n.a. (1994). 5. The later Iron Age farmstead. In: n.e. Howe: Four Millennia of Orkney Prehistory Excavations 1978-1982. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. pp. 91-117.
 Title The title of the publication or report |
5. The later Iron Age farmstead | ||
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Issue The name of the volume or issue |
Howe: Four Millennia of Orkney Prehistory Excavations 1978-1982 | ||
Series The series the publication or report is included in |
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series | ||
Volume Volume number and part |
09 | ||
Number of Pages The number of pages in the publication or report |
305 | ||
Page Start/End The start and end page numbers. |
91 - 117 | ||
Downloads Any files associated with the publication or report that can be downloaded from the ADS |
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Licence Type ADS, CC-BY 4.0 or CC-BY 4.0 NC. |
ADS Terms of Use and Access
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Publication Type The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book |
MonographSeriesChapter | ||
Abstract The abstract describing the content of the publication or report |
A large collapse of the broch walls, resulting in the abandonment of the tower, marks the division between Phases 7 and 8, sometime during the 4th century cal AD. The tower was used as a dump and subsequently an iron-working shed was built into the rubble of the broch collapse. The focus of the settlement shifted to the NE building which formed the nucleus of a domestic settlement with a cluster of yards, interpreted as the farmstead. The focus then switched to a new stalled building in the W of the site and in Later Phase 8 back to the modified E building. These continuous additions, modifications and periods rebuilding are covered by 12 stages, 1-4 in Early Phase 8 and 5-12 in Later Phase 8. The main environmental changes which distinguished Phase 8 was the decline in the use of wood as a fuel and the substitution of heathy turves. There is a diversification in arable agriculture with the presence of hulled six-row barley, the appearance of flax and possibly cultivated oats in the farmstead. There is also a marked decline in red deer with greater reliance on sheep in particular in this mixed farming economy. Working in iron continued in this phase, with a late surge before its general decline. Antler working was still practiced and composite hair combs, previously found on other sites in later Iron Age/early Norse levels, were produced. Copper alloy jewellery continued to be important, distinctive objects from the earlier stages representing a period of the mid-4th to 6th centuries AD and from the later stages material ranging from 2nd century BC to 7th-9th AD. A gaming board usually associated with Norse levels was also found. The occupation of the settlement could have ended during the 7th century AD, but may have continued on to as late as the 9th century. | ||
Year of Publication The year the book, article or report was published |
1994 | ||
ISBN International Standard Book Number |
0903903091 | ||
Source Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in. |
BIAB
(DigitalBorn)
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Created Date The date the record of the pubication was first entered |
14 Oct 2014 |
