Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 98 (series 2)

Geophysical survey and excavation of Milefortlet 21 at Swarthy Hill (also known locally as Primrose Hill or Bank). Work established that the site had only one period of construction and occupation, probably in the Hadrianic period. This is seen as consistent with the evidence from other Solway sites and indicative of the permanent removal from commission of the sites in this sector after reappraisal of the military need at the time of the first re-occupation of the Tyne-Solway frontier. Includes:

Small-scale excavation revealed that though the cropmark site did not conform to the usual RB pattern, occupation probably ranged between the second and fourth centuries AD. The shape may be the result of re-occupation of a prehistoric site. Includes:

Reports survey, excavation and watching brief work undertaken between 1992 and 1994 by the Lancaster University Archaeological Unit on a six kilometre stretch of road. The course of the road approximates the Roman route over the Pennines between Bowes (Co Durham) and Brough (Cumbria). Survey revealed sites pertaining to communications, land division, agrarian activity, mineral extraction and settlement. Excavation was undertaken at Augill Bridge (a possible medieval deer park boundary ditch and bank), Cooper House (where eight areas were opened up across an east--west stone-revetted terrace thought to be the line of the Roman road), Craco Farm's post-medieval house and farm buildings. The watching brief during topsoil stripping did not reveal any new sites.

including

Describes eight stone-built, igloo-shaped fox traps, mostly in the southern and western fells, and notes that they are distinguished from goose bields. The majority are sited near borrans, where foxes go to earth. The fox traps slid into disuse once stags had been hunted to near-extinction and foxes became a focus for hunters (circa early-nineteenth century onwards).

Convex-flanged axe.

Sub-rectangular double-walled building. Insufficient evidence to securely date it.

Four pieces, all ecclesiastical in origin (almost certainly from Franciscan Greyfriars).