Data copyright © Kevin Leahy unless otherwise stated
This work is licensed under the ADS Terms of Use and Access.
Kevin
Leahy
North Lincolnshire Council
North Lincolnshire Museum
Oswald Road
Scunthorpe
DN13 7BD
England
The individual tables that make up the Cleatham Anglo-Saxon cemetery database are described in detail below:
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Urn Number | Number | The unique reference number by which each urn is known | |
Inhumation number | Number | The unique number issued to a grave. | |
Find number | Number | The unique number assigned to each find, from urns, inhumations and archaeological contexts, including unstratified material. | |
Find | Text 30 | The find type, selected from table FindLUT Accessory vessel | Animal bone, Annular brooch, Bead, Bead complex, Belt Plate, Bowl, Bracelet, Brooch, Buckle, Charcoal, Clasp, Coin, Comb, Copper alloy melt, Cowrie shell, Cremation, Cruciform brooch, Cruciform brooch knob, Cruciform brooch pin, Finger ring, Firesteel, Gaming piece, Girdle hanger, Glass fragment, Glass melt, Glass vessel, Ivory ring, Knife, Latch lifter, Lead plug, Metal complex, Metal mount, Metal plate, Metal rod, Metal sheet, Metal strip, Metal tube, Metal wire, Misc - bone strip, Misc - button, Misc - casket mount, Misc - chain, Misc - clay, Misc - decorated fragment, Misc - ear scoop, Misc - escutcheon/mount, Misc - fitting, Misc - fossil, Misc - fragment, Misc - handle, Misc - ivory plate, Misc - lace tag, Misc - limestone fragment, Misc - pin beater, Misc - pot boiler, Misc - saddle fitting, Misc - sandstone fragment, Misc - scraper, Misc - spear butt, Misc - stone, Misc - strap, Misc - stud, Misc - sword pommel cap, Misc - tanged implement, Misc - terminal, Misc - weight, Nail, Pebble, Penannular brooch, Pendant, Pin, Plate brooch, Razor, Ring, Rivet, Roman masonry/tile, Shears, Sherds (Anglo Saxon), Sherds (Roman), Shield boss, Shield mount, Silica frit, Slag, Sleeve clasp, Small-long brooch, Spearhead, Square headed brooch, Staple, Strapend, Struck flint, Textile traces, Toilet set, Tweezers, Unidentified, Unidentified fragments, Vessel edging, Whetstone, Whorl |
Confidence | Text 1 | Indicator of any uncertainty in the identification | ? |
Unstratified | True/False | Was the find stratified or not | |
Xcoord | Number | The X coordinate (easting) from the site baseline origin, in metres | |
Ycoord | Number | The Y coordinate (northing) from the site baseline origin, in metres | |
Description | Memo | Free text description of the find | |
Purpose | Text 10 | Whether the find purely functional, or had some other use | Functional
Dummy Miniature Votive |
Condition | Text 15 | Whether the find is whole, or part of the original | Complete
Fragment |
Burnt | True/False | Whether the find had been cremated | |
Context | Text 25 | Location of the find, relative to the linked urn | Neck of urn
On top of cremation On base of urn At side of cremation Beside urn Below urn |
Mixed | True/False | Whether the find was mixed with the cremation deposit | |
Drawing | Text 12 | The drawing number of the find |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Find number | Number | The unique number assigned to each find, from urns, inhumations and unstratified contexts. | |
Classification | Text 30 | External and internal classification systems, relevant to the find. | Selected from table ClassLUT Aberg 1926 Brugmann 2004 Cleatham Bead Classification Cleatham Comb Classification Dickinson and Härke 1992 Drinkall 1998 Hines Hines 1993 Leeds 1949 McNiell, 2001 Swanton 1974 |
Class number | Text 20 | The specific terms used by both external and internal classification systems. Refer to bibliography for full references.
The terms listed here are for the internal Cleatham Comb Classification and the Cleatham Bead Classification | Comb Classification :
Comb type d - Double sided s - Single sided m - Model Terminal type p - Pointed r - Rounded s - Square v - Vertical Form a - Angled back b - Bowed c - Compound i - Incurved o - Ogive q - Square ended s - Straight t - Stepped Missing element X Bead Classification : Bead Type as - Ring-spot b - Banded bw - Band and wave cw - Crossed wave cws - Cross wave spot mb - Mottled blue parti - Parti-coloured s - Spotted tl - Traffic light |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Urn Number | Number | The unique reference number by which each urn is known | |
Metallic | True/False | Was the find made of metal | |
Lithic | True/False | Was the find made of flint, crystal or other stone | |
Glass | True/False | Was the find made of glass | |
Organic | True/False | Was the find organic | |
Ceramic | True/False | Was the find made of fired clay | |
Metal type | Text 15 | The type of metal | Composite
Copper Alloy Iron Lead Silver |
Gilded | True/False | Was a metallic object gilded | |
Silvered | True/False | Was a metallic object silvered | |
Lithic type | Text 15 | The type of material a lithic object was made from | Amber
Chalk Crystal Flint Fossil Garnet Igneous Jet Limestone Opus signinum Quartz Quartzite Sandstone Silica frit Slag Slate Stone |
Glass colour | Text 12 | The colour of glass, as selected from table GlassLUT | Bichrome
Black Blue Brown Clear Green Green/grey Polychrome Red Terracotta Turquoise White Yellow |
Glass colour density | Text 5 | The density of the glass colour | Dark
Mid Pale |
Glass clarity | Text 15 | The clarity or opacity of the glass | Opaque
Translucent Transparent |
Glass monopoly | Text 15 | The number of colours, where more than one is present | Bichrome
Monochrome Polychrome |
Organic type | Text 15 | The object material that had recently formed part of a living organism. | Bone/Antler
Charcoal Coral Cowrie Ivory |
Width | Number | Width of object in millimetres | |
Length | Number | Length of object in millimetres | |
Thickness max | Number | Maximum thickness of object in millimetres | |
Thickness min | Number | Minimum thickness of object in millimetres | |
Mass | Number | Mass (weight) in grammes | |
Tooth pitch | Number | Number of teeth in a comb, per centimetre | |
Bead shape | Text 32 | Shape of a bead, selected from table BeadShapeLUT | Annular
Barrel Biconical Biconvex Bun Conical Cube Cylinder, long Cylinder, polygon Cylinder, short Cylinder, square Disc Drum Egg Facetted Globular Irregular Lobed Melon Nicked Oblate Plano-convex Segmented Uncertain Unknown |
Bead OD | Number | Outer diameter of a bead in millimetres | |
Bead ID | Number | Inner diameter of a bead in millimetres | |
Bead length | Number | Length of a bead in millimetres |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Inhumation | Number | Unique number from 1 - 62 assigned to each inhumation | |
Sex | Text 12 | The biological sex of the human remains as established by the osteologist. | Male
Male? Female Female? Undetermined |
Age | Text 10 | The age at death in bands, as estimated by the osteologist. | Adol
Adult C/Adol Child MA OA YA |
Stature | Number | Estimated stature in millimetres | |
Position | Text 50 | The way in which the body lay in the grave. | Crouched
Extended Flexed Prone |
Alignment Number | The orientation of the skeleton in degrees clockwise from north. | ||
Depth Number | The depth of the bottom of a grave from the surface of the field, in millimetres | ||
Xcoord 1 | Number | The easting coordinate from the site baseline to the centre of the grave, measured in metres. | |
Ycoord 1 | Number | The northing coordinate from the site baseline to the centre of the grave, measured in metres. | |
Pathology | Memo | Free text field, noting any anomalies observed by the osteologist. | |
Grave goods | Memo | ****Free text field | |
Stones | Text 20 | Whether stones were found in the fill of a grave. | Wall in fill
Stones in fill No stones in fill |
Date | Text 4 | An estimate of the calendar date range of a burial, in centuries, based on the grave goods. | 5-0
5-6 6-6 6-7 7-7 |
Number of finds | Number | Number of finds associated with the inhumation. | |
Number of find types | Number | Number of find types associated with the inhumation. |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Urn Number | Number | The unique reference number by which each urn is known | |
Elements | Number | The number of components which make up the decorative scheme | |
Complex | True/False | Presence/absence of an elaborate arrangement of elements | |
Groups | True/False | Presence/absence of repeated sets of components spaced around the vessel. | |
Interwoven | True/False | Presence/absence of alternating decoration, with the lines offset to give the appearance of being woven. | |
Medallions | True/False | Presence/absence of defined fields containing other elements. | |
Bosses | True/False | Presence/absence of protrusions from the surface of the vessel. | |
Boss Form | Text 10 | Form of boss | Round
Oval Elongated Perforated Multiple Angular |
Non repeating | True/False | Presence/absence of a decorative scheme that does not repeat the same pattern of elements. | |
Freestyle | True/False | Presence/absence of a decorative scheme which lacks any formal structure. | |
Alternating | True/False | Presence/absence of a decorative scheme in which two or more elements or groups, which are repeated around the circumference of the vessel. | |
Rings | True/False | Presence/absence of repeated horizontal lines around the circumference of the vessel. | |
Ring location | Text 15 | Location of rings on the vessel | Neck
Body Neck and body |
Linear | True/False | Presence/absence of an elongated element executed by means of incision, grooving or stamping. | |
Linear form | Text 50 | The form of the linear elements | Angled
Horizontal Vertical Chevron Zig zag Multiple |
Running | True/False | Presence/absence of a continuous band of decoration around a vessel. | |
Curvilinear | True/False | Presence/absence of an element consisting of curved lines. | |
Curvilinear form | Text 50 | Form of the curvilinear element | Hanging bows
Standing bows Waves Multiple Around bosses |
Motif | True/False | Presence/absence of a discrete element complete in itself, for example a swastika or a wyrm | |
Grooved | True/False | Presence/absence of a wide line either impressed into or excised from the surface of the vessel. | |
Incised | True/False | Presence/absence of a line cut into the surface of the vessel | |
Modelled | True/False | Presence/absence of an element made by distorting the wall of the vessel to form a hollow or protrusion. | |
Modelled form | Text 10 | Form of the modelled element | Bosses
Bands Hollows Folded Facetted Multiple |
Applied | True/False | Presence/absence of an element made by adding plastic clay to the surface of the vessel | |
Applied Form | Text 10 | Form of the applied element | Bosses
Bands Linear Multiple |
Stamped | True/False | Presence/absence of decoration impressed into the surface of the vessel by means of carved stamps or an object. | |
Scratched | True/False | Presence/absence of decoration lightly incised into the surface of the vessel |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Urn Number | Number | The unique reference number by which each urn is known | |
Diameter | Number | The maximum diameter | |
Height | Number | The maximum height. In many cases, urns had been truncated and their heights could not be established | |
HeightGroup | Number | Urns have been assigned to 13 bands, depending on height. Each band spans 20mm, ranging from Band 1 (60-79mm) to Band 13 (>300mm) | |
Height MD | Number | The height, above its base, at which an urn achieved its greatest diameter. | |
Rim diameter | Number | The outside diameter of the rim. | |
Shoulder radius | Number | The radius of the curve forming the basic part of an urn's profile | |
Wall thickness max | Number | The maximum distance between the inner and outer faces of an urn. | |
Wall thickness min | Number | The minimum distance between the inner and outer faces of an urn. | |
Ratio1 | Number | Height / Maximum Diameter | |
Ratio2 | Number | Height of Maximum Diameter / Height | |
Ratio3 | Number | Maximum Diameter - Rim Diameter / Height - Height of Maximum Diameter | |
Ratio4 | Number | 2 x Shoulder Radius / Maximum Diameter | |
Estimated? | True/False | Have dimensions been estimated from remaining sherds ? |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Urn Number | Number | The unique reference number by which each urn is known | |
Inclusion | Text 12 | A non-clay addition made to the body of a vessel | Shell
Quartz Slag Feldspar Mica Grass Chaff Haematite Calcareous Gypsum Glauconite Chamocite Barley |
Percentage | Number | The proportion of the vessel fabric made up by a specified non-clay material. | |
Angularity | Text 12 | The shape of the particles of non-clay additions to vessel fabric. | Angular
Sub-Angular Rounded Compound. |
Sorting | Text 10 | The degree of variation in the size of the non-clay additions to a vessel fabric | Good
Poor |
Grain size | Number | The maximum size of the non-clay particles added to a vessel fabric, in millimetres |
Field name | Format | Description | Terms used |
---|---|---|---|
Urn Number | Number | The unique reference number by which each urn is known | |
Brisco no | Text 11 | Classification used by Briscoe | |
Stamp class | Text 11 | An alphanumeric code, classifying stamp impressions, formulated by Leahy. The coding consists of two or three elements, an upper case letter defining the shape of the stamp, a lower case letter defining its internal detail and a final digit. This digit allows some of the more common stamps to be differentiated. In the case of a grid the total number of lines is given (4 horizontal lines and five vertical lines, gives 9). With annular stamps and the ubiquitous ringed-cross, a diameter is given. While this is subject to the problems caused by variable shrinkage described above it does at least make in clear that an Rc5 impression and an Rc12 impression are not off the same stamp. |
Stamp shapes :
A - Annular B - Bow C - Cross D - Diamond F - Framed G - Gear Wheel (toothed) H - Horseshoe I - Object impression L - Shield M - Motif O - Oval P - Palm/hand Q - Miscellaneous shapes R - Round S - Square/rectangular T - Triangular V - Rectangular W - Wave X - Rouletted Y - Whorl Z - Star Internal elements : b - Barred c - Cross d - Double lines f - Flower, petalled g - Grid m - Motif p - Plain, undecorated s - Segmented v - Void y - Whorl |
Total applications | Number | Number of stamp impressions | |
Object | Text 25 | Shape of the object which made the impressions | Angular
Angular point Dots Finger Hollows Irregular Kidney Kite Knife point Oval Pinched Pyramid Rouletted Round Rounded Saw-like Shield Spring Square Stab Triangular Two lines Unknown |