Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 100 (series 2)

Extends the general survey of England's Coastal Heritage (Fulford et al, 1997) by exploring how sea level changes provide a context in which to interpret and question the present archaeological record.

This paper examines the north-west of England to evaluate the current understanding of its conquest and development from the mid-first century AD to the building of Hadrian's Wall. Uses mainly historical evidence.

which reports forty-one coins of various denominations, dating to between 32 BC and 273 AD, mostly from the late-first and second centuries AD

which notes a trumpet brooch and a knee brooch, probably dating to the early-second century AD

Reports the re-excavation of a Viking barrow, previously excavated in 1792, in which several examples of poorly-preserved human bone and thirty iron fragments were found. Includes reports on:

Reports that a number of features, probably associated with the urban expansion of the thirteenth century, were sealed by a fourteenth to fifteenth century horizon. The posts of medieval timber buildings were identified and there is evidence for refurbishment and perhaps rebuilding of some timber structures on the site. Building in stone was obviously a post-medieval development in Penrith, perhaps reflecting the enhanced prosperity of the town from the later seventeenth century onwards. Finds dating from the earlier post-medieval period were limited, but included glass, a small sample of clay tobacco pipes and 454 sherds of pottery. A further 342 sherds of medieval pottery were found.

Mostly historical. Studies a document dating from about 1602, which lists nine unnamed farmsteads in Skelsmergh, Cumbria. Together they had nineteen buildings containing sixty-one ``paire[s] of trees", a basic term used to describe cruck trusses.

A revised list of the enclosure awards of Cumberland, containing information about each award's: location; reference; date; area; sum of allotments; number of allotments; and number of people. A second table lists some of the different components of the areas allotted, including the: areas for the poor; areas for institutions; common use area; lord's share; and tithe. The awards are listed alphabetically by title.

Reviews the hundred volumes of the second series of the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological and Antiquarian Society. Includes reports on: the prehistoric period; the Roman period; the medieval and early-modern period; and industrial history and the modern period.

Reports the relocation of a standing stone, noted by the Rev'd William Hutton in the eighteenth century. The standing stone is incorporated within a later dry stone wall. It is uncertain whether the stone was erected by human activity, or by a natural event, although the author considers a Bronze Age date plausible.

No meaningful data was obtained and it is considered that this is because there is little extant material to record.

Considers the evidence for pottery making in the area and suggests a sixteenth- or seventeenth-century date for the industry. Presents the possibility that members of the Hadwen family were manufacturing the pottery.