Phimester, J. (2018). A National Planning Overview for 19th Century Forts and Associated Fortifications . Fort Cumberland: Historic England. https://doi.org/10.5284/1075516. Cite this using datacite

Title
Title
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Title:		 A National Planning Overview for 19th Century Forts and Associated Fortifications
Series
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Series:		 Historic England Research Reports
Downloads
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Downloads:
englishh2-383897_1.pdf (12 MB) : Download
englishh2-383897_2.pdf (7 MB) : Download
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DOI
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1075516
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Publication Type:		 Report (in Series)
Abstract
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Abstract:		 The fortifications of the 19th and early 20th centuries are some of our coast's most distinctive monuments. Architecturally and topographically, they are striking places with clear historic significance often dominating their settings and localities. They embody the changing nature of 19th century conflict as the technology of the industrial age was applied to warfare, a product of the great rivalry between Europe's imperial powers. The significance of 19th and early 20th Century fortifications is reflected by their high level of heritage protection; today 80.83% are either Scheduled or Listed (or both). The historic development and architecture of these fortifications has been the topic of extensive previous research, but their current context is less well understood. This report, which has been commissioned by Historic England, is aimed at addressing this gap through providing current data on the individual fortifications identified, and by assimilating this data to provide a national overview. It enhances understanding of the relative significance, condition and threats associated with these fortifications, and sets out heritage recommendations and priorities to secure their long-term preservation. In total this report identified one hundred and sixty-seven fortifications which were newly constructed in this period, or remained in use through significant additions. The fortifications fall within six phases, the largest proportion of which are within the 1860s period built on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom, often termed 'Palmerston Follies'. The later 19th Century is a pivotal point in fortification design, when there was a move from grander fortifications towards the less visually imposing strongholds, where the design priority was concealment. The design and location of 19th and early 20th Century fortifications reflect major developments in armament technology, strategic thought and defence policy.
Author
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Author:		 J Phimester
Publisher
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Publisher:		 Historic England
Other Person/Org
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Other Person/Org:		 Historic England (OASIS Reviewer)
Please note: this record has been validated by-proxy by Historic England.
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 2018
Locations
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Locations:
Site: 19th Century Forts and Associated Fortifications
County: Hampshire
District: New Forest
Parish: MILFORD ON SEA
Country: England
Grid Reference: 431780, 89740 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
POST MEDIEVAL (Historic England Periods) COASTAL DEFENCE SITE (Monument Type England)
POST MEDIEVAL (Historic England Periods) FORTRESS (Monument Type England)
FIELD SURVEY (Event)
Identifiers
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Identifiers:
OASIS Id: englishh2-383897
OBIB: 87/2018
Note
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Note:		 A4 report of 960pp (two volumes).
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Created Date
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Created Date:		 16 Apr 2020