Kvamme, K. L., Ernenwein, E. G. and Markussen, C. (2006). Robotic total station for microtopographic mapping:. Archaeol Prospection 13 (2). Vol 13(2), pp. 91-102.

Title
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Robotic total station for microtopographic mapping:
Subtitle
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an example from the Northern Great Plains
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Archaeol Prospection 13 (2)
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Archaeological Prospection
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13 (2)
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91 - 102
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Abstract
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Past human activities in cultural landscapes are often expressed by subtle variations in surface topography that reflect buried archaeological features. When seen from the air under low sunlight angles, resultant shadow marks form a cornerstone of site detection in aerial archaeology. Past attempts to quantify and map such variations across large archaeological landscapes have resorted to aerial photogrammetry, electronic total stations, air- and ground-based LiDAR, and kinematic global positioning systems. The most commonly used surveying instrument is the total station, but its slow rate of data acquisition makes it poorly suited for collecting vast amounts of elevation data over large areas, although it is often used for that task. A robotic total station, examined here, is a relatively new technology that provides a rapid survey solution. It requires only a single person to operate the total station by radio linkage from a control pad affixed to a wheeled reflector rod. As the rod is rolled over the landscape it is automatically tracked, and measurements of surface topography may be acquired to subcentimetre accuracy continuously, at a rate of one measurement per second. A case study from North Dakota, exemplifies this potential. The loci of prehistoric houses, borrow pits, fortification ditches, middens and defensive mounds are clearly revealed in the topographic mapping.
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Author:
Kenneth L Kvamme
Eileen G Ernenwein
Christine J Markussen
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:
2006
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Houses Borrow Pits Fortification Ditches Middens (Auto Detected Subject)
Prehistoric (Auto Detected Temporal)
Kinematic Global Positioning Systems (Auto Detected Subject)
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BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
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URI: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/111081717/ABSTRACT
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13 Oct 2006