Abstract: |
The 19th century saw the hastening of a number of trends that were already evident in the 18th. In domestic architecture, the age of the great aristocratic townhouse was over. Subdivision, demolition or non-domestic use was the fate that awaited most of the great mansions. New housing was tenemental and, as the century wore on, often of very poor quality. One reason for that was the intensification of industrialisation in the area and the influx of workers, often immigrants from Ireland or the Highlands, needed to supply these industries. The social profile of Canongate changed enormously over the 19th-century and nowhere was this better illustrated than Queensberry House, which began its descent in the scale of degradation in 1803. The story of this process starts with the conversion into a barracks and hospital at the beginning of the century. but, in order to understand it in its wider social, urban and architectural contexts, this chapter, having sketched out this transfer process, will go on to explore the built environment of the Parliament site and the wider Canongate in relation to the key themes of hospitals and refuge, trade and industry, and finally, housing. |