World Archaeol 12

Illustrates the kind of changes - economic, social, and information flow - which can occur as a result of culture contact; reference is made to an instance of commercial interaction between Greeks at Massalia and Central Europeans. The precise chronologies and documentary evidence available in the Greek world allow the formation of a model of the processes of change in such a milieu.

Analysis of column capitals and bases shows that traditions of stone architecture did not become established in Roman Britain until the mid-70s. Thereafter, three distinct architectural regions are identifiable: the civilian lowland zone (strongly influenced by NE Gaul); the NW Midlands; and the predominantly military north. There is a marked division between military and civilian work, and no sign from the architectural decoration that the Roman army in Britain played any part in the urban development of most of the province. Au(abr)

The shape of the fall-off curve for villa densities around Roman towns in Britain relates to the status, richness, and number of services offered by a centre. Au(abr)

The contents of two levels from the cave apparently document two occasions on which man was able to kill a number of woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros of age groups not otherwise represented amongst the bones. Although the site had previously been intensively occupied, the mammoth and rhino levels appear to represent only brief periods of occupation for the purposes of butchery of the carcases. Au

One of the artefact concentrations at Meer II Epipalaeo site (Belgium) was studied by refitting exercises and microwear analysis. Several lines of argument provide independent evidence that two and probably only two individuals (one left-handed, the other right-) were working at this location, making stone tools for use on bone and antler. Au(abr)

Data from 132 Middle and Upper Palaeo burials from Europe, USSR, and the Middle East are analysed on the premise that patterning in mortuary assemblages reflects patterning in the cultural systems which produced them. Significant contrasts were found between Middle and Upper Palaeo groups, eg in treatment of female burials and in the greater complexity of Upper Palaeo burials. Au(abr)

Considers the application of several new and 'revived' methods of study: typology (as a first step), reassembly/refitting of flakes, experimental knapping and tool-use, use-wear analysis, environmental archaeology, and behavioural archaeology.

Introduces methods, problems and analytical aids connected with gathering and interpretation of Nordic source material, and summarizes the types of instruments found. Many are not readily recognizable as such: for instance, were some of the pots found in megalithic grave blockings used as drums? Experiments on a wide variety of instruments are needed.

Iconographic evidence is considered as well as several finds of original instruments (metal wind, woodwind, stringed, and percussion); these were much used for ritual.