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Internet Archaeology 33: Portable Antiquities: archaeology, collecting, metal detecting
Title
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Title:
Internet Archaeology 33: Portable Antiquities: archaeology, collecting, metal detecting
Series
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Series:
Internet Archaeology
Volume
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Volume:
33
Licence Type
ADS, CC-BY 4.0 or CC-BY 4.0 NC.
Licence Type:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
International Licence
Publication Type
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Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
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Editor:
Judith Winters
Issue Editor
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Issue Editor:
Suzie Thomas
Stuart D Campbell
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:
2013
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Source:
ADS Library (ADS Library)
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URI:
http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue33/index.html
Created Date
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Created Date:
26 Mar 2019
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Abstract
Biting the bullet: the role of hobbyist metal detecting within battlefield archaeology
Natasha Ferguson
In the UK battlefields are becoming more frequently associated with the label 'heritage at risk'. As the concept of battlefield and conflict archaeology has evolved, so too has the recognition that battlefields are dynamic, yet fragile, archaeological landscapes in need of protection. The tangible evidence of battle is primarily identified by distributions of artefacts held within the topsoil, such as lead projectiles, weapon fragments or buttons torn from clothing; debris strewn in the heat of battle. Much of the battlefield therefore remains as a faint footprint and, where it survives, may provide valuable information, if recorded accurately.The unrecorded removal of artefacts from battlefields and other sites of conflict is a key issue in the management and conservation of this unique archaeological heritage. With a particular focus on current doctoral research, this paper aims to address the role of metal detecting in the UK as an important factor in this equation, having both a positive and negative impact on battlefield archaeology. Furthermore it will also consider the nature of metal detecting on UK battlefields; the perceived value of battle-related artefacts; the quality of information available for recording material from such sites, and what may co-operatively be achieved.
Can we really differentiate between treasure hunters and non-professional archaeologists?
Jean-Olivier Gransard-Desmond
Since February 2010, the issue of Users of Metal Detectors (UMDs) has been a hot topic in France. If the issue unleashed passions, although this has not really been reflected in the French media, a question is implicitly linked to the subject: apart from preventing the very real danger of new archaeological sites being destroyed, will this spell the end of amateur archaeology? With the creation of the National Archaeological Excavations Association (INRAP) in 1973, which became a public service called the National Institute for Preventative Archaeological Research in 2002, coupled with the growth of private companies in archaeology, the professionalisation of French archaeology has significantly changed the relationship between this profession and amateur archaeologists. This evolution now underlines the ambiguous position of the French state, which, on the one hand, supports the contributions of civil society to the profession, yet on the other hand, is still very suspicious about organisations that are not directly dependent upon the state. After a quick review of relevant legislation and the evolution of French archaeology, we will present a profile of the UMDs, their impact on archaeology and the reactions to this subject by professionals as well as the state, communities and citizens. Then, we will broaden the issue by asking if UMDs represent the only human danger for archaeology. Finally, we will discuss potential solutions to the problem of looting while still encouraging the involvement and recognition of amateur archaeologists and citizens committed to the protection of French heritage.
Ownership of heritage resources in South Africa: challenges and opportunities
Ndukuyakhe Ndlovu
The concept of ownership is highly political. Ownership provides power to the one legally seen as an owner or those tasked with the responsibility to protect and preserve heritage resources. This is no different when it comes to heritage resources, whose ownership is always contentious. The main reason for such contention is because ownership impacts on those who value objects in different ways. For example, the nature of access to heritage resources approved for people who may still attach spiritual values. As a direct result, the relevance of such heritage resources to such people may be brought into question, as the need to have them available to all citizens gain momentum. Heritage resources in South Africa have been subject to legislation since 1911, when the Bushmen Relics Act was passed. Since then, much other legislation and amendments have been passed over the years. They all aim to protect different kinds of heritage resources. Central to protection efforts is a decision to have the ownership of heritage resources put under the national estate. Ownership of heritage under South African heritage legislation will be discussed in this article. Drawing on case studies from southern Africa, the main aim of the article is to identify the challenges and opportunities attached to such a form of ownership. Opinions relating to the best approach to ownership of heritage resources are offered.
Metal detecting, collecting and portable antiquities: Scottish and British perspectives
Stuart D Campbell
While it is common to focus on the detail and intent of heritage law, this article focuses instead on the social and cultural attitudes of both archaeologists and finders towards the finding and ownership of portable antiquities, not least in the different laws regarding portable antiquities that operate within the United Kingdom.
Editorial - Portable antiquities: archaeology, collecting, metal detecting
Suzie Thomas
The editorial for Internet Archaeology issue 33 Portable Antiquities: archaeology, collecting, metal detecting
Response: the Treasure Act and Portable Antiquities Scheme
Roger Bland
This article provides a response to the other articles on metal detecting and archaeology in this issue of Internet Archaeology and provides a summary of the Treasure Act and Portable Antiquities Scheme in England and Wales.
The Metal Detecting Forum - an online community. Resource, education and co-operation
Tom Redmayne
Kevin Woodward
This article discusses the potential of the internet-based, metal detecting forum for interaction and dialogue between the profession of archaeology and the hobby of metal detecting. It also discusses its role as a focal point for those interested in, and requiring information and guidance on, all aspects of metal detecting and its associated disciplines, with particular reference to the United Kingdom Detector Net (UKDN) forum.Since its inception in 2002, UKDN has grown from being a small group of like-minded enthusiasts discussing their hobby into an online community of over 5800 people from all walks of life, with a great variety of professions and interests represented. Members have a wealth of knowledge and information to draw on, such as:Finds identification, including non-metallic findsThe law relating to metal detecting, including the Treasure ActPolitical issues affecting the hobby and associated disciplinesDifferent machines available and how to get the most from them andHow best to record and report finds.Best practice is promoted at all times in recording finds with the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and encouraging dialogue with the profession of archaeology. Many members have assisted on both professional and amateur digs both with, and without, their detectors. Forum members have also assisted in campaigns that they feel strongly about, such as the threat of PAS funding cuts in 2008.
Who controls the past?
P J English
A discussion on the question of who should have the right to control access to the past.
The law as mediator between archaeology and collecting
Patty Gerstenblith
The goal of the law is to encourage behaviour that is beneficial to society and to deter conduct that is detrimental, including conduct that imposes negative externalities (or costs) on others. One such detrimental activity is the looting of archaeological sites, which confers economic benefit on the individuals involved in the network of looters and smugglers, but which causes detriment to society through the loss of the knowledge that could otherwise be gained from the proper excavation of archaeological sites and the information that they contain (Gerstenblith 2007). Yet different nations have adopted different legal rules to respond to the problem of unscientific exploration. The articles in this collection address from diverse perspectives the divide between archaeologists and collectors of artefacts, as epitomised by the metal detecting community, and, perhaps more importantly, the question of whether this divide can be bridged.
Ideology, governance and consequences from a collector's point of view
Wayne G Sayles
This article is a condensed version of the background paper created for an Ancient Coin Collectors Guild (ACCG) presentation at the 2010 CBA, Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums, and Newcastle University conference in Newcastle, England. It presents a view shared by many American collectors and independent scholars. The ACCG, a member of the International Numismatic Council, is a registered non-profit organisation within the United States but enjoys the active support of members worldwide.
The Lord's Prerogative and an Act of Trust: portable antiquities in the Isle of Man
Allison Fox
The Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency. As such, legislation for many areas of life differs from the neighbouring jurisdictions, including that which governs portable antiquities. The Island has a rich and varied heritage, with physical evidence from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age, through the early Christian period to Vikings and beyond.Both the Manx Treasure Trove legislation and the Act under which Manx National Heritage operates are currently under parliamentary review. These are intriguing times for Manx portable antiquities and this article seeks to explain why change is due and what options are possible.
Three years on from 'The Nighthawking Survey': innovations in heritage protection
Pete R Wilson
Mark Harrison