Plesnicar, R. (2023). Geophysical Survey at Clandon Park, West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey. Wessex Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.5284/1112406. Cite this using datacite

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Title:		 Geophysical Survey at Clandon Park, West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey
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Series:		 Wessex Archaeology unpublished report series
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wessexar1-513646_213560.pdf (6 MB) : Download
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DOI
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1112406
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Publication Type:		 Report (in Series)
Abstract
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Abstract:		 The cart-based gradiometer system used a Leica Captivate RTK GNSS instrument, which receives corrections from a network of reference stations operated by the Ordnance Survey (OS) and Leica Geosystems. Such instruments allow positions to be determined with a precision of 0.02 m in real-time and therefore exceeds European Archaeologiae Consilium recommendations The detailed gradiometer survey was undertaken using four SenSys FGM650/3 magnetic gradiometers spaced at 1 m intervals and mounted on a non-magnetic cart. Data were collected with an effective sensitivity of ±8 µT over ±1000 nT range at a rate of 100 Hz, producing intervals of 0.02 m along transects spaced 4 m apart. The GPR survey was conducted using an Impulse Radar Raptor 45, 8 channel antenna, with a central frequency of 450 MHz. The multi-channel GPR system uses a separate shielded transmitter and receiver antennae, towed by a motorised vehicle. The data were recorded every 4 cm, with a horizontal profile spacing of 8.5 cm, and a time window of 100 ns. The majority of the data was collected in the zigzag method, however site boundary and coverage dictated single direction survey method on occasion. The vehicle based GPR system provides real-time positioning, enabling full site coverage without the need to set up individual grid nodes. However, to ensure survey accuracy, the boundaries of the survey extent were established using a real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instrument. This system allowed positions to be determined with sub-decimetre, accuracy and therefore exceeds EAC recommendations (Schmidt et. al. 2015). The survey within the Māori shelter was conducted using an Impulse Radar Crossover 4080 system with a dual frequency antenna. The Crossover 4080 antenna was mounted on a rough terrain cart which is fitted with an odometer to measure horizontal distance along the ground surface. This was deployed across the GPR area, with data collected along traverses spaced 0.25 m apart. The 400 MHz antenna was determined to provide the best quality data in this case. The data was collected in a regular grid, which was later georeferenced using GPS. A wide network of garden paths has been identified to the south and east of Clandon House, including the Entrance Avenue that extends from steps on the eastern side of the house. In addition, associated drainage channels have been identified running parallel to the paths. It is likely that several different phases of park development are evident within the results. Several other anomalies have been identified that pertain to former garden features, mostly around the south and east of the house. The probable remains of the ‘Gravel Garden’, recorded on 1730 mapping, have been identified, as well as possible retaining or garden walls. Circular features are thought to relate to former garden features. This interpretation is supported by the location of one along the route of the Entrance Avenue. However, it cannot be discounted that they relate to more modern activity such as landscaping or water management. Numerous high-amplitude anomalies have been identified to the south of Clandon House. They are related to landscaping processes associated with the modern garden layout. The remaining anomalies are thought to be modern or natural. The modern anomalies mostly relate to services and land drains.
Author
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Author:		 Rok Plesnicar
Publisher
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Publisher:		 Wessex Archaeology
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Other Person/Org:		 National Trust HBSMR (OASIS Reviewer)
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 2023
Locations
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Locations:
District: Guildford
Country: England
County: Surrey
Parish: West Clandon
Grid Reference: 504298, 151249 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY (Event)
GARDEN (Monument Type England)
MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY (Event)
POST MEDIEVAL GARDEN (Tag)
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY (Event)
POST MEDIEVAL (Historic England Periods)
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OASIS Id: wessexar1-513646
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Created Date
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Created Date:		 15 Aug 2023