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J Archaeol Sci 34 (3)
Title
The title of the publication or report
Title:
J Archaeol Sci 34 (3)
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
Journal of Archaeological Science
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
34 (3)
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
The editor of the publication or report
Editor:
Karl W Butzer
John P Grattan
Richard G Klein
Thilo Rehren
Publisher
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Publisher:
Elsevier Science
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2007
Source
Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in.
Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
12 Jun 2007
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Abstract
The impact of manuring on nitrogen isotope ratios in cereals: archaeological implications for reconstruction of ...
Amy Bogaard
T H E Heaton
Paul R Poulton
I Merbach
335 - 343
Recent archaeological studies of human diet have used stable nitrogen isotope ratios (15N) from human bone collagen to infer the relative importance of terrestrial plant and animal foods. This approach is based on widely observed enrichment of 15N up the food chain, plants having distinctly lower values than the herbivores that consume them. Studies of early farming diets in Britain, Denmark and Germany have tended to detect relatively high 15N values, interpreted as evidence of a diet largely based on animal products, though archaeobotanical evidence for crop cultivation (e.g. carbonised cereal grain and chaff) is widespread. The paper investigates the impact of manuring on 15N values in modern cereals, and of charring on these cereal values. The results from two long-term experiments demonstrate that manuring significantly raises 15N in cereal grain and chaff. Depending on manuring levels and frequency, it appears that human diets with a major component of such grain would conventionally be interpreted as indicating a largely animal-based diet or a mixed plant/animal diet. Moreover, preliminary analyses of experimentally charred grain and chaff from manured and unmanured conditions are promising for the extraction of reliable ancient 15N values from archaeobotanical cereal remains. The wider implications of these results, and the need for further work, are discussed.
The application and misapplication of mass analysis in lithic debitage studies
William Andrefsky
392 - 402
The technique of debitage mass analysis based upon size grades of debitage populations is demonstrated to be prone to errors when making interpretations about the kind of tool produced or the kind of lithic reduction technology used. Significant sources of error may originate from differences in individual flintknapping styles and techniques, raw material size and shape variants, and mixing of debitage from more than one reduction episode. It is argued that these sources of error render debitage mass analysis ineffective for determining the kind of stone tool reduction activities practiced at excavated sites. The author suggests that mass analysis may be effective for determining artifact reduction sequences if it is used on debitage from a single reduction episode or part of a reduction episode. However, it is shown that mass analysis, when used for assessing reduction sequence information, must also control for the effects of raw material variability, assemblage mixing, and flintknapping styles.
Fur-bearing species and Scottish islands
Eva H Fairnell
James H Barrett
463 - 484
Analysis of a database comprising archaeological records of fur-bearing species in Scotland has highlighted the presence of foxes, badgers and other mustelids in areas outside their modern-day geographic range. Of particular interest is the apparent presence of foxes on Orkney for a number of centuries, from perhaps the last few centuries BC to the mid- to late-first millennium AD, pine marten on Orkney in the Neolithic, and badgers on the Outer Hebrides in the Early Bronze Age and sixth to seventh centuries AD. While zooarchaeological analysis of the data suggests the evidence from the Outer Hebrides is indicative of imported products of fur-bearing species, such as skins or `trophies', the evidence from Orkney suggests populations of fur-bearing species may have been purposefully introduced by humans. This raises interesting questions regarding human perception and use of the different species in prehistoric North Atlantic Scotland.