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A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire Improvement Scheme: Digital Archive for Archaeological Works

MOLA Headland Infrastructure, 2020. (updated 2025) https://doi.org/10.5284/1081262.

Context 285623

How to cite this record.

Context Information

Context number	285623
Parent context number	285615
Child context number(s)	None
Group number	169 (Inhumation Burial)
Land use interpretation	Cemetery (C4)
Settlement ?	Fenstanton Gravels 4
General Period of Feature	Late Roman
A14 Area	Fenstanton Gravels (TEA28)
Associated digital archive	MOLA Headland Infrastructure (2025) A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon Improvement Scheme: Digital Archive for Archaeological Works at Fenstanton Gravels Landscape Block, 2016-2018 [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1081254

Context Sheet(s)

Context sheet for context 285623
Filename	A14-TEA28-CN285623.pdf (311 kB)	PDF	Download
PDFs containing multiple context sheets are also available in the project archive: A14 Fenstanton Gravels Context Sheets (285400-285724)		PDF	Download

Finds

Small Find Number	Object Type	Material	Period of Find	More Information	Specialist find information	Find Photograph
28521	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (260 - 296)	view Find Information for small find number 28521 Object: Coin Accession number: 28521 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 260 Late date: 296 Description: Obv radiate bust r / standing figure Weight: 1g Diameter: 20 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28521 Coin type: COIN Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Axis of coin: 6 Notes: NOT IN TH'S LIST - NOT RECEIVED IN LONDON? DOWN AS COPP NAIL - ACTUALLY A COIN - DETAILS CHANGED TO MATCH Catalogue Entry: Obv radiate bust r / standing figure
28524	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (268 - 270)	view Find Information for small find number 28524 Object: Coin Accession number: 28524 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 268 Late date: 270 Description: Obv ]C VICTORIN[, radiate bust r. Rev standing figure. Weight: 2g Diameter: 17 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28524 Coin type: COIN Ruler under which coin was minted: VICTORINUS Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Denomination: Radiate Coin period after Richard Reece: 13 (260-275) Axis of coin: 6 Notes: BURIAL Catalogue Entry: Obv ]C VICTORIN[, radiate bust r. Rev standing figure.
28525	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28525 Object: Coin Accession number: 28525 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv traces of a radiate bust r. Rev [PA]X AVG, Pax standing l. Completeness: IC Weight: 4g Diameter: 25 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28525 Coin type: COPY Ruler under which coin was minted: VICTORINUS Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Extremely worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Condition of coin: Corroded Coin reference: cf Victorinus, Cunetio 2529 Axis of coin: 12 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv traces of a radiate bust r. Rev [PA]X AVG, Pax standing l.
28526	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28526 Object: Coin Accession number: 28526 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv radiate bust r. Rev ]VG, ?standing figure Weight: 1g Diameter: 18 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28526 Coin type: COPY Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Extremely worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Axis of coin: 6 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv radiate bust r. Rev ]VG, ?standing figure
28527	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28527 Object: Coin Accession number: 28527 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: (Victorinus), AD 275 ? 85; ?irregular. Diam 19mm; Wt 1.0g. Ax 2; Wr C/D. Obv ]F AV[, radiate bust r. Rev Salus standing l, feeding serpent above altar. Weight: 1g Diameter: 19 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28527 Coin type: COPY Ruler under which coin was minted: VICTORINUS Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Coin reference: ref Axis of coin: 2 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: (Victorinus), AD 275 ? 85; ?irregular. Diam 19mm; Wt 1.0g. Ax 2; Wr C/D. Obv ]F AV[, radiate bust r. Rev Salus standing l, feeding serpent above altar.
28528	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28528 Object: Coin Accession number: 28528 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv radiate bust r. Rev SALV[,Salus standing l, feeding serpent above altar. Weight: 1g Diameter: 17 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28528 Coin type: COPY Ruler under which coin was minted: VICTORINUS Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Axis of coin: 2 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv radiate bust r. Rev SALV[,Salus standing l, feeding serpent above altar.
28529	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28529 Object: Coin Accession number: 28529 Material: Copper Alloy Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv radiate bust r. Rev standing figure with cornucopiae ? Salus / Pax ? Weight: 2g Estimated vessel equivalents represented by this material: 0.0 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 0 Diameter: 17 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 0 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28529 Coin type: COPY Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Condition of coin: Not Applicable Coin reference: Victorinus or Tetricus Axis of coin: 1 Notes: COIN (FROM BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv radiate bust r. Rev standing figure with cornucopiae ? Salus / Pax ?
28530	Nail	Iron	Roman	view Find Information for small find number 28530 Object: Nail Accession number: 28530 Material: Iron Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Nails Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: HOBNAIL 2nd typology: MP Description: Near complete?; Diam head 16mm; L 16mm; L shank 9.5mm; max W shank 5.5mm. Iron hobnail; domed head, slightly damaged at one edge with a smear of copper-alloy corrosion on the head, perhaps indicating it was found adjacent to one of the coins in the burial. Groups of hobnails in burials can indicate footwear but this single example is insufficient to demonstrate this. Completeness: NC Weight: 1g Count of fragments: 1 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 1 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0		Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28530 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28530 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information
28531	Nail (identification uncertain)	Iron	Roman	view Find Information for small find number 28531 Object: Nail Object identification uncertain: yes Accession number: 28531 Material: Iron Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Nails Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: 1B 2nd typology: PV Description: Incomplete; Diam/W (16)mm; Th (4)mm. Iron corroded plano-convex lump, extensive copper-alloy staining on surface but also iron staining and it responds to a magnet, indicating that the main constituent part is iron. It was presumably found adjacent to one of the copper-alloy coins in the context. In very poor condition but of the right size to be a Manning type 1b nail head, as others from the context, and it has a possible shank scar on the convex side. Completeness: IC Weight: 2g Count of fragments: 1 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 1 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0		Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28531 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28531 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information
28532	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28532 Object: Coin Accession number: 28532 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv faint traces of radiate bust r. Rev faint traces of standing figure. Weight: 2g Diameter: 17 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28532 Coin type: COPY Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Extremely worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Axis of coin: 6 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv faint traces of radiate bust r. Rev faint traces of standing figure.
28533	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28533 Object: Coin Accession number: 28533 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv ]F AVG, radiate but r. Rev [V]IR[TVS ? [A]VGG, Virtus l, holding shield and spear. Completeness: IC Weight: 1g Diameter: 18 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28533 Coin type: COPY Ruler under which coin was minted: TETRICUS I Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: worn Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Condition of coin: Fragment Axis of coin: 12 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv ]F AVG, radiate but r. Rev [V]IR[TVS ? [A]VGG, Virtus l, holding shield and spear.
28534	Nail	Iron	Roman	view Find Information for small find number 28534 Object: Nail Accession number: 28534 Material: Iron Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Nails Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: 1B 2nd typology: P Description: Incomplete; L 20mm ;Diam head 16mm; L shank 17mm; max W shank 5.5mm. Iron nail, rather corroded; ?flat head, probablly originally circular but now rather irregular; short square or rectangular sectioned shank. Small example of Manning type 1b. Completeness: C Weight: 2g Count of fragments: 1 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 1 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0		Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28534 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 28534 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information
28535	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (260 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 28535 Object: Coin Accession number: 28535 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 260 Late date: 285 Description: Obv.radiate bust r. Rev standing figure. Weight: 2g Diameter: 20 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 28535 Coin type: COPY Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Coin reference: uncertain if 13 regular or 14 babarous Axis of coin: 12 Notes: COIN (BURIAL) Catalogue Entry: Obv.radiate bust r. Rev standing figure.
28536	Unidentified	Iron	Roman	view Find Information for small find number 28536 Object: Unidentified Accession number: 28536 Material: Iron Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Unknown or uncertain function test Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: CORRODED LUMP Description: Incomplete. L (17)mm; W (12)mm; Th (7)mm. Corroded sub-circular iron lump. It is possible this was a circular nail head, as other finds from the context, but the form is now unintelligible. Completeness: IC Weight: 1g Count of fragments: 1 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 1 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 1
78183	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (275 - 285)	view Find Information for small find number 78183 Object: Coin Accession number: 78183 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 275 Late date: 285 Description: Obv radiate bust r. Rev standing figure. Weight: 2g Diameter: 19 Method of recovery: Wet Sieved Sample number: 28662 Was the object discovered during survey?: 0 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 78183 Coin type: COPY Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Coin period after Richard Reece: 14 (275-296) Condition of coin: Corroded Notes: FROM SAMPLE 28662 Catalogue Entry: Obv radiate bust r. Rev standing figure.
78197	Nail	Iron	Roman	view Find Information for small find number 78197 Object: Nail Accession number: 78197 Material: Iron Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Nails Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 0 Late date: 0 Typology: 7 2nd typology: P Description: Incomplete; Diam head 14mm; est L shank (15-30)+ mm; max W shank 4mm. Iron nail fragments; a flat circular head with trace of a slightly offset shank; three slender square-section shank fragments, one with a tip, non-clearly refitting but plausibly from the same nail. Range of measurements indicate whether only the largest shank fragment refitts or all do. Depending on length of shank it might be defined as either a small example of Manning type 1b or an example of type 7 with a relatively small head. Completeness: C Weight: 1g Count of fragments: 4 Estimated number of vessels represented by this material: 1 Method of recovery: Wet Sieved Sample number: 28662 Was the object discovered during survey?: 0 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0		Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 78197 Post excavation photograph of Small Find Number 78197 [DOWNLOAD] right-click and save link View file information
78218	Coin	Copper Alloy	Roman (269 - 271)	view Find Information for small find number 78218 Object: Coin Accession number: 78218 Material: Copper Alloy Material species: Unidentified Species Function: Currency Small find period: Roman Period of stratigraphy: Roman Early date: 269 Late date: 271 Typology: ROMAN COPPER-ALLOY COIN Description: Obv ]NVS P F AVG, radiate bust r. Rev corroded, illegible. Weight: 2g Diameter: 20 Method of recovery: Unrecorded - Default assumption is hand collected Was the object discovered during survey?: 0 Does the object fall under the treasure act?: 1 the object has been discarded?: 0	view coin data Coin data for small find number 78218 Coin type: COPY Ruler under which coin was minted: VICTORINUS Regime code under which coin was minted: Roman Does the coin show sign of wear?: Very Worn Denomination: Radiate Coin period after Richard Reece: 13 (260-275) Notes: FOUND STUCK TO ANOTHER COIN DURING SPECIALIST ANALYSIS Catalogue Entry: Obv ]NVS P F AVG, radiate bust r. Rev corroded, illegible.

Human Remains

Cremation

Sample number	Weight of sample	Type of cremation	Minimum number of individuals	Age group	Sex estimate	Comments
28662	45g	Other	1	Adult	Undetermined	view 3 BAGS OF RESIDUE WEIGHING 88G FILL [285623] FROM GRAVE [285615] LOCATED UNDER THE LEFT LEG OF INHUMATION SK[285650]. SAMPLE <28566> SMALL QUANTITIY OF HEAVILY FRAGMENTED UNDIAGNOSTIC BURNT BONE, WIDE RANGE OF OXIDATION COLOURS WITH SOME CHARRING. 2 X SINGLE ROOTED TOOTH ROOTS. RESIDUE TOTAL WEIGHT: 84G >2MM 40.3G (COURSE STONES/ PEA GRIT, FLINT, OCCASIONAL BONE FRAGS C. 5%), >1MM 41.5G COURSE SAND/ STONE, OCCASIONAL BONE C. 5%), <1MM 2.2G,(FINE SILT/ DUST, BONE FLAKES) 12 X COINS FOUND WITHIN DEPOSIT AND TWO FE OBJECTS F28524-36. 28521

Environmental Data

Processed samples

Sample number	Volume proccessed (L)	Volume wet-sieved (L)	Type of flotation	Volume of flotted material (L)	Comments	Assessment results
28662	10	0	Dry	10		view Environmental processed samples contents for sample number 28662 (6 records) Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: BONE MISC Abundance: Occasional Comments: OCC VERY SMALL MAMMAL BONE (INCLUDING BURNT) FRAGS Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: CHD SEEDS Abundance: Occasional Comments: TRACES CHARRED SEEDS (MEDICAGO/TRIFOLIUM, GALIUM) Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: CHD WOOD Abundance: Abundant Comments: C 50 ID'BLE CHARCOAL FRAGS Sieving/flotation process: Flotation Environmental material identified: INV BEETLES Abundance: Occasional Comments: OCC BEETLE FRAGS Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: BONE HUMAN Abundance: Moderate Sieving/flotation process: Wet sieving Environmental material identified: CHD WOOD Abundance: Moderate Comments: C 50 CHARCOAL FRAGS (?20-30 ID'BLE)

Botany Data

Flotation (sample 28662)
Sample number	28662
Process	Flotation
Volume processed (L)	10
Volume flotted (L)	10
Abundance of charred seeds	1-10
Diversity of charred seeds	0
Abundance of charred wood	50+
Diversity of charred wood	0
Comments	CREMATION ?CLINKER/COAL FRAGS; ROOTS

Wet sieving (sample 28662)
Sample number	28662
Process	Wet sieving
Volume processed (L)	10
Volume flotted (L)	10
Abundance of charred wood	11-50
Diversity of charred wood	0
Comments	CREMATION ?CLINKER/COAL FRAGS; ROOTS