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Series: Oxbow Monographs in Archaeology
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All natural things: archaeology and the green debate
1992
Amber in prehistoric Britain
Curt W Beck
Stephen J Shennan
The result of research that included the use of infra red spectrometry to provenance material, much of which originated in the Baltic area. Divided into eleven sections, the first forms an introduction to the corpus of material involved and its finds record (11-14). Section two deals with `Fossil resins of the British Isles' (15-27), section three reports `The provenience analysis of British amber artefacts' (29-37) including material in collections from around the country, and section four covers `Typology and technology of the amber artifacts' (51-64). The next four sections deal with `Amber in the Mesolithic and Neolithic' (65-9), `Amber in the British Early Bronze Age' (71-98), `Amber in the Middle and Late Bronze Age' (99-104) and `Amber in the Iron Age' (105-7). Section nine looks at `British amber in its European context' (109-31) and section ten considers `Exchange and the social context of amber in Europe' (133-42). The final section presents a corpus of the British material (143-218).
1991
Archaeological Sciences 1989: proceedings of a conference on the application of scientific techniques to archaeology, Bradford, September 1989
1991
Crossroads in ancient shipbuilding: proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology, Roskilde 1991
1994
Form and fabric: studies in Rome's material past in honour of B R Hartley
1998
Geoprospection in the archaeological landscape: papers based on contributions to a conference held in January 1989 by the Archaeology Unit, Department of Tourism and Heritage Conservation, Bournmouth Polytechnic
The papers are presented in three separate sections, the first comprising four case studies, the second introducing four new techniques or novel aplications of established techniques, and the last including two papers arrising out of a discussion forum which was intended to `sell' geoprospection to mainstream archaeologists. Following a short overview, entitled `Beyond wall-following, introduction to parts 1 and 2' by Paul Spoerry (1--6), `Part I: geoprospection in the archaeological landscape' begins with a recent study of `Trace metal accumulations in soils on and around ancient settlements in Greece' by J L Bintliff, B Davies, C Gaffney, A Snodgrass & A Waters (9--24). Concentrations of certain metals were identified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) around sites known from artefact scatters and it is possible to determine site function or morphology in some cases. The extensive use of resistivity and magnetic susceptibility techniques to determine prehistoric land use on the Tofts Ness peninsula, Sanday, Orkney is described by S J Dockrill & J A Gater (25--31) in `Tofts Ness: exploration and interpretation in a prehistoric landscape'. In `Field magnetic susceptibility measurement for prospection and excavation', Adrian Challands (33--41) compares the potential of both magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility on two sites, one a Neolithic settlement at Barnhouse on Orkney, the other a barrow at Etton, Cambridgeshire. He also compares the results of magnetic susceptibility and phosphate analysis at the Orkney site. Mark G Macklin, David G Passmore, David C Cowley, Tony C Stevenson & Colm F O'Brien (43--58) consider `Geoarchaeological enhancement of river valley archaeology in north east England'. Preliminary results from studies of Holocene alluvial and colluvial sedimentary sequences in two areas, one near Callaly Moor, Northumberland and the other in the lower Tyne valley, are presented. Rick Walker (61--73) begins `Part II: new techniques and applications in geoprospection' with his paper `Phosphate survey: method and meaning'. It is suggested that phosphate anomalies at the surface reflect the presence of buried features containing organic matter despite superficial application of phosphates (eg fertiliser). Bayesian statistical techniques are applied to the results of phosphate analysis in an attempt to enhance the interpretation of these results by C E Buck, W G Cavanagh & C D Litton (75--87) in `Tools for the interpretation of soil phosphate data from archaeological surveys'. By exploring `Multielectrode resistivity tomography for imaging archaeology' Mark Noel (89--99) aims to develop a method for mapping changes in soil resistivity at different depths, thus adding a third dimension to conventional geophysical surveys. `Recent developments in thermal archaeological prospection', in which surface probing is used to measure ground temperature, are described as a cheaper alternative to aerial infra-red thermography by T J Bellerby, M Noel & K Brannigan (sic) (101--11). `Part III: the archaeologist and geoprospection' is opened with `The archaeologist and geoprospection: introduction' by Paul Spoerry (115--21). Jenny M Allsop (121--40) then describes a three-phased survey programme combining investigation of both archaeological sites and the general palaeolandscape in `The British Geological Survey: geoprospection techniques applied to the archaeological landscape'. Finally, in a paper not presented at the 1989 conference, Michael Aston (141--54) describes `The Shapwick Project, Somerset: a study in need of remote sensing' showing how geophysical survey will become increasingly important for projects of this type in the future.
1992
Interpreting artefact scatters: contributions to ploughzone archaeology
Section 1: the background to interpretation: method, theory and research design Whithead (141-8) also examines the possible range of human behaviour that may underpin surface distributions. IH
1991
Interpreting Roman London: papers in memory of Hugh Chapman
1996
Life on the edge: human settlement and marginality
1998
Museum archaeology in Europe
The proceedings of a conference held in October 1992 begins with a foreword by Mark Davies (iii) and an introduction by David Gaimster (vii-ix). Ian Longworth (1--18) raises issues such as increasing commercialism, metal detecting, retention of human remains and gender archaeology in `Museums and archaeology: coping with the chimaera'. The legislative framework of the cultural heritage of the European Community and export regulations within the single market are discussed in `The European Community and heritage protection: boom or bust?' by Jeremy Warren (9--14). There follow several papers on museums and their archaeological collections in Europe, with issues relevant to Britain: `Archaeology and the National Museum of Antiquities, the Netherlands' by Jan Verwers (15--18), `Archaeology in Dutch town-museums' by Jan M Baart (19--36), `A facelift for the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels' by Francis Van Noten (37--48), `Museum rescue-archaeology in Duisburg, the Lower Rhineland' by Günter Krause (49--75), `Archaeology and the Museum of National Antiquities, Stockholm' by Hans A Lidén (77--83), `Excavations in the medieval centre of Malmö and in the surrounding area: museum archaeology in practice' by Ingmar Billberg (85--93), `A new archaeological museum on Funen as an example of current trends in Danish archaeology' by Henrik Thrane (95--106) `L'acquisition des objets archéologiques par les musées en France' [The acquisition of archaeological objects by museums in France] by Jean-Yves Marin (107--16), `The new archaeological museum at Neuchâtel, Switzerland' by Bruce Dunning (117--21), `Museum archaeology in Poland: an outline' by Wojciech Brzezinski (123--33), `Archaeology in Kiev History Museum' by Ljudmila Pekars'ka (135--45), `Archaeological museums in Croatia: present and future' by Branko Kirigin (147--54), `Artefact research in the National Museums of Scotland' by Alan Saville (155--66) and `Can we expect museums to cope? Curatorship and the archaeological explosion' by Martin Biddle (167--71). The book concludes with a list of addresses of the contributors (173--4).
1994
Old Sleaford revealed: a Lincolnshire settlement in Iron Age, Roman, Saxon and medieval times: excavations 1882--1995
S M Elsdon
A comprehensive report on investigations carried out in the vicinity of Old Place by the following people and agencies: K R Fennell (1955); C E R Ellis and Carre's Grammar School Archaeological Group (1960); P Mayes and K R Fennel (1960), Margaret and Tom Jones (1960, 1961, 1963), the Trust for Lincolnshire Archaeology (1984--85); Heritage Lincolnshire (1989, 1990); Pre-Construct Archaeology (1995). There was evidence of the following phases of occupation: Middle Iron Age (including a palisaded enclosure with grain storage platform and drying rack); Late Iron Age (enclosures, a trackway, and structures -- associated with stamped and rouletted pottery and coin pellet moulds); a Romano-British roadside settlement (with an aisled building, malting/drying kilns, and inhumations); a few Saxon artefacts; medieval and post-medieval (including the remains of the former parish church of St Giles/All Saints, burials, an infilled ditch or moat, agricultural and horticultural structures and features). Reference is also made to Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Sleaford Railway Station (G W Thomas, 1882) and settlement at Quarrington (Heritage Lincolnshire, 1993). In `The Romano-British inhumations 1984--85' J M Oetgen (45--6) considers the possible dating and interpretation of human and dog burials. The chapter discussing the IA mint debris includes `The statistical analysis' by J Reynolds (56--9) [an examination of morphological attributes of the coin pellet mould fragments, drawing conclusions about the technological processes and coin denominations being made] and `Metallurgical analysis of the coin pellet moulds and crucible fragments' by Keith Robbins & Justine Bayley (59--64) [silver-rich alloys were identified in both moulds and crucibles]. A chapter on `Medieval Old Sleaford' by S Pawley (68--72), recounts the history of the parish and its relationship to the adjacent parish of New Sleaford. There is also a short account of the careers of Margaret and Tom Jones, highlighting the importance their work at Old Sleaford, and a select bibliography of Margaret Jones's publications. The finds section comprises: `The samian pottery from the 1960--63 excavations' by B Dickinson (81--4); a report on mortaria from the 1960--63 excavations that includes notes on `Illustrated mortaria' by K F Hartley (88--91); `Amphorae 1960--63' by M J Darling & D F Williams (92--4); `Gaulish imports' [Gallo-Belgic pottery of the LIA/early post-Conquest period]; Middle Iron Age scored ware; `The Late Iron Age and Romano-British pottery' by S M Elsdon (103--74) [which includes `Stratified Romano-British pottery from the 1984--5 excavation' by R S Leary (110--13), `Romano-British fine wares from the 1960--63 excavation' (117--21) and `Sources and stylistic affinities of the Romano-British pottery' both by S M Elsdon & R S Leary, with a discussion of the `Regional significance' by R S Leary (122--4)]; `Late Iron Age, Romano-British and Saxon fabrics' by J M Oetgen & S M Elsdon (124--6); `The Iron Age coins' (175) and `The Roman coins from Old Place, Sleaford' (176--80) are both by J A Davies; `The brooches' [IA--RB, copper alloy and iron] by D F Mackreth (181--9); two Roman enamelled skillet handles; and, lastly, an Anglo-Saxon grave slab, carved stones, and a copper-alloy mount.
1997
Papers on the prehistoric archaeology of Cranborne Chase
Companion volume to Landscape, monuments and society: the prehistory of Cranborne Chase (1991, CUP, 0 521 32128 X) containing papers which review the economic and artefactual evidence from the Cranborne Chase project. John Corney of Iron Age material collected by Martin Green, discussed with reference to Iron Age finds by Pitt Rivers, and includes a list of coins. BOC
1991
Past and present soil erosion: archaeological and geological perspectives
1992
Patterns of the past: essays in landscape archaeology for Christopher Taylor
1999
Roman small towns in eastern England and beyond
Presents a majority of papers given at the conference held in 1992 at Leicester, along with some additional contributions. The volume is introduced in a preface entitled `Roman small towns, medieval small towns and markets' by A E Brown (1--6) -- this considers the characterisation the `small town' in both periods, with particular reference to Northamptonshire. `Small towns: the British perspective', by Barry C Burnham (7--17), is a general review of previous work that highlights some future research priorities. `The aerial view', by D R Wilson (19--28), looks at the contribution of areal survey. `Strategies for Roman small towns', by Martin Millett (29--37), considers ideas for future research aimed at elucidating the roles of small town sites in Roman Britain. `Surveying small towns: the Romano-British roadside settlement at Shiptonthorpe, East Yorkshire', by Jeremy Taylor (39--52), reports on a research project assessing the value of various surface analysis techniques for studying the morphology and chronological development of small town sites. `Small towns and villages of Roman Norfolk: the evidence of surface metal-detector finds' is considered by David Gurney (53--67). `A hole in the distribution map: the characteristics of small towns in Suffolk', by Judith Plouviez (69--80), discusses settlement hierarchy and the definition of small towns in a county that appears to lack such sites (according to published distribution maps). `Roman small towns in Leicestershire' are discussed by Peter Liddle (81--94). `Some Roman small towns in north Lincolnshire and South Humberside', by Ben Whitwell (95--102), examines sites at Owmby, Hibaldstow, Winteringham, and Kirmington. `When is a town not a town? “Small towns” on the Nene and Welland in their context', by Frances Condron (103--18), looks at the economic basis of towns and the nature of Romanisation in the Durobrivae, Ashton, and Great Casterton area. `Kelvedon and the fort myth in the development of Roman small towns in Essex', by Michael Eddy (119--28), examines the now rejected hypothesis that a fort existed at the settlement and considers the general patterns of settlement and fort building in Essex and London. `New thoughts on town defences in the western territory of the Catuvellauni', by Charmian Woodfield (129--46), suggests that the apparently anomalous defended roadside settlement at Towcester (Northamptonshire) actually represents a relatively common phenomenon in the region. `Durobrivae, Chesterton, Cambridgeshire', by D F Mackreth (147--55), summarises what is known about the town. The results of many years excavations at `Sapperton' (Lincolnshire) are summarised by Brian Simmons (157--65). Roman settlement in and around `Sandy' (Bedfordshire) is discussed by Michael Dawson (167--76). `The plan of Romano-British Baldock, Hertfordshire' is described by Gilbert Burleigh (177--82). Comparative European evidence is then examined in `Secondary urban centres in Gaul', by Anthony King (183--92), and `Small towns of the Ubii and Cugerni/Baetasii Civitates (Lower Germany)', by Michael Gechter (193--203). A concluding overview is provided in `Small towns: then, now -- and then?', by John Wacher (205--8).
1995
Romano-British cavemen: cave use in Roman Britain
Publishes the results of a two year research programme (see also 92/452, 92/1287, 92/1342--3). After a brief introduction, the first chapter outlines the origins and development of the research programme. The objectives and research strategy are described, and the extent to which the aims were achieved is assessed. Chapter two initially considers cave environments and the factors which suit them to certain purposes. Recent evidence for the use of caves is then used to propose several models of cave usage. These models are applied to the interpretation of Romano-British cave sites in chapter three, although it is cautioned that the evidence from such sites is of uneven quality and often complicated by multiplicity of use. Chapter four examines the chronological and spatial distribution of Romano-British cave usage; the date range of forty sites in seven regional areas is summarised in tabular form. The final chapter looks at Romano-British caves in relation to the settlement, market economy and rural economy of Roman Britain in general. Further information is contained in `Appendix 1: a list of caves and museums visited during the research programme' and `Appendix 2: the proposed functional attribution of caves used during the Romano-British period' (64--5), while `Appendix 3: unpublished or poorly published Romano-British finds from various caves' (66--79) contains illustrations and descriptions of bronze brooches and other metal artefacts. There is also `An outline gazetteer of Romano-British caves' (81--113).
1992
The accomplished art: gold and gold--working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c~2300--650~BC)
George Eogan
Study of the Bronze Age gold objects from Britain and Ireland, beginning with the history of their discovery, collection and publication, and the evidence for location and extraction of gold, and continuing with surveys of the four periods when gold--working was a significant feature during the Bronze Age. An Appendix (119-58) contains lists of British--Irish gold objects.
1994
The chambered tombs of south-west Wales: a re-assessment of the Neolithic burial monuments of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire
Christopher Thompson Barker
A study of the megalithic chambered tombs of the area which represent a local development within a widespread Neolithic tradition. As a group the tombs have been relatively neglected by archaeologists and this study incorporates the first modern reassessment of those monuments within the former counties of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire. The introduction documents past antiquarian and archaeological investigation of the sites and considers the deficiencies and limitations of these earlier studies. There is an inventory comprising a review of every site within the two counties which has ever been described as a cromlech or chambered tomb. The descriptive account of each site is drawn from the available antiquarian and archaeological records, together with detail obtained by personal survey. Fresh plans and elevations have been prepared for the majority of the monuments at which chamber-like structures remain. A discussion section reviews present knowledge of the Neolithic in South Wales and the archaeological evidence recovered from the tombs of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire. Critical examination of the perceived tomb typologies cast doubts on the validity of imposing systems of classification on such diverse and disturbed sites. In particular the alleged dominance of the portal dolmen within the region can no longer be sustained. The conclusion examines how current archaeological research may modify our understanding of the Neolithic period in South Wales.
1992
The medieval landscape of Wessex
A series of papers presents evidence for various aspects of Anglo-Saxon and medieval Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire and Avon. A preface by Maurice Beresford (vii-viii) is followed by an introduction by Michael Aston & Carenza Lewis (1--12). Bruce Eagles (13--32) describes Anglo-Saxon settlement in `The archaeological evidence for settlement in the fifth to seventh centuries AD'. The later Saxon period is discussed by David A Hinton (33--46) in `The archaeology of eighth- to eleventh-century Wessex'. The church from the Roman period to the Reformation is discussed by P H Hase (47--81) in `The church in the Wessex heartlands', and the Early Medieval territorial framework is presented by Della Hooke (83--95) in `The administrative and settlement framework of Early Medieval Wessex'. Michael Costen (97--113) gives evidence of Anglo-Saxon charters in `Settlement in Wessex in the tenth century: the charter evidence'. Royal Forests are explored by James Bond (115--58) in `Forests, chases, warrens and parks in medieval Wessex'. There follow four papers on specific settlement issues: `Agriculture and rural settlement in the chalklands of Wiltshire and Hampshire from c 1200 to c 1500' by John Hare (159--69), `Patterns and processes in the medieval settlement of Wiltshire' by Carenza Lewis (171--93), `Towns and villages in medieval Hampshire' by Michael Hughes (195--212) and `The regular village plan: Dorset revisited and revised' by C C Taylor (213--18). The final papers are devoted to Somerset: `Medieval settlement studies in Somerset' by Michael Aston (219--37), `Medieval wetland reclamation in Somerset' by Stephen Rippon (239--53) and `Protecting medieval settlement sites in Somerset' by R A Croft (255--69).
1994
Trade and exchange in prehistoric Europe
1993
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