Collins, M., Keen, D., Penkman, K. and Preece, R. (2008). British Aggregates: An Improved Chronology of Using Amino Acid Racemization and Degradation of Intracrystalline Amino Acid. Fort Cumberland: Historic England. https://doi.org/10.5284/1033779. Cite this using datacite

Title The title of the publication or report Title:	British Aggregates: An Improved Chronology of Using Amino Acid Racemization and Degradation of Intracrystalline Amino Acid
Series The series the publication or report is included in Series:	Historic England Research Reports
Downloads Any files associated with the publication or report that can be downloaded from the ADS Downloads:	englishh2-108176.pdf (904 kB) : Download
Licence Type ADS, CC-BY 4.0 or CC-BY 4.0 NC. Licence Type:	ADS Terms of Use and Access
DOI The DOI (digital object identifier) for the publication or report. DOI	https://doi.org/10.5284/1033779
Publication Type The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book Publication Type:	Report (in Series)
Abstract The abstract describing the content of the publication or report Abstract:	The project assessed the utility of a novel method of amino acid racemization analysis (Intracrystalline Protein Degradation, or IcPD, analysis of intracrystalline proteins) and interpretation on the calcitic opercula of the gastropod Bithynia. The new technique combines a Reverse-Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography method (Kaufman and Manley 1998) with the isolation of an 'intra-crystalline' fraction of amino acids by bleach treatment (Sykes et al 1995), resulting in the analysis of D/L values of multiple amino acids from the chemically protected organic matter within the biomineral, enabling both decreased sample sizes and increased reliability. This study has shown that the intra-crystalline fraction within calcitic fossils, such as the opercula of the freshwater prosobranch Bithynia, provides tighter clustering of amino acid data than obtainable from shells composed of aragonite (Penkman 2005). The study shows that, using the IcPD approach, it is possible to provide relative age estimates of different aggregate deposits in England, and to relate these ages to the marine oxygen isotope record, so that it is possible to link aggregates to specific phases of the British Quaternary, beyond that which is possible using radiocarbon dating. The work has enabled us to identify the earliest human occupation in northern Europe (Parfitt et al 2005).
Author The authors of this publication or report Author:	M. Collins Dawn Keen Kirsty Penkman R Preece
Publisher The publisher of the publication or report Publisher:	Historic England
Other Person/Org Other people or organisations for this publication or report Other Person/Org:	Historic England (OASIS Reviewer) Chichester District Archaeological Services (OASIS Reviewer)
Year of Publication The year the book, article or report was published Year of Publication:	2008
Locations Any locations covered by the publication or report. This is not the place the book or report was published. Locations:	Site: Eartham Pit Parish: BOXGROVE District: Chichester County: West Sussex Country: England Grid Reference: 492300, 108700 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods Subjects / Periods associated with this record. Subjects / Periods:	PALAEOLITHIC (Historic England Periods) Mollusc (Find) PALAEOLITHIC (Historic England Periods) SITE (Monument Type England) FIELD SURVEY (Event)
Identifiers Identifiers associated with the publication. These might include DOIs, site codes, Monument Identifiers etc. Identifiers:	OASIS Id: englishh2-108176 OBIB: 6/2008
Note Extra information on the publication or report. Note:	A4 heat-bound report of 68pp (ISSN 1749 8775)
Source Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in. Source:	OASIS (OASIS)
Relations Other resources which are relevant to this publication or report Relations:
Created Date The date the record of the pubication was first entered Created Date:	24 Nov 2016

---