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Wiltshire Archaeol Natur Hist Mag 63
Title
The title of the publication or report
Title:
Wiltshire Archaeol Natur Hist Mag 63
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
63
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
1968
Note
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Note:
Date Of Issue From: 1968
Source
Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in.
Source:
BIAB (British Archaeological Abstracts (BAA))
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
05 Dec 2008
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
Access Type
Author / Editor
Page
Start/End
Abstract
Conservation and the countryside
1 - 11
Three memoranda prepared by the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society indicate the kind of positive role which should be played by county societies and other informed minority groups in the face of increasing pressures on land use. The first memorandum, to the Field Monuments Commission of the Ministry of Public Building and Works, gives recommendations for improving existing legislation for the preservation of ancient monuments. The other two memoranda relate to "The Countryside in 1970" and were sent to Wiltshire County Council; they deal with leisure in the Wiltshire countryside with special reference to 1) the preservation of archaeological monuments, 2) the conservation of flora and fauna.
Periglacial deposits on the chalk of Wiltshire
John G Evans
12 - 26
The deposits are assigned on faunal and stratigraphical grounds to the Last (Weichselian) Glaciation, and their environmental and archaeological significance is discussed. Almost the entire area of the chalk was probably once mantled with these deposits, whose destruction has taken place only since later prehistoric times. In EIA especially, clearance resulted in massive downhill movements of soil into the valleys and coombes. In upland areas the deposits may be preserved beneath archaeological sites, and for this reason test pits should be dug into subsoil within, as well as outside, excavated areas. The study has brought out several points; for instance, pre-Neolithic soils probably tended towards brownearth type and could have supported mixed oak forest. Cryoturbation structures can be mistaken for archaeological features, although extensive planning and sectioning should reveal their natural origin. In certain conditions, Late Weichselian "open country" fauna may be mistaken for the results of prehistoric clearance unless control samples are taken. Some post-glacial deposits have been utilised for building materials (eg cob) from Neolithic to modern times. Au(amp)
Iron Age and Romano-British settlement sites in Wiltshire: some geographical considerations
Desmond Bonney
27 - 38
The 271 known sites, when analysed in terms of siting, relationship to soils, aspect and height above sea level, reveal certain points of contrast between the two periods. However, thirty-six sites were occupied in EIA and RB times, sometimes with continuity. Of the 114 EIA sites, 88% are confined to the chalk, mostly of course on hilltops, spurs or hill-slopes. thirty-five of these chalk sites are hillforts and sixty-five are other types of settlement. Those off the chalk are on other light soils like limestone. The 193 RB settlements, only 63% of which lie on the chalk, are at a generally lower altitude than their EIA counterparts; the more peaceful conditions of the Roman occupation, together with improved technology, allowed the abandonment of hilltop sites and the exploitation of valley bottoms. For Wiltshire as a whole, nearly 20% of the RB settlements are in valley bottoms, and some relationship with subsequent (Saxon) exploitation of these areas may yet be seen to exist. Some fifty-five RB sites giving reliable evidence of 4th cent occupation are analysed separately.
Three deserted medieval settlements in Whiteparish
Christopher C Taylor
39 - 45
SU 231240; 226222; 262233. Difficulties may be encountered when trying to fix dates of desertion in areas of dispersed settlement. Whelpley, a five-acre site, yields no surface material later than 14th cent; but none of the many available documents explains the reasons for or date of desertion. Its chapel is described and planned. More, another five-acre site, is also well-documented but no date for its abandoment can be assigned between 14th-17th cents. Cowsfield Green, a shrunken village of six cottages and a manor farm, shows former house-sites around its green; no figures of population are recorded between 1086 and mid-17th cent. These examples are typical of many areas of dispersed settlement where the available documents give no assistance with population figures. Because such settlements usually declined gradually, only total excavation could reveal the date of their desertion; and modern farmyards and buildings have often destroved the evidence already.
Watermills on the River Bourne, South Wiltshire; the excavation of the site of Gomeldon Mill with a note on local post-medieval pottery
John Musty
46 - 53
Domesday evidence suggests that there were once twelve mills operating on a ten-mile stretch of the River Bourne, but only three survive today. Excavation of a possible site of one of the lost mills (Gomeldon) revealed a riverside structure, but evidence for a mill was inconclusive. Pottery from the excavation is discussed in relation to the known local post-medieval kilns, especially Verwood (Dorset) of which an account is given. Au
The Cherhill barn
Stuart Eboral Rigold
58 - 65
SU 039704. A description with plan and sections of the Great Barn at Cherhill (Wilts), demolished in 1956. The earliest parts of the fabric may have dated from early 14th cent, with some ?16th cent rebuilding and extensive repairs in 1868. The barn would be appropriate to a manor producing for export. The suggested reconstruction has two passage bays and two threshing floors, perhaps for wheat and barley. The eight bays (total length 110ft) had two types of transverse framing: aisled frames with inset posts supporting the main plates running under the ends of the tiebeams, and four "base-cruck" trusses. The aisle posts were unusually massive, up to 16in square, chamfered, with straight lateral braces. The base-cruck blades did not taper at the foot and were 18in square. Posts and cruck-blades rested on chamfered sarsen stylobates. The ?16th cent stud-and-panel side walls formed perhaps the longest run of such walling known in England. Cherhill was perhaps the most westerly of the broad, aisled timber barns whose extensive distribution runs eastwards to Kent and Essex. MB-E
