Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 119

Incorporates overview of definitions and background, typological and chronological problems, and economy. Argues that Scotland should not be viewed as a marginal area but as part of a common north-west European lithic industrial tradition. Gives suggestions for future research. AR/MH

Excavation during consolidation clarified the sequence of construction of the cairn. AR

A short cist contained the remains of two adults, one an inhumation and the other a cremation, together with an all-over-cord beaker, five flint barbed and tanged arrowheads, a stone bracer and a flint strike-a-light. AR

More burial evidence from this extensive late Iron Age complex. AR

The broch well yielded organic remains including human coprolites and animal hairs, as well as animal bones, which provide direct evidence for the human diet. Two finds made in the 19th century are discussed by Sally Foster (127-8) as bronze and gold Hiberno-Saxon mounts. AR

A vexillum may have been a normal legionary standard as well as a detachment standard. AR

Argues against the idea that by the Roman period the Caledones may have been restricted to the Great Glen and the upper glens of the Grampians. AR

Historical evidence for a fort at Dundurn in the late 7th century AD is supported by excavation and radiocarbon analysis. Waterlogged deposits preserved environmental evidence and structural timberwork including timber-laced defences and a wattle floor. Finds include E-ware pottery and imported glass, a glass boss, a zoomorphic bronze dangle, a stick-pin mould and a complete leather shoe with stamped decoration. Nuclear forts are discussed as a widespread class of Early Historic stronghold. AR

Detailed description, including X-ray fluorescence analysis, and discussion of the silver and gold brooch found in a 9th century Norse grave in 1963, now known to have been part of a cemetery. An Irish origin is likely for the brooch-pin, possibly in the second quarter of the 8th century, and comparable hinged-pins are discussed. AR

A possible circular timber building on a stone foundation dated to the late 12th century by coins and other artefacts including a bronze buckle-plate decorated with a dragon. Occupation on the site may have continued into the 14th century. AR

The church was rebuilt in the early 17th century but incorporates remains of what may have been an early 12th century Bishop's minster. AR

A circular clay and stone-lined pit contained grain, chiefly carbonized oats, which yielded a radiocarbon date in the 16th century. AR

Recently identified drawings of this Roman building were once in the collection of the antiquary, Sir John Clerk of Penicuik (1676-1755) and date to c 1700, the earliest extant record. AR