Welfare, H. G. (2004). Variation in the form of the Ditch, and of its equivalents, on Hadrian's Wall. Archaeologia Aeliana Series 5. Vol 33, pp. 9-23. https://doi.org/10.5284/1061121.  Cite this via datacite

Title: Variation in the form of the Ditch, and of its equivalents, on Hadrian's Wall
Issue: Archaeologia Aeliana Series 5
Series: Archaeologia Aeliana
Volume: 33
Page Start/End: 9 - 23
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International Licence
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1061121
Publication Type: Journal
Abstract: The paper describes and discusses the pragmatic responses, in the design of the ditch, to the defensive potential of the topography. The asymmetrical `one-sided ditch' is identified, usually associated with a narrow counterscarp bank which should be distinguished from the glacis, her and on the Antonine Wall. The extension of the outer scarp of the counterscarp bank, or of that of the berm (or a combination of the two) was used to make the transition between the ditch and the natural defences of the crags. In some areas only the topsoil was scraped up. Where no ditch was provided the Wall itself may have been built higher.
Author: Humphrey G Welfare
Year of Publication: 2004
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ADS Archive (ADS Archive)
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Created Date: 30 May 2019