Shea, J. J. (2006). The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa, the Levant, and Europe. J Archaeol Sci 33 (6). Vol 33(6), pp. 823-846.

Title
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Title:		 The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa, the Levant, and Europe
Issue
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Issue:		 J Archaeol Sci 33 (6)
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Series:		 Journal of Archaeological Science
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Volume:		 33 (6)
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Page Start/End:		 823 - 846
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Publication Type:		 Journal
Abstract
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Abstract:		 The author argues that one obstacle to researching the origins of projectile point technology is that the criteria archaeologists employ for recognizing plausible and implausible stone projectile points are largely subjective (overall tool shape, microwear traces). Tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) is a ballistically significant dimension that works well at discriminating North American stone projectile points (spearthrower dart tips and arrowheads) from spear points. The paper compares the TCSA values of ethnographic North American stone projectile points to hypothetical Middle and Upper Palaeolithic stone projectile points from Africa, the Levant, and Europe. The results of this comparison do not support the hypothesis of widespread use of stone-tipped projectiles in Africa, the Levant, or Europe prior to 40 Ka. In the New World and in Australia, where there is a richer ethnographic record of stone projectile point use, these implements are largely employed in big-game hunting and in warfare. It is argued that one or both of these factors may have played a role in the widespread adoption of stone projectile point technology after 40 Ka.
Author
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Author:		 John J Shea
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 2006
Locations
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Subjects / Periods:
Arrowheads (Auto Detected Subject)
Stone Projectile Points (Auto Detected Subject)
Stone (Auto Detected Subject)
Stone Projectile Point (Auto Detected Subject)
Stone Projectile Points Spearthrower Dart (Auto Detected Subject)
UPPER PALAEOLITHIC (Historic England Periods)
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BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
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URI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403
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Created Date:		 15 May 2006