Allen, J. R L. (2008). Later Quaternary Carbonate Diagenesis in the Severn Estuary Levels, Some Introductory Examples. Archaeology in the Severn Estuary 19. Vol 19.

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Title:
Later Quaternary Carbonate Diagenesis in the Severn Estuary Levels, Some Introductory Examples
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Archaeology in the Severn Estuary 19
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Archaeology in the Severn Estuary
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19
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Allen_2008_Later_Quaternary_Carbonate_Diagenesis_in_the_Severn_Estuary_Levels_Some_Introductory_Examples.pdf (1 MB) : Download
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Examples are described and briefly interpreted of four styles of carbonate diagenesis which have the potential to affect the preservation of environmental and archaeological evidence in the area. Local calcite cementation prior to the formation of a (?late glacial) head gave rise to irregular finger- to sheet-like bodies in the otherwi e unconsolidated Ipswichian shoreface/beach bioclastic sands exposed at Gold Cliff Island. Flushing by meteoric waters under toxic conditions was the likely cause. The roots of early-mid Holocene forest trees that grew on and penetrated the head on the slopes of the Island became encrusted with siderite-calcite, and these minerals were also precipitated as irregular layers. Meteoric waters were again probably responsible, but, in the presence of abundant plant matter, reducing and anoxic (but largely nonsulphidic) conditions prevailed. The modern high salt marshes associated with the Rumney Formation in the Severn Estuary are locallydecalcified. At Cake Pill calcite has been precipitated within the silts of the formation under oxic conditions as a number of horizons of calcite poupées. As exemplified by exposures at Awre, calcite concretions can also be found in saltmarsh silts of mid Holocene age. Decalcified silts of this date are known locally, but the timing of decalcification and concretion-formation in their case is unknown, but could be penecontemporaneous, like the occurrence at Cake Pill.
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John R L Allen
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2008
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09 Oct 2017