n.a. (2000). Blood red roses:. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Title The title of the publication or report Title:	Blood red roses:
Subtitle The sub title of the publication or report Subtitle:	the archaeology of a mass grave from the Battle of Towton AD 1461
Number of Pages The number of pages in the publication or report Number of Pages:	287
Publication Type The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book Publication Type:	Monograph Chapter
Abstract The abstract describing the content of the publication or report Abstract:	In 1996 a mass grave believed to be from the Battle of Towton (AD 1461) was discovered by chance. This provided the opportunity for the first archaeological excavation of a mass grave from an English battlefield and was the catalyst for a multi-disciplinary research project. The discoveries and subsequent research highlighted the often multiple wounds each individual had received before and, in some cases after they had died, and an important and controversial question that emerged as to whether the soldiers had been killed in battle, or executed as prisoners in its aftermath. The volume publishes the excavation reports and subsequent research, revealing information about how and in what circumstances the men died and the fighting techniques, weapons and armour employed. The first four chapters cover the site's discovery, context and excavation; five chapters then discuss the human remains; a further four examine the evidence relating to fifteenth-century arms and armour; and the final three look at the wider implications of the discovery, both in terms of increasing our understanding of what happened at Towton, and what it contributes to knowledge of medieval warfare. Includes
Issue Editor The editor of the volume or issue Issue Editor:	Anthea Boylston C J Knüsel Veronica Fiorato
Publisher The publisher of the publication or report Publisher:	Oxbow Books
Year of Publication The year the book, article or report was published Year of Publication:	2000
ISBN International Standard Book Number ISBN:	1 84217 025 2
Note Extra information on the publication or report. Note:	Is Portmanteau: 1
Source Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in. Source:	BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Created Date The date the record of the pubication was first entered Created Date:	22 Aug 2006

Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.

Chapter Title	Author / Editor	Page Start/End
The context of the discovery	Veronica Fiorato	1 - 14
The historical background to the battle and the documentary evidence	Andrew Boardman	15 - 28
The excavation and finds	Andrea Burgess	29 - 35
Recording the grave	Tim Sutherland	36 - 44
Physical anthropology	Malin Holst Jennifer Coughlan Anthea Boylston	45 - 59
Health status	Malin Holst Jennifer Coughlan	60 - 76
Dental health and disease	Jennifer Coughlan Malin Holst	77 - 89
Battle-related trauma	Shannon A Novak	90 - 102
Activity-related skeletal change	C J Knüsel	103 - 118
Weapons	Graeme Rimer	119 - 129
Archery	John Waller	130 - 136
Armour	Thom Richardson	137 - 147
Combat techniques	John Waller	148 - 154
The archaeological investigation of the Towton battlefield	Tim Sutherland	155 - 168
How has the Towton project contributed to our knowledge of medieval and later warfare?	Anthea Boylston C J Knüsel	169 - 188
Battlefield protection and the current extent of archaeological research	Veronica Fiorato	189 - 197
Appendix A: The Rose of Rouen	Andrew Boardman	198
Appendix B: Attainder of Edward IV	Andrew Boardman	199 - 200
Appendix C: Towton 96 -- catalogue of the palaeopathology	Jennifer Coughlan Anthea Boylston Malin Holst	201 - 210
Appendix D: the battlefield questionnaire	Veronica Fiorato	211
Appendix E: sites and monuments records consulted during the n...	Veronica Fiorato	212 - 213
Appendix F: indices of English and Welsh recorded battlefields...	Veronica Fiorato	214 - 239
Case studies	Shannon A Novak	240 - 268
Glossary of palaeopathological terminology		269 - 270
Diagrams		271 - 273