Fulford, M. G. and Allen, J. R L. (1992). Iron-making at the Chesters Villa, Woolaston, Gloucestershire: survey and excavation 1987--91. Britannia 23. Vol 23, pp. 159-215.

Title
Title
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Title:		 Iron-making at the Chesters Villa, Woolaston, Gloucestershire: survey and excavation 1987--91
Issue
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Issue:		 Britannia 23
Series
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Series:		 Britannia
Volume
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Volume:		 23
Page Start/End
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Page Start/End:		 159 - 215
Biblio Note
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Biblio Note		 Please note that this is a bibliographic record only, as originally entered into the BIAB database. The ADS have no files for download, and unfortunately cannot advise further on where to access hard copy or digital versions.
Publication Type
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Publication Type:		 Journal
Abstract
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Abstract:		 A report on work at the site beginning with `The geophysical survey' (162--3) by C Gaffney & J Gater. `The excavations' (163--83) produced six phases of evidence. An initial pre-industrial activity phase (I) was succeeded by the first iron-making phase (II) and a Late Roman iron-making phase (III), primarily characterised by the construction of a padstone building. Features during phases (II) & (III) include furnaces, ore-crushing units and pits. The final phases consist of the latest Roman occupation evidence (IV) seen as indicative of a much reduced iron production industry, and post-Roman activity (V-VI) taking the form of rubble deposits that could have resulted from robbing of the villa building.`The finds' section (183--6) details `The coins' (183--4) by George C Boon, pottery, querns, and sharpening and grinding stones. `The technology of iron-making' (186--98) covers the ores and fuels including `The Charcoals' (188--91) by Isabel Figueiral. Clays, furnaces, slags and the spatial distribution of residues are described and the combined evidence used in an outline of the iron-making process. The ensuing discussion section explains that the chronology is difficult to analyse and the duration of industrial activity at the site would have been 100--125 years at most. Chesters Villa iron-production is thought to have been of intermediate scale in the context of a mixed estate economy. Further comparative evidence is needed to refine the context and future interpretation.
Author
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Author:		 Michael G Fulford
John R L Allen
Other Person/Org
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Other Person/Org:		 Isabel H Holroyd (Abstract author)
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 1992
Locations
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Subjects / Periods:
Roman (Auto Detected Temporal)
Late Roman (Auto Detected Temporal)
Charcoals (Auto Detected Subject)
Geophysical Survey (Auto Detected Subject)
Villa (Auto Detected Subject)
Furnaces Slags (Auto Detected Subject)
Pottery Querns (Auto Detected Subject)
Iron Production Industry (Auto Detected Subject)
Chesters Villa Ironproduction (Auto Detected Subject)
1834 (Auto Detected Temporal)
Source
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Source:
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BIAB (The British Archaeological Bibliography (BAB))
Created Date
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Created Date:		 20 Jan 2002