Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 97 (series 2)

Reports work on a small annular earthwork apparently the focus for ritual and burial throughout the Neo and EBA and constructed in four main phases. Two third millennium BC concentric timber-post-circles were demolished and the tops of the post pits sealed by substantial settings of boulders. This in turn was succeeded by a simple ring-cairn in the EBA, to which was later added a rectangular platform of boulders with a feature like a facade on one side of the ring-cairn. A long sequence of ceremonial activity is indicated, to which considerable funerary activity may be regarded as secondary in importance. There are notes on `Identification of charcoal samples' by Jennifer Jones (23), `Pollen analysis' by Samantha Chinn (23--5), `The lithic material' by Robert Young (26--9), and `The human remains' by Mandy Marlow (32--9).

Reports two watching/recording briefs at the site in advance of building work across the Wall ditch and the consolidation of newly exposed length of Wall.

Details its management and exploitation from the medieval period to the end of the eighteenth century.

Details one of three monuments erected by Anne Clifford in memory of her mother -- this one located at their last meeting place where Brougham Castle drive meets the Penrith to Appleby road (Cumb).

Reports archaeological survey and recording of this apparently late fifteenth- to early sixteenth-century earthwork, before reconstruction work on the sea defences. Although possibly predominantly a late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century reconstruction, a complex of lateral timbers at the northern end may suggest an earlier, medieval, phase.

Records forty new sites, identified after the publication of an earlier paper (see 92/974), and now registered with the International Bee Research Association (IBRA). An appendix provides a list of sites (237--8).

Notes hoards and casual finds.

Notes a rectangular ruined structure situated between Boredale (Martindale) and Patterdale. It was probably, but not certainly, a chapel and its date is not known.

Considers the evidence for attributing this building to this builder.

Considers the possible role of Sockbridge battling stones, and their ilk, as utensils for removing lye after fulling. If this is so, more examples may be found in the vicinity of fulling mills.