The defences of the lower city:

Metadata

Title:

Subtitle:

excavations at The Park and West Parade 1970--2 and a discussion of other sites excavated up to 1994

Series:

Council for British Archaeology Research Reports

Volume:

114

Number of Pages:

304

Downloads:

RR114.pdf (12 MB) :

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Licence Type:

ADS Terms of Use and Access

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5284/1081768

Publication Type:

Monograph (in Series)

Abstract:

Volume concerned principally with two large scale excavations which took place on the line of the western defences of the lower walled Roman city. The discoveries are set into the context of other evidence that has emerged for the lower circuit. Timber structures from the early second century predated the construction of the defences. The earliest fortifications, consisting of a wall, sand and clay rampart and contemporary ditch, were being built towards the end of the second century and the rampart was subsequently extended and interval towers added. Major refurbishment took place during the fourth century. Reoccupation of an urban nature did not occur in this area before the eleventh century, with the remains of yards to the rear of properties further east being found. Finds include an important assemblage of Roman pottery, plus medieval pottery groups, animal bones and other medieval material. A critical study is included of both earlier and more recent discoveries of remains of the lower defences, while the sequence and its significance are discussed in detail. A synthesis of the evidence for the Roman defensive system is put forward, to compare with both the upper circuit and with other sites. The medieval evidence is set against documentary sources. Includes French and German summaries; contributions include

Author:

Christina Colyer
Michael J Jones
Brian J J Gilmour

Editor:

Michael J Jones

Publisher:

Council for British Archaeology

Year of Publication:

1999

ISBN:

1 872414 88 5

Note:

Is Portmanteau:1Editorial Expansion:Archaeology of Lincoln Vol VII--2

Source:

BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))

Relations:

Created Date:

28 Apr 2005

	Author / Editor	Page Start/End
I. The Park: excavations 1968--72: introduction	Michael J Jones	2 - 5
I. The Park: excavations 1968--72: excavations 1970--2	Michael J Jones Christina Colyer	6 - 43
I. The Park: excavations 1968--72: the finds	Michael J Jones	44 - 178
Architectural stonework	Tom F C Blagg	44 - 50
Mortar samples	Graham C Morgan Michael J Jones	50 - 51
Roman coins	Jennifer E Mann	51 - 52
Medieval coins and jetons	Marion M Archibald	52
Roman pottery: introduction and discussion	Margaret J Darling	52 - 70
Roman pottery: samian ware	Joanna Bird	70 - 72
Roman pottery: samian: site evidence	Margaret J Darling	72 - 75
Roman pottery: samian stamps	Brenda Dickinson	75 - 78
Roman pottery: decorated samian	Joanna Bird	79 - 84
Roman pottery: coarse pottery	Margaret J Darling	84 - 108
Roman pottery: mortaria	Margaret J Darling	108 - 114
Roman pottery: mortarium stamps	Katharine F Hartley	111 - 112
Roman pottery: amphorae	Margaret J Darling David Williams	114 - 121
Roman pottery: painted, decorated and stamped ware	Margaret J Darling Valery Rigby	121 - 123
Roman pottery: the Camaro beaker	Valery Rigby	121
Roman pottery: discussion of selected groups by period	Margaret J Darling	123 - 135
Post-Roman pottery	Sarah Jennings Christine Jones	135 - 138
Roman glass	H E M Cool Jennifer Price	138 - 145
Post-medieval glass	Julian Henderson	145 - 146
Other artefacts	Jennifer E Mann	146 - 169
Animal bones	Sally Scott	169 - 178
I. The Park: excavations 1968--72: summary of the sequence at The Park	Michael J Jones	179 - 181
II. West Parade 1971--2: excavations	Brian J J Gilmour	184 - 204
II. West Parade 1971--2: the finds	Michael J Jones	205 - 246
Mortar samples	Graham C Morgan Michael J Jones	205 - 206
Roman coins	Jennifer E Mann	206
Medieval coins, jetons and tokens	Marion M Archibald	206 - 207
Roman pottery	Margaret J Darling	207 - 210
Roman pottery: decorated samian	Joanna Bird	209
Roman pottery: West Parade: samian stamps	Brenda Dickinson	210
Medieval and later pottery	Jane Young	210 - 222
The Roman glass from West Parade	H E M Cool Jennifer Price	222 - 223
Medieval and later glass	Julian Henderson	223 - 224
Other artefacts	Jennifer E Mann	224 - 236
Lead waste from late 4th century oven flue (II CU)	Brian J J Gilmour	236
Animal bones	Sally Scott	236 - 246
II. West Parade 1971--2: summary and conclusions: the Roman period	Brian J J Gilmour Michael J Jones	247 - 249
III. Other sites on the lower defences	Michael J Jones	251 - 256
IV. General discussion	Michael J Jones	257 - 267
The Roman period	Michael J Jones	259 - 262
Medieval and later occupation of the SW part of the Lower City	Brian J J Gilmour David Roffe	262 - 267

Jones, M. J., ed. (1999). The defences of the lower city:. York: Council for British Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.5284/1081768. Cite this via datacite

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