Boismier, W. A., Gamble, C. and Coward, F. (2012). Neanderthals Among Mammoths. Excavations at Lynford Quarry, Norfolk. London: English Heritage. https://doi.org/10.5284/1039453.

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Title:		 Neanderthals Among Mammoths. Excavations at Lynford Quarry, Norfolk
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Number of Pages:		 529
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neanderthals-among-mammoths.pdf (34 MB) : Download
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Publication Type:		 Monograph Chapter
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Abstract:		 In spring 2002 mammoth bones and stone tools were discovered in situ at Lynford Quarry, near Munford village, Norfolk, UK. The finds lay within rich organic sediments of an ancient stream channel. It was immediately realised that Lynford was a site of great international significance for the study of the most distinctive of human ancestors, Neanderthals.A detailed archaeological excavation was undertaken with support from Ayton Asphalte, the quarry owners, and English Heritage, funded through the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund (ALSF). A large team of archaeologists and quaternary scientists recovered exceptionally well-preserved Palaeolithic and palaeoenvironmental information. More than 1,000 mammoth bones representing at least 11 individuals were excavated along with other fauna and more than 2,500 stone artefacts. Among these the large number of complete and broken handaxes marks Lynford as special in the Palaeolithic of Britain and northern Europe. The quality of the preservation made it possible to undertake full investigation of the way the deposits had been formed and how the animal bones and stones tools had come to be incorporated in them.The association of woolly mammoth bones with Middle Palaeolithic bifaces, including distinctive bout coupé handaxes, and the wealth of palaeoecological data – mammal remains, beetles, pollen and mollusca – make Lynford the most important British site for studying when and how Neanderthals occupied the cold, open environments of what 60,000 years ago was a peninsula of north-west Europe. These data provide a unique opportunity to investigate questions of Neanderthal hunting strategies and patterns of land use and to draw wider conclusions about their social structure in a demanding region of Ice Age Europe.
Author
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Author:		 William A Boismier
Clive Gamble
Fiona Coward
Publisher
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Publisher:		 English Heritage
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 2012
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ISBN:		 978-1-84802-063-4
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Locations:
Country: England
County: Norfolk
District: Breckland
Parish: Mundford
Place: Lynford Quarry
Grid Reference: 582390, 294820 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
EXCAVATION (Event)
BUTCHERED ANIMAL REMAINS (Object England)
HANDAXE (Object England)
PLANT REMAINS (Object England)
POLLEN (Object England)
PALAEOCHANNEL (Monus)
UPPER PALAEOLITHIC (Historic England Periods)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5284/1039453
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Created Date:		 24 Jan 2018