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J Archaeol Sci 34 (7)
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Title:
J Archaeol Sci 34 (7)
Series:
Journal of Archaeological Science
Volume:
34 (7)
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor:
Karl W Butzer
John P Grattan
Thilo Rehren
Richard G Klein
Publisher:
Elsevier Science
Year of Publication:
2007
Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations:
URI:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403
Created Date:
03 Dec 2007
Article Title
Access Type
Author / Editor
Page Start/End
Abstract
New methods for the identification of evidence for bitting on horse remains from archaeological sites
Robin Bendrey
1036 - 1050
The article describes alterations to equid lower second premolars and diastemata from a series of known life history equids and a number of archaeological horse specimens from the British Iron Age. Two new methods for recording bit wear are proposed involving the analysis of the extent and morphology of enamel/dentine exposure on the anterior edge of LP2s and analysis of the extent of new bone formation and bone loss to the diastema of the mandible. It is suggested that when a bit is used on a horse it acts more frequently on the anterior margin of the LP2 than has previously been thought and that repeated contact between the bit and the LP2s and diastemata results in recognisable damage to these areas of the mouth.
Histomorphometric analysis of bone tissue from a neolithic skeleton
Martin Teschner
1130 - 1134
The histomorphometric analysis of Neolithic bone tissue from the radiomorphometrically unaffected ninth thoracic vertebral body of a 20--25 year old man showed significantly elevated bone volume in comparison to the contemporary findings (BV/TV, 28.72% versus 20%). Also the number of trabeculae was clearly higher (Tb.N.: 17.7 cm versus 5.4 cm). The mean width (Tb.Th.) of the plate-shaped trabeculae was 160 μm and 180 μm. Thus, they were significantly wider than current normal findings of 120 μm. These results show a structural, obviously multifactual ly caused degeneration of spongy bone within the last 6,200 years, representing a relatively short period in relation to evolutionary criteria. With regards to the irretrievable loss of preserved bone substance the indication to histomorphometric diagnostic has to be restricted; tissue sampling is only to happen after the carrying-out of all possible non-invasive methods of investigation as well as a comprehensive photo and film documentation. Observing these conditions further fundamental findings for the evolution of bone tissue can be expected through histomorphometry. German data.
Neutrons as a probe of large volume specimens: the case of archaeological pottery findings
Donatella Barilaro
Vincenza Crupi
Domenico Majolino
Valentina Venuti
Germana Barone
W Kockelmann
1148 - 1152
Article on the characterization of several amphora fragments from Sicily in order to analyse their composition and relations in terms of mineral contents. Neutron diffraction allowed the authors to carry out a detailed quantitative identification of the mineral phases present in the samples. This information together with previously published data, allowed them to hypothesize different geographical attributions for the analysed samples. Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements were performed on both large fragments and powders obtaining mineral phase fractions in good agreement. This approach shows the advantage of the technique in cultural heritage studies requiring non-destructive investigations of intact objects.
Preservation, storage and display of waterlogged wood and wrecks in an aquarium: ``Project Aquarius''
Charlotte Gjelstrup Björdal
Thomas Nilsson
Roland Petterson
1169 - 1177
A test aquarium containing water and waterlogged historical wooden material was observed during a three-year period at Vänernmuseum, Sweden, to test the feasibility of preserving and exhibiting archaeological wood or shipwrecks in a way accessible to the public. Experiments were also set up in a laboratory environment, to provide information on single factors that could influence the long-term preservation state of wood, and other processes that may occur in the water. The results showed that wood can safely be kept in an anoxic aquarium containing water at room temperature. Algae and other microbes may occur initially, but can be removed successfully by appropriate filter systems; the water remains clear. A low-molecular PEG (polyethylene glycol) solution was found to be as successful as water, which indicates a future possibility of combining conservation, storage and display in one process. When archaeological wood contains nails or other iron items, the water darkens, owing to discolouration by anaerobic corrosion processes which involve black iron products. The iron corrosion problem would need to be solved before a full-scale aquarium dedicated to shipwrecks was built. Continued long term studies are recommended.
