN-26819",2600,30,,-810,-776,-830,-660,"layer in ditch henge A into which RB features cut","charcoal (mixed, oak, alder, gorse, pomoideae)","indicated slow build-up before RB activity" "Holyhead Mountain",49,0,"HAR 4694",4170,80,,-2880,-2620,-2920,-2490,"hearth 113 near enclosure wall","charcoal","settlement external to T1 (predates)" "Holyhead Mountain",49,0,"HAR 4695",3890,80,,-2470,-2200,-2580,-2130,"hearth 1111 in occupation surface of yard","charcoal","settlement, external to T1 (pre-dates)" "Bryn y Castell",11,45,"HAR 4855",1990,70,,-90,120,-180,220,"F08/F10 iron working","charcoal","latest phase activity in house interior" "Bryn y Castell",11,45,"HAR 4856",2120,70,,-350,-40,-370,30,"Deposit filling post hole of house ), from house 1","charcoal","base of deposit from earliest phase of house 1. F14?" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"HAR 5218",2040,90,,-170,60,-360,140,"below F20 smelting furnace","carbonised oak roots","this external to structure 0. Revised date" "Holyhead Mountain",49,0,"HAR 5403",2560,80,,-810,-520,-840,-400,"midden 164","shell","likely over-estimate, 610bc (corrected 205bc)" "Holyhead Mountain",49,0,"HAR 5404",2440,70,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"midden 164","shell","likely over-estimate, 490bc (corrected 85bc)" "Holyhead Mountain",49,48,"HAR 5730",1430,80,,530,680,430,770,"hearth 90","charcoal","post-dates occupation? Or house much later" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"HAR 6233",1960,70,,-50,130,-160,230,"pit associated with F20 furnace","mixed charcoal and slag","this external to structure 0." "Bryn y Castell",11,44,"HAR 6234",2270,110,,-500,-110,-800,0,"stakeholes of F32 hearth","mixed charcoal","sealed by S. wall of house 45. Revised date." "Holyhead Mountain",49,47,"HAR 7081",1420,110,,440,770,410,890,"floor 17 of house","charcoal","floor of 47, late date c.f. house 48 and T4" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1122",2210,70,,-380,-190,-400,-90,"core of early rampart","charcoal","tpq for rampart A, 1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1125",2430,140,,-770,-400,-850,-150,"entrance posthole of stake-walled roundhouse","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1126",2510,100,,-800,-510,-830,-390,"posthole of post-ring roundhouse","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1127",2660,70,,-910,-780,-1000,-540,"post hole of anomalous structure","charcoal","circle of 13 oval stone-packed holes" "Moel y Gaer",94,241,"HAR-1195",3570,100,,-2040,-1740,-2200,-1600,"pit circle around pit","charcoal","circle of 7 postholes around subrectangular pit (shrine?)" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1196",2420,80,,-760,-400,-790,-380,"posthole of post-ring roundhouse","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1197",2560,90,,-820,-520,-840,-400,"posthole of post-ring roundhouse","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1223",2660,80,,-920,-760,-1010,-520,"pit in interior 5161","mixed charcoal","pit fill" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1224",2560,90,,-820,-520,-840,-400,"furnaces / working hollows in interior","mixed charcoal","tpq for backfilling" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1286",2320,80,,-520,-200,-800,-150,"four-poster F41","charcoal","digging out pit 7050. Tpq for pit refill" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1287",2320,70,,-520,-200,-800,-150,"six-poster S1, 7080","mixed charcoal", "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1291",2260,70,,-400,-200,-500,-90,"pond","hazel, buckthorn, oak twigs","spelt also" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1292",1980,70,,-60,130,-170,220,"pond","hazel and hawthorn twigs", "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1293",2350,90,,-800,-200,-800,-200,"postholes of post-ring roundhouse","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1294",2380,70,,-760,-380,-800,-200,"posthole of 4 poster in grid","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1295",2220,80,,-390,-200,-410,-50,"posthole of 4 poster in grid","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1353",2390,80,,-760,-390,-800,-200,"postholes of post-ring roundhouse","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1413",2180,80,,-370,-110,-400,-40,"four poster F39, digging out pit 7041","poplar, oak", "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1414",4420,90,,-3320,-2910,-3350,-2890,"pit filling in interior, 7017N","mixed charcoal","pre-hillfort" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1415",2510,60,,-790,-520,-800,-410,"rampart core","charcoal","As HAR-1761. Too early." "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1538",2520,80,,-800,-520,-810,-400,"pond","wood", "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-1562",2110,70,,-350,-40,-360,30,"see HAR 603",,"duplicate of HAR-603, for combined date 200 +/- 53 bc" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1615",2690,70,,-910,-790,-1020,-760,"rampart timbering","oak","post pipes, paired 0140/42/49" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1616",2760,70,,-1000,-820,-1130,-790,"rampart timbering","wood","post in-situ in gully 0141B/D" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1617",2050,80,,-170,50,-360,130,"four-poster F49, digging out pit 7117",,"upper part of F49 hole" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-1761",2690,80,,-930,-790,-1050,-500,"rampart core",,"above paired postholes, 0419. In situ?" "Twyn y Gaer",180,0,"HAR-2354",2320,70,,-520,-200,-800,-150,"fence around site","charcoal - ash and hazel","pre-dates rampart" "Breiddin",79,72,"HAR-467",2410,100,,-760,-390,-800,-200,"porch postholes 3704/70","mixed charcoal","not necessarily in situ" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-468",2190,80,,-380,-160,-400,-40,"four posters area B3-4-5","mixed","combined sample from 13 postholes not necessarily in situ" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-469",2120,70,,-350,-40,-370,30,"Four poster(?) F29 post-pipes 3623","oak","in situ" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-470",3500,100,,-1950,-1680,-2150,-1500,"bowl hearths under rampart","mixed charcoal","associated + rectangular floor? Pre-hillfort" "Llanstephan",191,0,"HAR-475",2450,90,,-760,-400,-800,-390,"gully fronting defensive bank C","charcoal", "Llanstephan",191,0,"HAR-476",2460,70,,-760,-410,-780,-400,"primary silt in defensive ditch","charcoal","earliest feature on site?" "Llanstephan",191,0,"HAR-477",2470,70,,-770,-410,-790,-400,"primary post hole beneath defensive bank","charcoal","probably timber for bank construction" "Bryn y Castell",11,0,"HAR-5036",1310,70,,650,780,610,890,"base of peat overlying internal cobble spreads","peat","shows date by which peat formation" "Brenig 6",83,94,"HAR-536",3070,90,,-1440,-1130,-1520,-1040,"hearth","mixed charcoal","directly overlies demolished house 94 (taq)" "Coed-y-Bwnydd",112,163,"HAR-546",2390,70,,-760,-390,-800,-350,"wattle of house L15","charcoal", "Coed-y-Bwnydd",112,163,"HAR-547",2350,90,,-800,-200,-800,-200,"wattle of house L15","charcoal", "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-603",2190,80,,-380,-160,-400,-40,"behind first rampart, below second","burnt twigs","tpq rampart B" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-604",2530,90,,-800,-520,-820,-400,"found TR front revetment first rampart","charcoal","tpq rampart A, packing in foundation trench" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"HAR-605",3590,80,,-2120,-1770,-2150,-1730,"rectangular area below early rampart","charcoal","sealed beneath first rampart. EBA occupation?" "Moel y Gaer",94,150,"HAR-606",2570,70,,-820,-540,-840,-410,"occupation assoc. with pre rampart post-ring house","charcoal","house sealed beneath first rampart" "Breiddin",79,64,"HAR-842",2270,80,,-410,-200,-800,-50,"floor and wall line 0206/32/34","oak, ash, hazel, hawthorn","floor surface with hearth, burning of wall?" "Breiddin",79,0,"HAR-843",100,70,,1680,1960,1660,1960,"outside wall line of house 66",,"!may extend beyond range. modern buried ground" "Llangynog II",161,200,"HAR-851",1820,70,,80,330,50,390,"area of burning 220","burnt wood","from area of burning at back of the main plaform. This date from possible second house" "Llangynog II",161,200,"HAR-852",1850,70,,80,250,0,350,"area of burning 220","mixed burnt wood","from area of burning at back of the main plaform." "Llangynog II",161,0,"HAR-853",1840,80,,80,320,0,390,"posthole 205B (site C)","charcoal, burnt twigs","layer B. This date from possible second house, but after period of use." "Coygan Camp",138,0,"NPL-132",5000,95,,-3940,-3660,-3980,-3630,"in pit","partly charred nutshells", "Walesland Rath",150,0,"NPL-244",2035,90,,-170,60,-400,250,"S ditch terminal","charcoal","With crucible, deposit from phase II" "Walesland Rath",150,0,"NPL-245",2160,90,,-360,-90,-400,10,"under bank","charcoal (oak and poplar)","Under phase I bank, contemporary with phase I occupation?" "Trostrey Castle",181,174,"OXA-4032",2490,65,,-770,-510,-790,-410,"context '176'","wood charcoal","Comment (lab): the determination unfortunately comes out on '1st millennium BC plateau' giving rather large calibrated ranges (eg at 2 sigma, c 795 to 410 cal BC). Comment (subm): date affords at least some assistance in placing this type of roundhouse in the series of different styles represented among the 25 houses so far identified; also provides some idea of the date of the structurally radically different house which overlay it and which was itself overlain by a Roman signal- or watchtower. Illustrates not only how rapidly architectural fashions could change in the pre-Roman period and 1st-2nd centuries AD, but also the way they tend to repeat themselves over a long timescale." "Trostrey Castle",181,279,"OXA-4753",1520,45,,430,610,430,640,"unknown '276'","charcoal","Not entirely certain if this the right house, sounds like it. (Notes on ADS): from one of 19 post holes associated with 4m diameter round house (hut south 19) at Trostrey Castle, Trostrey, Usk, Monmouth, Wales. Subm A G Mein 1994. Comment (subm): stake must be early medieval intrusion into underlying round house. [further extended comment in ref.]" "Trostrey Castle",181,0,"OXA-6205",2275,60,,-400,-200,-420,-160,"burial? In posthole","burnt bone '150'","Bone, id as cremated, T/C 150, from Context 150 at Trostrey Castle. Comment (subm): it has not been possible to identify as human these bone crumbs found with charcoal in this deposit, though the probability remains that this ritual burial in the bottom of a rock-cut post hole 20cm in diameter and 25cm deep was the deliberate deposit of a small sample of a cremation from some other area. [considerable further comment in ref.] (from ADS)" "Llanymynech",92,0,"OXA-6824",2375,55,,-760,-380,-800,-350,"inhumation","human bone","Child inhumation, grave 45. Found during watching brief (Owen 1997)" "Breiddin",79,0,"QL-1080",2200,90,,-390,-160,-410,10,"rampart core, rear 0457","charcoal","tpq for construction of section of rampart" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"SRR-494",2320,45,,-410,-230,-550,-200,"posthole of 4 poster in grid","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"SRR-495",3610,40,,-2030,-1890,-2140,-1820,"below earthworks","charcoal","below hillfort earthworks 1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"SRR-496",1878,45,,70,220,20,250,"quarry scoop behind embank palisade","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"SRR-497",4945,40,,-3770,-3660,-3800,-3640,"gully bounding flint knapping floor","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Moel y Gaer",94,0,"SRR-498",2965,35,,-1260,-1120,-1320,-1040,"posthole of small square 4 poster","charcoal","1972-4 excavation" "Porth y Rhaw",149,0,"SWAN-101",2470,70,,-770,-410,-790,-400,"hearth 9 on first bank","charcoal","first defence on inner bank, hearth associated with manufacture of Cu alloy objects? Associated with post pipe. Archaeomagnetic dating gives c. 2nd BC - c. 1st AD date. In use during bank's construction" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"SWAN-115",1640,70,,260,540,240,570,"hearth 195",,"heath over mound" "Rhydydefaid",73,13,"SWAN-126",2020,70,,-110,70,-210,140,"hearth 006","charcoal","latest phase of hearth" "Rhydydefaid",73,13,"SWAN-127",1970,60,,-50,120,-160,220,"floor layer 017","charcoal","earlier floor layer" "Crawcwellt West",29,30,"SWAN-17",3710,80,,-2270,-1960,-2400,-1850,"pit under house","charcoal","Bronze Age feature pre house, same date as cairn" "Crawcwellt West",29,30,"SWAN-18",2350,70,,-760,-250,-800,-200,"pit under central group of furnaces","charcoal","tpq for ironworking in J1" "Redwick",87,0,"SWAN-225",2930,70,,-1260,-1010,-1380,-920,"rectangular building 4: post 205","oak", "Redwick",87,0,"SWAN-226",2940,70,,-1260,-1010,-1380,-930,"post 73, south wall of house 2","hazel","from rectangular house" "Redwick",87,0,"SWAN-227",3060,70,,-1410,-1210,-1500,-1110,"rectangular building 1: post 25","betula","possible stake-built house intercuts this" "Redwick",87,0,"SWAN-228",2950,70,,-1290,-1040,-1380,-940,"rectangular building 5","oak", "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"SWAN-23",4470,80,,-3340,-3020,-3360,-2920,"pit 65 with Peterborough Ware","charcoal","within structure (house 31) but earlier. Associated with Peterborough Ware" "Upper Ninepence",99,31,"SWAN-24",4240,70,,-2920,-2680,-3020,-2580,"hearth in Neolithic stake-built structure","charcoal","Grooved Ware in hearth" "Upper Ninepence",99,0,"SWAN-25",4170,80,,-2880,-2620,-2920,-2490,"stakehole 18","charcoal","may be from structure 3 (house 276) but relationship uncertain" "Porth y Rhaw",149,0,"SWAN-286",2350,80,,-800,-200,-800,-200,"northernmost (cooking) pit","charcoal","pits N of house 215, probably related" "Porth y Rhaw",149,0,"SWAN-287",2430,70,,-760,-400,-770,-390,"posthole to S of house 215","charcoal","appears to respect 215, no definite post-built structure but substantial post" "Porth y Rhaw",149,214,"SWAN-288",2550,80,,-810,-520,-830,-410,"early posthole within house I","charcoal", "Thornwell Farm",100,0,"Ua-3837",1890,60,,50,220,260,320,"F552 infant burial","human bone","Infant burial in NW part of site" "Castell Odo",18,0,"UB2145",2290,50,,-410,-210,-420,-200,"domestic refuse of pre-palisade open settlement","ash and charcoal","calculated on Libby half lilfe of 5568 +/- 30 year" "Castell Odo",18,0,"UB2146",3180,45,,-1500,-1410,-1530,-1310,"as UB2145",, "Castell Odo",18,0,"UB2147",2435,110,,-760,-400,-850,-200,"palisade slot",,"domestic fires and destruction of palisade" "Castell Odo",18,0,"UB2186",2235,95,,-400,-170,-550,0,"forward expansion of layer 13 (UB 2145-6)",, "Thornwell Farm",100,0,"UB-3673",2333,71,,-540,-210,-800,-200,"F219/1337 pit under N bank","wood charcoal","Fill of pit sealed by northern bank" "Thornwell Farm",100,0,"UB-3674",2483,48,,-770,-510,-790,-410,"F220/1314 pit under N bank","wood charcoal","Fill of pit sealed by northern bank" "Brawdy Hill Fort",152,0,"unknown",2390,60,,-760,-390,-770,-380,"hearth in phase 4 (IA) ironworking",,"taq for roundhouse sequence in 1985-6 area?" "Brawdy Hill Fort",152,0,"unknown1",2430,50,,-760,-400,-770,-400,"hearth in phase 4 (IA) ironworking",,"phase 4 hearths ironworking" "Trostrey Castle",181,0,"unknownT",2325,60,,-520,-210,-800,-200,"cremation in pit","bone?","cremation deposit in rock cut hole, Iron Age settlement area" "Dinorben",35,0,"V-122",2845,95,,-760,-890,-1300,-810,"Period I rampart beam, below PII","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution?" "Dinorben",35,0,"V-123",2895,95,,-1260,-930,-1400,-800,"period O occupation layer under PI-II ramparts LVI","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution?" "Dinorben",35,224,"V-124",2485,85,,-770,-430,-800,-400,"floor of hollow betw. I-II ramparts + revet III-IV","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution? L VI destruction of period II rampart?" "Dinorben",35,0,"V-125",2715,95,,-1000,-790,-1250,-500,"hollow betw PI-II ramparts and III-IV revetment","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution? L VI. From period I rampart?" "Dinorben",35,0,"V-175",2100,80,,-350,10,-370,60,"under period II rampart burning","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution? LII 1967" "Dinorben",35,0,"V-176",2370,70,,-760,-380,-800,-200,"under period II rampart burning","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution? L VI" "Dinorben",35,158,"V-177",1670,80,,250,530,130,570,"overlying hut floor 18 XLIV","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution? 1965, rubbish layer from late Roman settlement, associated with third century coins and potsherds" "Dinorben",35,0,"V-204",2640,85,,-920,-560,-1000,-400,"upper fill ditch II contemp Period II rampart","charcoal","1965-9 dates, treat with caution? L VI before or contemporary with period II rampart" "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10153",4656,67,,-3620,-3350,-3650,-3100,"secondary fill of linear pit 025","charcoal", "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10154",3761,56,,-2290,-2040,-2400,-1970,"fill of posthole 512 posthole row 505","charcoal", "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10155",377,57,,1440,1630,1430,1640,"fill of a linear pit 510","charcoal", "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10156",4553,62,,-3370,-3100,-3500,-3030,"spread of burnt material","charcoal", "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10157",4024,68,,-2840,-2460,-2900,-2300,"fill of pit 523 west of hut 222",,"possible contemporary external hearth with 222 but this not proven." "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10158",4965,57,,-3800,-3660,-3940,-3640,"fill of posthole 536 in posthole row 552","charcoal", "Redberth-Sageston",137,0,"Wk-10159",4791,57,,-3650,-3520,-3700,-3370,"fill of posthole 553","charcoal", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15350",2372,40,,-520,-390,-760,-370,"1113, fill of ditch 1006","cereal","enclosure 1 primary silt, earlier than anticipated but could indicate early occupation" "St. Athan",111,285,"Wk15351",1814,46,,130,320,80,340,"1722 (a), fill of gully 1721","emmer","NW section of house drip gully, later than ceramic assemblage - contaminated?" "St. Athan",111,285,"Wk15352",1943,39,,20,130,-50,140,"1722 (b), fill of gully 1721","emmer","NW section of house drip gully, later than ceramic assemblage - contaminated?" "St. Athan",111,286,"Wk15353",2005,35,,-45,55,-100,80,"1049(a), fill of gully 1048","cereal","east section of house drip gully" "St. Athan",111,286,"Wk15354",2015,42,,-90,60,-160,80,"1049(b), fill of gully 1048","cereal","east section of house drip gully" "St. Athan",111,286,"Wk15355",2043,35,,-100,20,-170,60,"1187(a), fill of hearth 1186","pulse","house hearth" "St. Athan",111,286,"Wk15356",1783,34,,130,330,130,350,"1187(b), fill of hearth 1186","pulse","House hearth. Possible contamination from later deposits" "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15357",2272,35,,-400,-230,-400,-200,"1508(a) fill of postpit 1507","oat", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15358",2275,36,,-400,-230,-400,-200,"1508(b) fill of postpit 1507","cereal", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15359",1817,35,,130,250,80,330,"1570(a), fill of pit 1569","wheat", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15360",1881,36,,70,220,50,240,"1570(b), fill of pit 1569","wheat", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15361",2081,36,,-160,-40,-200,10,"1086, fill of posthole 1085","pot residue","deposit in corndrier, overlies houses 285 and 286 but pottery residual Iron Age" "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15362",2822,36,,-1010,-915,-1110,-840,"1689 skeleton burial 3","human bone", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15363",2029,36,,-90,30,-160,60,"1720 skeletons burials 4 and 5","human bone", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15364",2048,41,,-120,20,-170,60,"1135, fill of 1134, burial 6","human bone", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15365",2263,35,,-400,-210,-400,-200,"1486 skeleton burial 1","human bone", "St. Athan",111,0,"Wk15366",2235,35,,-380,-200,-390,-200,"1552 skeleton burial 2","human bone", "Cefn Du",20,1,"Wk-9273",1476,89,,430,660,390,720,"loam 1.5m to N of S1","grains (barley)","outside house, post use" "Cefn Du",20,3,"Wk-9274",2029,78,,-160,60,-360,140,"postholes under structure","wheat and chaff","before use, no stratigraphic relationship to above" "Cefn Du",20,0,"Wk-9276",1849,57,,80,240,20,340,"posthole F307, 9 post structure",,"9 post structure in settlement" "Cefn Du",20,1,"Wk-9277",2228,65,,-390,-200,-410,-110,"hearth F401","charcoal","final use of hearth" "Cefn Du",20,1,"Wk-9279",2000,70,,-100,90,-200,140,"silt post occupation",,"turf of roof collapse" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,5,"Wk-9281",1919,61,,140,210,-50,240,"poss. hearth 406","wheat grains","external hearth, with c. 3rd coin." "Cefn Cwmwd",19,5,"Wk-9282",1846,60,,80,250,20,340,"pit F451 from pre-house phase","cereal grains","pre-house phase of structure" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,6,"Wk-9283",1723,69,,240,410,120,440,"poss hearth F481","cereal grains","hearth in later phase of house?" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,0,"Wk-9284",2227,57,,-380,-200,-400,-160,"pit circle S1 post hole","charcoal","feature pre-dates houses, from settlement" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,7,"Wk-9285",1955,71,,-50,130,-120,240,"pit F655","charcoal","earliest phase of house" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,9,"Wk-9286",2144,62,,-360,-50,-380,-40,"internal floor","charcoal","occupation deposit" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,9,"Wk-9287",1759,57,,210,390,130,410,"drain","charcoal","later drain" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,9,"Wk-9436",2088,58,,-200,0,-360,60,"pit F675 pre house","charcoal","pits below house 9, earlier boundary?" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,8,"Wk-9437",1955,10,,30,68,20,90,"drain F393","charcoal","rebuilding of 7" "Cefn Cwmwd",19,0,"Wk-9551",2104,66,,-340,0,-360,30,"pit F114 or pit group S16","charcoal","With Neolithic pot, part of site pit group, possibly contaminated"