Watson, N. (2019). GLOUCESTER QUAYSIDE: GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLE STRATIGRAPHY. ARCA. https://doi.org/10.5284/1097353. Cite this using datacite

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Title:		 GLOUCESTER QUAYSIDE: GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLE STRATIGRAPHY
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Series:		 ARCA unpublished report series
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arca1-504689_186968.pdf (3 MB) : Download
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1097353
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Publication Type:		 Report (in Series)
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Abstract:		 Borehole srvey This document reports on the geoarchaeological significance of strata exposed in borehole cores collected from the Gloucester Quayside site between September 2017 and January 2019. The cores were obtained from 27 boreholes using Pioneer 2 drilling rigs equipped for dynamic sampling. The strata sampled were then described by ARCA geoarchaeologists at Geotechnical Engineering’s facility at Quedgeley, Gloucester. The resultant lithostratigraphic data were transcribed into a RockWorks 15 (geological utilities software) database that also held other local borehole records, including data from the geoarchaeological borehole survey at the former HMP Gloucester site. Composite cross sections and deposit models were generated. Cores from two boreholes were subject to portable XRF measurements. The sedimentary sequence found in the boreholes is divided into five stratigraphic units. These units are from youngest to oldest: 1. Made Ground (post-dating AD1800) 2. Archaeological Strata (Holocene, pre-dating AD1800). 3. Elmore Member (Holocene alluvium). 4. Power House Member (Pleistocene terrace gravels). 5. Blue Lias and Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Lias Group bedrock The bedrock lies between -0.55m and +7.50m OD. It has a pronounced NNW dip and there is an incised ancient channel of the River Severn on the west of the site that trends NNE/SSW. The northwest point of this channel immediately south of Quay Street appears to coincide with a late Roman Quay. Deposits of the Power House Member are slight in the ancient channel and unevenly developed elsewhere. They reach a maximum thickness of 1.28m. Fine grained alluvial deposits fill the channel to a depth of c. 9.20m and thin eastwards as the bedrock rises. An ash wood stake driven into the weathered bedrock and dated to 70 – 224 cal. AD was recovered at +4.44m OD below 5.55m of alluvium (BH208). Roman ceramic building material was found between c. +3m and c. +8m OD. Organic remains were very rare. Evidence was found for the development of soils within the top of the Elmore Member. XRF measurements found no evidence of heavy metal concentrations. Human occupation of the floodplain is attested to, not only by cultural material within the Elmore Member but also by XRF measurements for phosphorous that increase up the stratigraphy. Archaeological strata was found in the form of dark coloured gritty diamicts but contained no diagnostic ceramics. Thickness was very variable from c. 0.2m to c. 3m and the strata were absent from the central area of the site. Modern Made Ground was ubiquitous, truncating all the Archaeological strata and also affecting the underlying Elmore Member.
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Author:		 Nick Watson
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Publisher:		 ARCA
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Year of Publication:		 2019
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Locations:
County: Gloucestershire
District: Gloucester
Country: England
Parish: Gloucester, unparished area
Grid Reference: 382779, 218659 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
BOREHOLE SURVEY (Event)
ALLUVIUM (Object England)
ROMAN ALLUVIUM (Tag)
ROMAN (Historic England Periods)
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OASIS Id: arca1-504689
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Created Date
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Created Date:		 18 Jul 2022