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Internat J Osteoarchaeol 16 (6)
Title
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Title:
Internat J Osteoarchaeol 16 (6)
Series
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Series:
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
16 (6)
Publication Type
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Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
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Editor:
G J R Maat
Shelley Saunders
Terry P O'Connor
Publisher
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Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2006
Source
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Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jissue/113462373
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
04 May 2007
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Abstract
Histological identification of bone fragments in archaeology: telling humans apart from horses and cattle
A G F M Cuijpers
465 - 480
A novel approach was chosen to assess the potential of histology as an identification tool for bone fragments in those instances in which macroscopical study (e.g. by means of bone surface texture) has failed. The study concentrated on the diaphyses of long bones in three species of comparable size which are relevant to archaeology. Late juvenile and adult human diaphyseal bone structure was compared with the bone structure of horses and cattle. Since bone structure can differ even within a single bone, the restrictions in terms of bone category, bone part and species were deemed necessary for the development of a useful identification method for archaeological bone. The reference series comprised long bones from several individuals to broaden the insight into variations in diaphyseal bone structure within a single species. A general difference in the primary bone types was found between humans and the two large mammals. Human bone displayed lamellar bone types, whereas horses and cattle showed fibrous bone types. The only exceptions were separated growth layers. A difference in the secondary bone structure was also observed. A large number of connecting, primary (Volkmann's) canals, giving the secondary bone a reticular aspect, were common in horses and cattle. They were not, however, present in the human bones studied. To confirm the validity and applicability of these differences, a blind test was conducted on fifteen diaphyseal fragments of identified long bones from archaeological sites. The results were very promising. Although four fragments could not be identified due to severe degradation, all the others were correctly attributed.
Frequency, location, morphology and aetiology of osseous mandibular condylar concavities
M F Oxenham
J Whitworth
517 - 527
Study aimed at examining the morphology, frequency, location and aetiology of osseous concavities (OC) in the mandibular condyle. The temporomandibular joints of 435 skeletonised individuals of known age, sex and ancestry were macroscopically examined for osseous concavities and signs of osteoarthritis. Descriptive statistics (2) were used to compare results. It was found that OCs were present in 17.5% of the sample and did not vary by sex or ancestry. Posteriorly positioned OCs accounted for 72% of all OCs, and the frequency of OCs decreased with increasing age in contrast to the pattern seen for osteoarthritis. It is concluded that OCs are either developmental defects related to the late maturity of the condyle, and/or a function of regressive remodelling with posterior displacement of the condyle.