| Title: |
The role of scour in shipwreck site formation processes and the preservation of wreck-associated scour signatures in the sedimentary record --
|
| Subtitle: |
evidence from seabed and sub-surface data |
| Issue: |
J Archaeol Sci 33 (10) |
| Series: |
Journal of Archaeological Science
|
| Volume: |
33
(10)
|
| Page Start/End: |
1419 - 1432 |
| Biblio Note |
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|
| Publication Type: |
Journal
|
| Abstract: |
The paper discusses fully submerged shipwreck sites as open systems, in which material (sediment, water, organic and inorganic objects) and energy (wave, tidal, storm) are exchanged across system boundaries, and formation processes are driven by some combination of chemical, biological and physical processes, with physical processes dominant in initial phases of site formation. It is argued that scouring and associated depositional patterns that form in response to hydrodynamic forcing are commonly the dominant physical processes acting at shipwreck sites. Scour is initiated by the introduction of a shipwreck to the seafloor, leading to increases in flow velocity and turbulent intensity around the structure. Near-field and far-field scour pits form at wreck sites due to the interaction of horseshoe and lee wake vortices with the mobile substrate. The morphology of resultant scour signatures is controlled by the orientation of the wreck structure in relation to the prevailing hydrodynamic regime, the morphology and size of the wreck and individual site components, the hydrodynamic regime (currents, waves or combined waves and currents), bathymetry and the geology of the site (seafloor and sub-surface conditions). Individual objects or artefacts may act as nuclei to promote scour at a local scale. Under high-energy conditions, groups of artefacts and/or disarticulated structural components emanating from a wreck may compound natural scour processes by rolling or sliding. It is suggested that, under suitable environmental conditions, wreck-associated scour features can be preserved in the sedimentary record. |
| Year of Publication: |
2006
|
| Subjects / Periods: |
| System Boundaries (Auto Detected Subject) |
| Artefacts (Auto Detected Subject) |
| Horseshoe (Auto Detected Subject) |
|
PIT
(Monument Type England)
|
|
| Source: |
BIAB
(The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
|
| Relations: |
|
| Created Date: |
12 Jun 2007 |
