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J Archaeol Sci 33 (12)
Title
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Title:
J Archaeol Sci 33 (12)
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
Journal of Archaeological Science
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
33 (12)
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
The editor of the publication or report
Editor:
Karl W Butzer
John P Grattan
Richard G Klein
Thilo Rehren
Publisher
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Publisher:
Elsevier Science
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2006
Source
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Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
22 Jan 2007
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Abstract
Repeat silica extraction: a simple technique for the removal of PCR inhibito...
Brian M Kemp
Cara Monroe
David Glenn Smith
1680 - 1689
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors are often co-extracted with ancient DNA (aDNA) and when present make the analysis of aDNA difficult, if not impossible. In this study the authors review previous research on PCR inhibitors and techniques that address their co-extraction with DNA from sub-optimal samples. Additionally, they introduce a simple extraction technique, ``repeat silica extraction'', that effectively removed PCR inhibitors from extracts of 7000--8000-year-old human skeletal remains from the Windover archaeological site in Florida and 700--2000-year-old human coprolites excavated from Fish Slough Cave in southern California. A series of tests on these same samples demonstrates that N-phenacylthiazolium bromide is largely ineffective, despite previously reported success using this compound as part of the DNA extraction process. The authors also describe a method for demonstrating the presence as well as successful removal of PCR inhibitors by use of a ``positive aDNA control'', a test necessary to conclude that negative PCR amplification is the result of the absence of preserved DNA.
Problems and pitfalls in the diagnosis of linear enamel hypoplasia in cheek teeth of cattle
Horst Kierdorf
Jørn Zeiler
Uwe Kierdorf
1690 - 1695
Prevalence and intensity of enamel hypoplasia have been used as markers of generalized physiological stress during dental development in a wide range of mammalian taxa. The authors studied cattle (Bos taurus) cheek teeth exhibiting morphological characteristics that are of relevance to the diagnosis of enamel hypoplasia in this and other bovid species. These characteristics were multiple, more or less horizontally arranged (waveform) lines or grooves in the cementum of the tooth crown and the adjacent root area, leading to an imbricated appearance of the cementum. On macroscopic examination of tooth surfaces, these lines resembled linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH). Microscopic analysis of tooth sections, however, revealed that the lines occurred in the cementum only, and that the underlying enamel did not exhibit morphological irregularities. In cheek teeth of older cattle, a thick cementum layer is regularly found in the cervical crown portion and the adjacent root area. Apposition of this cementum is related to the uplifting of the teeth from their alveoli, a process that compensates for the shortening of the tooth crowns due to occlusal wear. In the studied specimens, a pronounced periodic nature of tooth uplifting and the related deposition of cementum is the likely cause for the observed imbricated appearance of the cementum. While this phenomenon may be misinterpreted as representing a case of LEH, presence of enamel hypoplasia in bovid teeth may be overlooked when the defects become filled with coronal cementum and are therefore not apparent on external inspection. This was the case in one of the cattle teeth analysed by the authors, in which the hypoplastic enamel defects were, however, clearly discernible in ground sections. Microscopic analysis of tooth sections is recommended for recording of LEH in bovid teeth in cases where macroscopic examination of tooth surfaces alone does not produce unequivocal results.
Evaluation of uniradicular teeth for age-at-death estimations in a sample from a Pampean hunter-gatherer cemetery (Argentina)
Leandro H Luna
1706 - 1717
Age-at-death estimation is an important aspect of bioarchaeological and forensic investigations. A set of analyses carried out with an osteological sample from a site in Argentina aims to test the applicability of multiple methods to obtain reliable information about its demographic composition and structure. In the paper the results of the evaluation of the structure of uniradicular teeth are presented and discussed. It has been previously stated that chronological age is highly correlated with pulp dimensions in these teeth, because dentine deposition continues throughout life. Strong correlation has also been identified with periodontal retraction and apical translucency. The analysis of the structure of these teeth offers information useful in obtaining age-at-death estimations of the individuals they belonged to. Dental age-at-death estimations of the control sample were obtained evaluating some skeletal markers (pubic symphysis and auricular surface of coxae), and then compared with the dental analysis. The formulae whose results showed strong correlations with the skeletal estimations were applied to another sample, composed of teeth that were not associated with any skeletal marker of age. The evaluation of premolars and lower central incisors offers estimations that are consistent with those obtained from the evaluation of the pelvic bones, so that the application of these formulae can be considered an alternative method to obtain estimations in archaeological samples from similar contexts.