| Abstract: |
Integrated report taking account of all strands of evidence for the development of the abbey of St Mary Stratford Langthorne, Essex, which was founded as a Savigniac house in 1135 and incorporated into the Cistercian Order in 1147; it was suppressed in 1538. Excavations on the site took place between 1973 and 1994. The report is presented in a series of period chapters. Little evidence was found for the monastery's origins, apart from a few very early burials, but it appears that it was established within a pre-existing field system. Limited archaeological evidence for pre-monastic timber buildings was found, and there are documentary indications of a late Saxon/early Norman manorial centre and associated church in the vicinity. The earliest monastic church identified was a simple, aisleless, cruciform structure of the mid-twelfth century. This was partially rebuilt and extended on at least two occasions, the last archaeologically defined building, dated to after c.1220, showing clear relaxation of early Cistercian austerity. To the east of the east claustral range a complex series of truncated footings illustrate parts of the great drain and the monks' infirmary/abbot's lodging area. After c.1350 there is some evidence of a dramatic decline the monastic population and the stagnation of the abbey's architectural development. Of the buildings of the inner and outer courts only one, a guesthouse, has been archaeologically identified with any certainty. A number of thematic essays address research aims, such as the plan of the precinct; the architecture and decoration of the monastery; the people of the monastery; burial customs and cemetery usage. There was a total burial population of 647 individuals, whose remains are analysed and interpreted. The issue of identifying the various elements of the precinct's population is also addressed, as is the conflicting evidence relating to medical care. The skeletal and other evidence is considered in the light of Cistercian and other medieval cemetery sites and known Cistercian legislation. A chapter on the monastery in its wider context looks at issues such as the degree to which St Mary Stratford was affected by its proximity to London, its role within the Cistercian order, evidence for the basis of the monastic economy, and a comparison of the finds assemblage with those of other religious houses. The effects of the Dissolution are discussed, and a critical look is taken at the research aims of the project, with suggested areas for future research. Includes French and German summaries. Separately authored reports include |
