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Geoarchaeology 21 (3)
Title
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Title:
Geoarchaeology 21 (3)
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
Geoarchaeology
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
21 (3)
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
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Editor:
Rolfe D Mandel
Paul Goldberg
E A (III) Bettis
Publisher
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Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2006
Source
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Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gea.v21:3/issuetoc
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
29 Nov 2006
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Author / Editor
Page
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Abstract
Modeling environmental influences on the locations of Irish early medieval ringforts
Robert J Legg
David Taylor
201 - 220
The paper uses the technique of constructing predictive archaeological models to determine the occurrence probability of archaeological sites to explore the environmental factors that may have had an influence on the distribution of ringforts in Ireland. In the Inny River catchment of the Irish midlands, locational information, together with corresponding environmental variables, were assembled in a geographic information system. The analysis showed that ringfort sites have a distinctive locational pattern and cluster on moderately fertile, well-drained soils on gently sloping land surfaces (slopes of 4--9%) between 80m and 150m above mean sea level. To test the practical applicability of the model, the results were extended to two separate areas adjoining the Inny River catchment (Blackwater valley and Lough Ramor catchment) in the form of a probability surface. The model predicts relatively low densities of ringforts in the Blackwater valley and much higher probabilities of occurrence in the Lough Ramor catchment. These predictions are broadly consistent with recorded site distributions.
Characterizing anthropic sediments in north European Neolithic settlements: an assessment from Skara Brae, Orkney
I A Simpson
Erika B A Guttmann
Jonathan Cluett
Alexandra N Shepherd
221 - 235
The creation of anthropic sediments, traditionally referred to under the blanket term midden, through the utilization of settlement waste materials in domestic settlement construction was first recognized during early excavations at the Orcadian Neolithic site of Skara Brae. The authors contend that, prior to the present study, there has been no systematic attempt to identify the nature of these sediments at Skara Brae, whose likely occupation dates between 3100 and 2500 BC, or to assess whether different materials were incorporated into construction or varied with different phases of site formation. The opportunity to begin addressing these issues arose with the location of undisturbed sediment samples held in storage since the last site excavations of 1972--1973. Ten thin sections were manufactured from these samples, representing earlier and later phases of Neolithic settlement at Skara Brae. Observations using thin-section micromorphology, supported by total phosphorus and particle-size distribution analyses, suggest that both earlier and later settlement phases show accumulation of household waste dominated by fuel residues. These wastes may have been used to help stabilize wind-blown sand deposits during the later settlement phases. In addition, the use of clay material tempered with household waste is associated with wall construction. Animal manures are only evident in anthropic deposits on the edge of the main settlement site where composting may have been taking place, and there is no evidence for their use in site construction. The authors conclude by drawing attention to possible diverse uses of anthropic sediments in settlement construction at other Neolithic settlements in Orkney.