Elsworth, D. W. and Mace, T. (2023). Castle Green, Carlisle, Cumbria: Archaeological Watching Brief. Ulverston: Greenlane Archaeology Ltd. https://doi.org/10.5284/1112976. Cite this using datacite

Title
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Title:		 Castle Green, Carlisle, Cumbria: Archaeological Watching Brief
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Series:		 Greenlane Archaeology Ltd unpublished report series
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greenlan1-518435_214183.pdf (996 kB) : Download
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DOI
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1112976
Publication Type
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Publication Type:		 Report (in Series)
Abstract
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Abstract:		 Greenlane Archaeology was commissioned to carry out a watching brief during the installation of a new fire hydrant on Castle Green, Carlisle, Cumbria. The site is located within the Scheduled Monument area for the castle and an area of high potential for Roman and medieval archaeology given its location within the area of the Roman fort. The work was carried out on the 28th February and 1st of March 2023. Carlisle Castle is located on the site of a Roman fort established in the 1st century AD, which grew into a major Roman city and then went on to be the focus of an important early medieval and medieval settlement on the River Eden and the border with Scotland. A castle was first established on the site at the end of the 11th century but the earliest surviving fabric is largely 12th century and later. It remained of strategic importance into the 16th century but as conflict on the border decreased by the end of the 18th century it gradually began to lose significance and as a result, maintenance was not kept up. During the 19th and into the 20th century it became an important garrison and, although not used for defence, was at least maintained. The ground works comprised the hand-excavation of a single pit approximately 1m wide and 2.5m long, around the location of an existing stop on the mains water pipe, adjacent to a manhole cover. A range of deposits were revealed, comprising an initial layer of topsoil, a former surface of probable 20th century date, and a dumped or made ground deposit of likely late 19th or early 20th century date. These were cut through by the initial excavation for the water pipe and then later modified to add the brick chamber for the stop. However, beneath this was a surviving deposit of soft material that contained medieval finds, and was probably the same horticultural horizon encountered during excavations on the nearby Millennium site. Although limited in size and disturbed by later activity, the watching brief demonstrated that surviving in situ deposits of at least medieval date are present in this area. Consequently, underlying earlier deposits must also have survived below.
Author
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Author:		 Daniel W Elsworth
Thomas Mace
Publisher
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Publisher:		 Greenlane Archaeology Ltd
Year of Publication
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Year of Publication:		 2023
Locations
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Locations:
District: Carlisle
County: Cumbria
Country: England
Parish: Carlisle, unparished area
Grid Reference: 339753, 556145 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
WATCHING BRIEF (Event)
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OASIS Id: greenlan1-518435
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Created Date:		 23 Aug 2023