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Hist Metall 41 (1)
Title
The title of the publication or report
Title:
Hist Metall 41 (1)
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
Historical Metallurgy
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
41 (1)
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
The editor of the publication or report
Editor:
Justine Bayley
Sam Murphy
David W Crossley
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2007
Source
Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in.
Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://hist-met.org/journal.html
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
24 Sep 2007
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Page
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Abstract
Romano-British workshops for iron smelting and smithing at Westhawk Farm, Kent
Sarah Paynter
15 - 31
Large quantities of ironworking waste were recovered from a Romano-British settlement at Westhawk Farm near Ashford, in the Weald. The waste was concentrated around the archaeological remains of two workshops, one pre-dating the other. Both smelting and smithing took place in the workshops, and several furnaces, a possible hearth and a working floor rich in hammerscale survived. The raw materials used in the production of iron at the site have been identified and the formation processes for different types of slag have been investigated through analysis of the waste. The scale of the iron industry at Westhawk has been estimated and is discussed in the context of Wealden iron production in the Roman period.
Investigation of a broken pile-shoe from a Roman bridge
R J H Wanhill
P A Seinen
R A Rijkenberg
H J M Meijers
32 - 39
A Roman pile-shoe from the Netherlands, made from four iron bars, had breaks in three bars. A sample containing one of the fracture surfaces was broken into large fragments with a hammer. These were investigated fractographically, metallographically, and by surface and bulk chemical analyses. The fractures were brittle and primarily intergranular. The metal was a coarse-grained phosphoric wrought iron with very low silicon, manganese and sulphur contents, and extremely low carbon content. This extremely low carbon content and coarse grain size indicate decarburisation during smithing. Furthermore, the combination of extremely low carbon and high phosphorus contents is concluded to be the most probable reason for the impact brittleness. This could have been facilitated by a notch effect due to surface corrosion. The significance of the embrittlement and surface corrosion is considered with respect to conservation of archaeological iron objects, including similar pile-shoes.
A review of metallographic analyses of early medieval knives
Eleanor Blakelock
Gerry McDonnell
40 - 56
The paper synthesises the metallographic data obtained from the analysis of iron knives recovered from both settlement and cemetery sites of early medieval date, c. AD 400--900, with the aim of reviewing the technology used in the manufacture of these knives. Data from seventy-nine knives has shown some clear differences in the manufacture of knives found in cemeteries compared with those found at settlement sites. Most of all, the data demonstrates the paucity of archaeometallurgical investigations of this vital commodity, and the importance of reviewing and re-assessing past studies.
When aluminium was equal to gold: can a `chemical' aluminium be distinguished from a...
David Bougarit
Jean Plateau
57 - 76
The paper considers the problem of dating aluminium objects with reference to the early `chemical' method of production and the later `electrolytic' method by means of which mass production of aluminium objects was possible. The authors describe the analysis by PIXE of seventy-one well-dated medals, jewellery, and other items of the period 1855--1916, and propose criteria based on elemental composition.
Scientific examination of zinc-distillation remains from Warmley, Bristol
D. Dungworth
Harriet White
77 - 83
Recent archaeological recording at William Champion's zinc and brass manufactory at Warmley has allowed the investigation of materials related to the distillation of zinc. William Champion obtained a patent for the production of zinc by a distillation process in 1738 and was producing zinc on an industrial scale from the 1740s. The Champion process enabled the production of zinc-rich yellow brasses which were widely used by the Birmingham `toy' industry. The materials examined include a fragment of a refractory vessel and a residue from zinc distillation. The results highlight the limitations of many patents of this period but provide some indications of how the distinctive process residues generated by zinc distillation can be recognised.