"assemblage id","% cattle butchered","cattle butchery type","% sheep/goat butchered","sheep/goat  butchery type","% pig butchered","pig butchery type","horse butchered","dog butchered","notes"
1,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"only cutmarks quantified. Cattle ribs and long bones chopped to even size (for cooking pot?). Cattle & s/g  breakage for marrow extraction. Disarticulation, skinning & filleting cuts on cattle, s/g pig. Horse & dog disarticulation & skinning cuts only."
2,"2","mostly cut marks","3.3","mostly cut marks",,,1,0,"food waste but generally no marrow extraction"
3,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,0,
4,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,0,
5,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,"no figure published but noted that most of butchery marks were on cattle elements."
6,"0",,"3","even","0",,0,0,"s/g, 2 butchered frags only"
7,,"even",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"quantifies no. frags with chops and no. frags with cuts but can't calculate overall no. frags butchered (unless all cuts and chps on separated frags). Cattle c.8% chopped, 7%cut; s/g c.1% chopped, 4% cut; pig 3% chopped, 4% cut."
8,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,0,
9,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,0,"not quantified in published report. Heavy erosion probaby resulted in under-representation of butchery marks."
10,"2.4","mostly cut marks","1","mostly cut marks","0.003","mostly cut marks",1,1,"only 1 pig frag butchered"
11,"3.8","mostly cut marks","1.1","mostly cut marks","0",,0,1,
12,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,0,"butchered bones from all three main domesticates but no more info than that. No butchered horse remains."
13,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,1,"cow, s/g, pig counted together - knife cuts recorded on 5% of bones, chops on 2% of bones. Dog shows only skinning marks, not other butchery, and this only in roman period."
17,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,0,
18,,"even",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",0,0,"lots of 'split' vertebrae and long bones, especially in cattle. Splitting more common than cuts or chops. Assumed long bone splitting for marrow extraction, and vert splitting for halving carcass."
19,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,0,"cutting, chopping and slpitting noted.  Low level of butchery marks c3% of all fragments, suggested that butchery minimal and meat cooked as large joints."
20,,"unspecified",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"unspecified",0,0,"butchery not quantified or discussed in any detail in this report. Specific patterns of burning on some cattle long bones interpreted as aiding breakage for marrow extraction."
22,"6","mostly cut marks","0.6","mostly cut marks","0.9","mostly cut marks",1,0,
27,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,1,"butchery not discussed in detail in this report"
32,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,0,
33,,"mostly cut marks",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,0,
35,"3","mostly cut marks","4","mostly cut marks","0",,0,0,"butchery marks may have been lost due to bone surface erosion. Mostly small incisions at prox & dist shafts of long bones & trimming of vertebral spines. No chopping/cleaver butchery. No horse/dog butchery."
36,"8.6","mostly cut marks","4.7","mostly cut marks","6.6","mostly cut marks",1,1,"chop marks mainly occur on vertebrae."
42,,"mostly cut marks",,,,,0,0,
43,,"mostly cut marks",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",1,0,
44,"13","mostly cut marks","5","mostly cut marks","12","mostly cut marks",1,1,"% butchered figures are minimum estimates based on cut mark counts. Greater prevalence of chops on cattle than s/g. greater prevalence of cuts on cattle & pig in MIA pits than LIA rubbish/burials."
76,,,,,,,0,0,"results given as general 'Iron Age' samples. Therefore C1st AD material lumped with C3-2 BC material and listed in this database under the MIA assemblage."
77,"10","mostly cut marks","4","mostly cut marks","5","mostly cut marks",1,1,"butchery info limited by problems of poor bone-surface preservation - probably biased against fine superficial knife marks, while heavy chop marks have better chance of survival. Typical IA/rural roman butchery techniques"
78,,,,,,,0,0,"report states butchery records available in archive but not given in the published/AML reports."
79,"11-15","mostly cut marks","3-5","mostly cut marks","6","mostly cut marks",1,1,"butchery marks typical of those prevalent on MIA southern English sites. Author notes full butchery records available in archive. Butchery marks tend to be more prevalent in the samples from the better preserved lower layers compared to the upper layers."
81,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks","0",,1,0,
82,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,0,
83,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,
84,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"in addition to 'butchery marks', it is also noted that 125 of the 218 horncores recovered bore sawmarks towards the horncore base."
86,"2.6","mostly cut marks","0.9","mostly cut marks",,,1,0,"horse butchery marks mostly on the pelvis, also femur and 1st phalanx. Cut marks, similar to those seen on cattle."
45,"6","mostly cut marks","4","mostly cut marks","5","mostly cut marks",1,0,"% butchered figures are minimum estimates based on cut mark counts. Greater prevalence of chops on cattle than s/g. greater prevalence of cuts on cattle & pig in MIA pits than LIA rubbish & burials."
46,"0",,,,,,0,0,"no butchery marks on any of the cattle burials"
47,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",0,1,"little butchery evidence noted. Some sawn horncores & antlers. Some cutmarks noted (particularly dog mentioned). Possible pole-axed cattle skull."
53,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks","0",,1,0,
54,"10-15","cuts & chops unknown frequencies","2.4","cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",0,0,
55,"10-15","cuts & chops unknown frequencies","2.3","cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",0,0,
56,"0",,"0",,"0",,0,0,"no obvious butchery marks on the bones."
57,,"mostly cut marks",,,,,0,0,
58,,,,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,
60,"<10%","mostly cut marks",,"unspecified",,,0,1,
61,,"unspecified",,,,,0,0,
62,"7","mostly cut marks","2","mostly cut marks",,,0,1,"chop marks were observed on cattle, but knife cuts predominate."
63,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,
65,,,,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,"skinning & disjointing marks."
66,,,,,,,1,0,"no details of butchery given in report, except to note knife cuts on two horse skulls."
67,"11.5","mostly cut marks","12","mostly cut marks","0",,1,1,
70,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"unspecified",0,0,
73,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",0,0,
74,"6","mostly cut marks","1.7","mostly cut marks",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,1,
75,"10","mostly cut marks","4","mostly cut marks","6","mostly cut marks",1,1,"samples are general 'Iron Age' & include C3-2 and C1st BC remains. butchery info limited by bone-surface preservation - probably biased against knife marks, while heavy chop marks have better chance of survival. Typical IA/rural roman butchery techniques."
89,"c.9","mostly cut marks","c.2","mostly cut marks","c.2","mostly cut marks",1,1,
88,"c.9","mostly cut marks","c.2","mostly cut marks","c.2","mostly cut marks",1,1,
87,"c.9","mostly cut marks","c.2","mostly cut marks","c.2","mostly cut marks",1,0,"chops more common around head and spine."
90,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"butchery as common on horse as on cattle bones. Burchery patterns similar to those seen at Danebury."
91,"16","mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"c.4% of identified bones bore butchery marks. Mostly cut marks from disarticulation, meat removal and skinning. Higher proportiond of large mammal frags were butchered (cattle, horse) than smaller mammals (s/g & pig)"
92,"9","mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"Mostly cut marks from disarticulation, meat removal and skinning. Higher proportiond of large mammal frags were butchered (cattle, horse) than smaller mammals (s/g & pig)"
93,"17","mostly cut marks","6","mostly cut marks","4","mostly cut marks",1,1,"larger species (cattle & horse) more commonly show butchery marks than smaller species (s/g, pig, dog). Chop marks observed but cut marks predominate (87% of marks). Chopmarks mostly on axial skeleton."
95,"10","mostly cut marks","1.5","mostly cut marks",,"unspecified",1,0,
96,"13","mostly cut marks","5","mostly cut marks","7","mostly cut marks",1,1,
97,"2","mostly cut marks","0.1","mostly cut marks","2","mostly cut marks",1,0,"butchery info limited by extremely poor bone-surface preservation. Marks very under-represented. Those marks which are present appear 'typical' of other IA sites in the local area (e.g. Ashville)."
98,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"detailed description of butchery in report."
99,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",1,1,"1.5%of bone bears chop or cut marks - mostly cattle & horse."
100,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"unspecified",1,1,"horse butchery shows skinning, meat removal and possible bone working. Dog skinning and possible meat removal. Butchery noted as more typical of Iron Age than Roman"
101,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"unspecified",1,0,"butchery includes halved skulls and longbones with sagital split or spiral fractured to extract marrow. Some chops to vertebrae and horncores, knife marks indicate meat removal."
103,,,,,,,0,0,"c.3% identified assemblafe (excluding loose teeth) bore butchery marks. Preservation/erosion may have obliterated marks. All butchery stages except skinning represented - supports idea that primary butchery occurred off site."
105,,"unspecified",,"unspecified",,"unspecified",1,0,"123 bones noted as 'prepared' (i.e. bore knife or chop marks), but uncertain as to whether this total included unidentified materail or not. Butchery noted as 'not common' possiblt due to poor bone surface preservation."
107,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",0,1,"butchery noted for 3-4% of records in zones 11-4, &1-2% inmore poorly preserved zones 14-12. Splitting of vertebrae (division of carcass into sides/chops) most common butchery, comparable to runnymede. Knife cuts from skinning, dismemberment & filleting."
108,"9","cuts & chops unknown frequencies","0",,"0",,1,0,
109,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,
111,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",0,0,"cattle butchery marks from disarticulation/ dismemberment. also breakage of long bones for marrow. S/g v. little butchery, except for marks on a horncore."
112,"7","cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies","2","mostly cut marks",1,0,"butchery marks from disarticulation/ dismemberment and filleting. Also splitting and breakage of long bones for marrow."
113,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"butchery data quantifed in report but grouped together for all phases, so can't quantify for assemblages of different date. Large mammals (cow/horse) more commonly butchered than smaller mammals (sheep/pig). Dog disarticulated as well as skinned"
114,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",1,1,"butchery data quantifed in report but grouped together for all phases, so can't quantify for assemblages of different date. Large mammals (cow/horse) more commonly butchered than smaller mammals (sheep/pig). Dog disarticulated as well as skinned"
115,,"mostly cut marks",,,,,0,0,"butchery data quantifed in report but grouped together for all phases, so can't quantify for assemblages of different date."
116,,"mostly chop marks",,"mostly chop marks",,"mostly chop marks",0,0,"butchery noted as similar to seen at nearby site of Bagendon, but differs from Ashville and Cirencester."
117,"3.5","even","1.7","even","0",,0,0,"sample too small to make reliable interpretations."
118,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"mostly cut marks",,,1,0,
122,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,
123,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",0,0,
124,,"mostly chop marks",,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,
,,,,,,,0,0,"noted that material appears 'prepared' (suggested for broth or glue) with bones chopped into 3 or 4 inch lengths, the larger bones split longitudinally."
128,,,,,,,0,0,"author notes that material appears 'prepared' (for broth or glue) with bones chopped into 3 or 4 inch lengths, the larger bones split longitudinally."
129,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,"unspecified",1,0,"skinning marks on cattle PH1s and s/g ankles. No evidence for marrow exploitation. Horse shows evidence of meat removal"
130,"6.5","cuts & chops unknown frequencies","2.6","cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,,0,0,"butchery marks mostly on axial skeleton."
131,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,,1,1,
134,,"mostly cut marks",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,,0,0,"s/g several vertebrae split centrally. Cattle occasional knife cut on long bone and on skull (suggested skinning)"
135,,"mostly cut marks",,,,,1,0,"horse possible cut (?skinning) marks on phalanx and calcaneum, but marks noted as ambiguous and may not have been caused by butchery."
136,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,"cattle butchered on ground, vertebrae trimmed laterally, ribs cut through caput. Filleting and disjointing of limb bones. Skinning marks on phalanges. Some axial splitting of metapodials for marrow"
137,,"mostly cut marks",,"mostly cut marks",,,0,0,"cattle butchered on ground, vertebrae trimmed laterally, ribs cut through caput. Filleting and disjointing of limb bones. Skinning marks on phalanges. Some axial splitting of metapodials for marrow"
140,"1.4",,"0.4",,,,0,0,
141,"2","unspecified","1","unspecified",,,0,0,"2 cattle and 1 s/g frags bore butchery marks."
143,"4","mostly chop marks","1","mostly cut marks","1","mostly chop marks",0,0,"very few butchery marks - poor surface preservation likely to have biased against cut marks."
144,"3","mostly chop marks","2","mostly cut marks","1","mostly chop marks",0,0,"few butchery marks - poor surface preservation likely to have biased against cut marks."
147,,,,,,,0,0,"9% of countable postcranial elements noted as having butchery marks. Poor surface preservation suggests butchery marks under-represented."
148,,"mostly chop marks",,"even",,,1,0,"cattle 7% chop, 3% cut; s/g 3% chop, 3% cut (but unclear what are overall % butchered bones for cattle and sheep, as cut & chops could be present on same fragments)"
149,,,,,,,0,0,"1.1% of all MBA frags (identified & unidentified)"
150,,,,"unspecified",,,0,0,
151,,,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,,1,0,"very little evidence of butchery. None noted on large deposity of cattle remains from context 6249 (probably whole animals deposited). Only 4 s/g frags butchered. 1 horse metapodial with cutmarks from skinning, rather than meat removal"
152,,"mostly cut marks",,"unspecified",,,0,0,
153,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,0,
154,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,0,
156,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",1,0,
155,,"cuts & chops unknown frequencies",,,,,1,0,