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A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire Improvement Scheme: Digital Archive for Archaeological Works

MOLA Headland Infrastructure, 2020. (updated 2025) https://doi.org/10.5284/1081262.

Context 281064

How to cite this record.

Context Information

Context number	281064
Parent context number	281063
Child context number(s)	None
Group number	610 (Inhumation Burial)
Settlement ?	Fenstanton Gravels 4
General Period of Feature	Middle-Late Iron Age
A14 Area	Fenstanton Gravels (TEA28)
Associated digital archive	MOLA Headland Infrastructure (2025) A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon Improvement Scheme: Digital Archive for Archaeological Works at Fenstanton Gravels Landscape Block, 2016-2018 [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1081254

Context Sheet(s)

Context sheet for context 281064
Filename	A14-TEA28-CN281064.pdf (116 kB)	PDF	Download
PDFs containing multiple context sheets are also available in the project archive: A14 Fenstanton Gravels Context Sheets (281051-281598)		PDF	Download

Finds

Small Find Number	Object Type	Material	Period of Find	More Information	Find Photograph
28026	Quern (identification uncertain)	Stone	Unknown	view Find Information for small find number 28026 Object: Quern Object identification uncertain: yes Accession number: 28026 Material: Stone Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Household utensils and furniture Small find period: Unknown Period of stratigraphy: Iron Age Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: QUERN? Count of fragments: 1 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 1 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 0 the object has been discarded?: 0	Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28026 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28026 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information
78674	Nail	Iron	Iron Age	view Find Information for small find number 78674 Object: Nail Accession number: 78674 Material: Iron Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Nails Small find period: Iron Age Period of stratigraphy: Iron Age Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: SHANK 2nd typology: M Completeness: IC Weight: 1g Count of fragments: 1 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 0 Method of recovery: Wet Sieved Was the object discovered during survey?: 0 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 0 the object has been discarded?: 0	Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 78674 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 78674 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 78674 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 78674 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information

Building Material

Fabric	Form	Material	Number of Pieces Recovered and Weight	Fabric Dates	Comments
Daub	Unkown	Daub	0 (10g)		view ASSESSMENT: FIRED CLAY/DAUB. WEIGHT ONLY. MIXED FABRICS.

Human Remains

Disarticulated human bone

Preservation	Age group	Sex estimate	Comments
Good	Adult	Undetermined	view PARTIAL MANDIBLE RECOVERED FROM UPPER FILL OF DITCH [281063] OVERLYING INHUMATION [281210]. SAMPLE 28215 UNSIDED PROXIMAL FOOT AND HAND PHALANX. CONTEXT ALSO CONTAINS MULTIPLE SMALL FRAGMENTS OF LONG BONE, VERTEBRAE,L? PATELLA, PARTIAL ,TALUS, R MEDIAL CUNEIFORM AND 1ST MT HEAD. RECORDED SEPARATELY AS INHUMATION AT ASSESSMENT. BUT DISARTIC, POSS PART OF [281210]. SIMILAR SIZE AND PRESERVATION, NO REPEAT ELEMENTS, NO ARTICULATION TO PROVE ASSOC. DELETE ASSESS INHUMATION [281064] C14 SUERC-85552 (GU50640) - 390-208 CAL BC (DATE (95.4%) TEETH (47,46, 45, 41, 31, 32, 33, 34 LOST POST-MORTEM)

Disarticulated bones

Bone number	Bone type	Bone segments	Bone pathology
B22	Mandible R	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Cranial segment note: Most of the cranial bones are scored as a single digit, the exceptions to this are the sphenoid and occipital bones, recorded as binary arrays. The sphenoid is recorded as five separate elements, the basisphenoid or body (B12) is recorded as a single digit. Each of the two wings (B11/B13) is recorded as a two-digit array, the first digit corresponding to the greater wing and the second digit corresponding to the lesser wing. The occipital bone is recorded relative to its four primary centres, the basioccipital (=pars basilaris) in B15, the exoccipitals (=pars lateralis) in B14 and B16 and the squamous portion in B17. The mandible is recorded as two halves: the right and the left.
B23	Mandible L	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Cranial segment note: Most of the cranial bones are scored as a single digit, the exceptions to this are the sphenoid and occipital bones, recorded as binary arrays. The sphenoid is recorded as five separate elements, the basisphenoid or body (B12) is recorded as a single digit. Each of the two wings (B11/B13) is recorded as a two-digit array, the first digit corresponding to the greater wing and the second digit corresponding to the lesser wing. The occipital bone is recorded relative to its four primary centres, the basioccipital (=pars basilaris) in B15, the exoccipitals (=pars lateralis) in B14 and B16 and the squamous portion in B17. The mandible is recorded as two halves: the right and the left.
B53	M. Prox. Phalanges Unsided	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Phalanges segment note: The hand (manual) phalanges are divided into proximal, intermediate and distal rows. Those phalanges that can be readily sided should be recorded as such (cells B52, B55 and B58 for right and B54, B57 and B60 for left). Uncertain cases can be totalled in cells B53, B56 and B59 as unsided. Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten.
B70	Patella L	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0
B78	Talus L	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Feet segment note: The calcaneum and talus are recorded separately from the rest of the tarsal bones as a single digit in each (B75/76 and B77/78 respectively). The remaining tarsal bones are recorded as a five digit binary array corresponding to the following sequence: navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and lateral cuneiform. The foot (pedal) phalanges (B83-91) are recorded in the same way as the manual phalanges (see 2.2.4). Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten. Hallucial sesamoids can be counted as 1 or 2 for left and right or 1-4 for unsided sesamoids.
B79	Tarsals R	view Bone segment 1: 0 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Feet segment note: The calcaneum and talus are recorded separately from the rest of the tarsal bones as a single digit in each (B75/76 and B77/78 respectively). The remaining tarsal bones are recorded as a five digit binary array corresponding to the following sequence: navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and lateral cuneiform. The foot (pedal) phalanges (B83-91) are recorded in the same way as the manual phalanges (see 2.2.4). Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten. Hallucial sesamoids can be counted as 1 or 2 for left and right or 1-4 for unsided sesamoids.
B80	Tarsals L	view Bone segment 1: 0 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Feet segment note: The calcaneum and talus are recorded separately from the rest of the tarsal bones as a single digit in each (B75/76 and B77/78 respectively). The remaining tarsal bones are recorded as a five digit binary array corresponding to the following sequence: navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and lateral cuneiform. The foot (pedal) phalanges (B83-91) are recorded in the same way as the manual phalanges (see 2.2.4). Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten. Hallucial sesamoids can be counted as 1 or 2 for left and right or 1-4 for unsided sesamoids.
B81	Metatarsals 1-5 R	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Feet segment note: The calcaneum and talus are recorded separately from the rest of the tarsal bones as a single digit in each (B75/76 and B77/78 respectively). The remaining tarsal bones are recorded as a five digit binary array corresponding to the following sequence: navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and lateral cuneiform. The foot (pedal) phalanges (B83-91) are recorded in the same way as the manual phalanges (see 2.2.4). Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten. Hallucial sesamoids can be counted as 1 or 2 for left and right or 1-4 for unsided sesamoids.
B84	P. Prox. Phalanges Unsided	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Phalanges segment note: The hand (manual) phalanges are divided into proximal, intermediate and distal rows. Those phalanges that can be readily sided should be recorded as such (cells B52, B55 and B58 for right and B54, B57 and B60 for left). Uncertain cases can be totalled in cells B53, B56 and B59 as unsided. Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten.
B87	P. Int. Phalanges Unsided	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Phalanges segment note: The hand (manual) phalanges are divided into proximal, intermediate and distal rows. Those phalanges that can be readily sided should be recorded as such (cells B52, B55 and B58 for right and B54, B57 and B60 for left). Uncertain cases can be totalled in cells B53, B56 and B59 as unsided. Cells B52-54 should add up to no more than ten, cells B55-57 should add up to no more than eight and cells B58-60 should add up to no more than ten.
T42	Mandible R I2	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Tooth segment note: 1 Tooth and socket present, 2 Tooth lost post-mortem (socket present), 3 Tooth lost ante-mortem (socket present), 4 Congenital absence (socket present), 5 Tooth present (no socket), 6 Tooth erupting (socket present), 7 Deciduous retention null Tooth and socket absent (area missing)	view Pathology locations for object 895170, bone no T42 Pathology code: 1055 Pathology: Dental Disease: Miscellaneous Comments: heavy dental wear (grade 3)
T43	Mandible R C	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Tooth segment note: 1 Tooth and socket present, 2 Tooth lost post-mortem (socket present), 3 Tooth lost ante-mortem (socket present), 4 Congenital absence (socket present), 5 Tooth present (no socket), 6 Tooth erupting (socket present), 7 Deciduous retention null Tooth and socket absent (area missing)	view Pathology locations for object 895170, bone no T43 Pathology code: 1055 Pathology: Dental Disease: Miscellaneous Comments: heavy dental wear (grade 3)
T44	Mandible R P3	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Tooth segment note: 1 Tooth and socket present, 2 Tooth lost post-mortem (socket present), 3 Tooth lost ante-mortem (socket present), 4 Congenital absence (socket present), 5 Tooth present (no socket), 6 Tooth erupting (socket present), 7 Deciduous retention null Tooth and socket absent (area missing)	view Pathology locations for object 895170, bone no T44 Pathology code: 1055 Pathology: Dental Disease: Miscellaneous Comments: heavy dental wear (grade 3)
T48	Mandible R M3	view Bone segment 1: 1 Bone segment 2: 0 Bone segment 3: 0 Bone segment 4: 0 Bone segment 5: 0 Bone segment 6: 0 Bone segment 7: 0 Bone segment 8: 0 Tooth segment note: 1 Tooth and socket present, 2 Tooth lost post-mortem (socket present), 3 Tooth lost ante-mortem (socket present), 4 Congenital absence (socket present), 5 Tooth present (no socket), 6 Tooth erupting (socket present), 7 Deciduous retention null Tooth and socket absent (area missing)	view Pathology locations for object 895170, bone no T48 Pathology code: 1055 Pathology: Dental Disease: Miscellaneous Comments: heavy dental wear (grade 3)

Animal Remains Data

Animal Remains Summary

Sample 0
Sample number	0
State of preservation	MODERATE
Weight	0.063g
Animal remains type(s) present	Cattle
Number of bones large mammals	4
Number of bones medium mammals	2
Summary notes	BOS LM3 & LDP4

Sample 28194
Sample number	28194
State of preservation	POOR
Weight	0.002g
Animal remains type(s) present	Human
Number of bones medium mammals	98
Number of identifiable epiphyses	1
Summary notes	UNID; HUMAN PH HAND&FOOT - EXTRACTED FOR OSTEOS

Sample 28213
Sample number	28213
State of preservation	MODERATE
Weight	0.002g
Number of bones medium mammals	3
Number of burnt bones	3
Summary notes	UNID

Sample 28215
Sample number	28215
State of preservation	MODERATE
Weight	0.019g
Number of bones medium mammals	14
Number of identifiable epiphyses	1
Number of burnt bones	1

Environmental Data

Processed samples

Sample number	Volume proccessed (L)	Volume wet-sieved (L)	Type of flotation	Volume of flotted material (L)	Comments	Assessment results
28194	20	0	Dry	20		view Environmental processed samples contents for sample number 28194 (2 records) Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: CHD WOOD Abundance: Abundant Diversity: Low Comments: UP TO 10MM FRGS Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: BONE MISC Abundance: Occasional
28213	20	0	Dry	20		view Environmental processed samples contents for sample number 28213 (3 records) Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: CHD WOOD Abundance: Moderate Diversity: Low Comments: UP TO 12MM FRGS Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: BONE MISC Abundance: Occasional Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: CHD MISC Abundance: Occasional
28214	10	0	Dry	10		view Environmental processed samples contents for sample number 28214 (1 records) Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: CHD WOOD Abundance: Abundant Diversity: Low Comments: UP TO 10MM FRGS
28215	26	0	Dry	26		view Environmental processed samples contents for sample number 28215 (3 records) Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: BONE S MAM Abundance: Occasional Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: BONE MISC Abundance: Occasional Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: CHD WOOD Abundance: Occasional Diversity: Low Comments: UP TO 7MM FRGS

Botany Data

Flotation (sample 28194)
Sample number	28194
Process	Flotation
Volume processed (L)	20
Volume flotted (L)	20
Abundance of charred wood	50+
Diversity of charred wood	1-3 taxa
Comments	FILL OF PIT WITH LARGE BURNT STONES

Flotation (sample 28213)
Sample number	28213
Process	Flotation
Volume processed (L)	20
Volume flotted (L)	20
Abundance of charred wood	11-50
Diversity of charred wood	1-3 taxa
Comments	BURIAL PITFALL- TOP LAYER OF PITFALL

Wet sieving (sample 28213)
Sample number	28213
Process	Wet sieving
Volume processed (L)	20
Volume flotted (L)	20
Abundance of charred miscellaneous	1-10
Diversity of charred miscellaneous	0
Comments	BURIAL PITFALL- TOP LAYER OF PITFALL

Flotation (sample 28214)
Sample number	28214
Process	Flotation
Volume processed (L)	10
Volume flotted (L)	10
Abundance of charred wood	50+
Diversity of charred wood	1-3 taxa
Comments	LOWER FILL OF BURIAL PIT

Flotation (sample 28215)
Sample number	28215
Process	Flotation
Volume processed (L)	26
Volume flotted (L)	26
Abundance of charred wood	1-10
Diversity of charred wood	1-3 taxa
Comments	MID DEPTH FILL OF BURIAL PIT

Radiocarbon Dating

Sample material	BONE
Material type	HUMAN BONE, TIBIA
Context description	INHUMATION TIGHTLY BOUND
General comments	Sample ID
Laboratory name	SUERC
Laboratory sample code	85552 (GU50640)
Uncalibrated date - Conventional radiocarbon age	2247
Conventional radiocarbon age error range	24
Primary early calibrated date range	-390
Primary late calibrated date range	-208
Primary calibrated date range confidence	95.4%