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J Archaeol Sci 34 (2)
Title
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Title:
J Archaeol Sci 34 (2)
Series
The series the publication or report is included in
Series:
Journal of Archaeological Science
Volume
Volume number and part
Volume:
34 (2)
Publication Type
The type of publication - report, monograph, journal article or chapter from a book
Publication Type:
Journal
Editor
The editor of the publication or report
Editor:
Karl W Butzer
John P Grattan
Richard G Klein
Thilo Rehren
Publisher
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Publisher:
Elsevier Science
Year of Publication
The year the book, article or report was published
Year of Publication:
2007
Source
Where the record has come from or which dataset it was orginally included in.
Source:
BIAB (The British & Irish Archaeological Bibliography (BIAB))
Relations
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Relations:
URI:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403
Created Date
The date the record of the pubication was first entered
Created Date:
22 Jan 2007
Please click on an Article link to go to the Article Details.
Article Title
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Abstract
Identifying biomolecular origins of solid organic residues preserved in Iron Age Pottery using DTMS and MVA
Tania F M Oudemans
Gert B Eijkel
Jaap J Boon
173 - 193
It is proposed that the chemical characterisation of solid organic residues found in ceramic vessels, can provide archaeologists with valuable information about ancient diets, but that although several selective analytical techniques have been applied to the analysis of specific classes of compounds, such as extractable lipids, waxes, terpenoids and protein fragments, a non-selective analytical technique is required to characterise and categorise complete solid organic residues. In this study, Direct Temperature-resolved Mass Spectrometry (DTMS) was used for the characterisation of thirty-four solid residues situated on vessels recovered from an indigenous settlement from the Roman period in the Netherlands. Sample preparation was limited to grinding very small samples (5--10 1 and A2 consist of charred residues identified as starch-rich foods (mixed with animal or plant products), chemotype C consists of protein-rich charred animal products without starch, chemotype B contains smoke condensates from wood fires, and chemotype D consists of special protein-rich and lipid-free foods or non-food products.
Archaeomagnetic dating of Dogmersfield Park brick kiln (Southern England)
Lluís Casas
Paul K Linford
John Shaw
205 - 213
Archaeomagnetic dating of samples from a brick kiln discovered at Dogmersfield Park, Hampshire, has been achieved using both field direction and intensity. Detailed rock-magnetic properties and microwave archaeointensities have already been studied and published elsewhere (Ll Casas, J Shaw, M Gich, J A Share, `High-quality microwave archaeointensity determinations from an early 18th century brick kiln', Geophys J Int 161 (2005) 653--661). The archaeomagnetic measurements were assigned time-probability distributions by comparing with predictions from a global model at the sampling site; this procedure suppresses errors arising from relocation to a common central reference location. All three probability distributions consistently indicate the same age (~AD 1700). Once the probability distributions are combined a narrower probability distribution is obtained, stressing the importance of pursuing combined (directional and intensity) archaeomagnetic analyses. The inferred age is also highly consistent with available historical evidence.
Detection of archaeological crop marks by using satellite QuickBird multispectral imagery
Rosa Lasaponara
Nicola Masini
214 - 221
The capability of satellite QuickBird imagery for the identification of archaeological crop marks is presented and discussed for two test sites located in the south of Italy. The selected sites, dating back to Middle Ages, were buried under surfaces covered by herbaceous plants characterized by a different phenological status (dry/green) when the satellite data were acquired. The methodological approach adopted for the enhancement and extraction of crop marks is mainly based on the use of data fusion and edge detection algorithm. The main remarkable differences found for the two archaeological sites can be suitably linked to the different state of vegetation that caused a different spectral response. In particular, near infrared (NIR) spectral channel was able to enhance crop marks observed for dry vegetation, whereas Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was found to be more capable of enhancing crop marks observed for green vegetation.
Methods of soil P analysis in archaeology
Vance T Holliday
William G Gartner
301 - 333
It is suggested that although a wide variety of methods have been developed in both soil science and archaeology to extract and measure soil phosphorus (P), resulting in a tremendous amount of data and a wide array of interpretations, there is also considerable confusion over appropriateness of methods and terminology. The primary purpose of the paper is to address these issues by clarifying soil P analyses. Anthropogenic additions of phosphorus to the soil come from human refuse and waste, burials, the products of animal husbandry in barns, pens, and on livestock paths, or intentional enrichment from soil fertilizer. Once added to the soil, phosphorus in its common form as phosphate is stable and generally immobile in soils. Soil P comes in many forms, organized for the purposes of the paper on the basis of extraction and measurement procedures as (1) extraction for available P (Pav); (2) portable field techniques (the spot test or ring test); (3) chemical digestion of a soil sample for total P (Ptot); (4) extractions of inorganic P (Pin) for fractionation studies and extractions to look at individual compounds of P; (5) measurements of organic P (Porg); and (6) extractions for total elemental analysis. To compare the suitability of various extractants as the `best' indicator of human input and activity the authors subjected samples from three very different North American archaeological sites (Lubbock Lake, TX; Hulburt Creek, IA; British Camp, WA) to four methods of soil P extraction: perchloric acid digestion (Ptot), sulfuric--nitric acid extraction Ptot), hydrochloric acid extraction after ignition (Pin), and citric acid extraction (Pav). Further, methods of measurement were compared via colorimetry vs. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry, and the two methods of supposed `total P' were both measured via ICP. In general, the stronger extractants yielded more soil P, but the result are not clear-cut. Likely variables include the intensity of occupation, nature of the parent material, and postdepositional weathering (for example, the addition of dust).