Shaw, A. D. (2022). Watching Brief at Lower Thames Crossing Grond Investigations Report on Archaeological and Geoarchaeological Monitoring of Phase 3 Ground Investigations. Wessex Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.5284/1112410. Cite this using datacite

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Title:		 Watching Brief at Lower Thames Crossing Grond Investigations Report on Archaeological and Geoarchaeological Monitoring of Phase 3 Ground Investigations
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Series:		 Wessex Archaeology unpublished report series
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wessexar1-517553_213290.pdf (13 MB) : Download
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DOI
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.5284/1112410
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Publication Type:		 Report (in Series)
Abstract
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Abstract:		 This document reports on the archaeological and geoarchaeological monitoring of LTC Phase 3 Ground Investigations (GI). This monitoring was carried out in compliance with the requirements set out by LTC in A Technical Specification for the Geoarchaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Mitigation of Geotechnical Ground Investigation (HE540039-CJV-GEN-GEN-SPE-GEO-00068), Ground Investigation Specification Land Based Works – Phase 3 (HE540039-CJV-GEN-GEN-SPE-GEO-00101) and the requirements set out in the Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Monitoring and Geoarchaeological Investigations (HE540039-PCI-GEN-GEN-REP-GEO-00102). In addition to monitoring the impact of the GI works themselves upon any archaeological remains, the monitoring programme was designed to inform assessment of the archaeological and geoarchaeological potential of Quaternary deposits within the LTC scheme, specifically of those deposits which were encountered during GI works. The report integrates the results of Phase 3 GI monitoring with those from archaeological and geoarchaeological monitoring of Phase 2 GI (HE540039-PCI-VGT-GEN-REP-GEO-00027, HE540039-PCI-GEN-GEN-REP-GEO-00109 – 00112) and provides recommendations for palaeoenvironmental assessment of samples taken from both phases of monitoring. No significant archaeological evidence was identified during monitoring of Phase 2 or Phase 3 GI. However, geoarchaeological monitoring has added to and refined existing knowledge and understanding of the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and their geoarchaeological potential. Monitoring has also allowed palaeoenvironmental samples suitable for assessment to be recovered from key deposits. Through monitoring in the field, at a logging facility and review of GI logs, sedimentary sequences from 860 Phase 2 and 3 GI interventions have been assessed. Stratigraphic interpretations from all interventions have been provided, allowing Pleistocene and Holocene sequences across much of the proposed scheme to be defined. The updated, integrated record of the Quaternary deposits encountered during GI has been entered into Rockworks™ v17.0. Modelled cross-sections through key deposits within PQ zones have been produced. A database containing lithological deceptions and stratigraphic interpretations for all GIs is also provided. Pleistocene and Holocene deposits were identified and sampled during Phase 2 and 3 GI monitoring which have significant potential to preserve palaeoenvironmental remains, including molluscs, plant macro-fossil and microfossils (including pollen, ostracods, diatoms and foraminifera). Assessment of these samples is recommended. The results will inform the need for and scope of subsequent analysis and help to target and refine further specific geoarchaeological field investigations. Assessment should focus on key deposits with the highest geoarchaeological potential to preserve palaeoenvironmental remains and material suitable for scientific dating, focusing on those samples with the highest stratigraphic integrity. Selected samples which fulfil these criteria are outlined.
Author
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Author:		 Andrew D Shaw
Publisher
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Publisher:		 Wessex Archaeology
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Other Person/Org:		 Historic England review (OASIS Reviewer)
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Year of Publication:		 2022
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Locations:
District: Thurrock
County: Essex
Country: England
Parish: Thurrock, unparished area
Grid Reference: 559634, 183692 (Easting, Northing)
Subjects / Periods
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Subjects / Periods:
WATCHING BRIEF (Event)
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OASIS Id: wessexar1-517553
Report id: 219246
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Created Date:		 15 Aug 2023