Series: Addyman Archaeology unpublished report series

Addyman Archaeology undertook Level 3 Historic Building recording on the site of 10-16 Cloth Market in advance of redevelopment. This work represents the first phase of recording on the site. The work was intended to analyse the various building components within the site boundary and their relative significance. Important architectural features were to be identified and placed within the chronological sequence of the building. The present project works have permitted a review of some of the key issues relating to the understanding of the earlier components of the site and the beginning of a revision of previous interpretation and mapping of the phasing of the site. Within the 10-24 Cloth Market site there is extensive survival of historic plot boundary masonry walling, a notable feature of Newcastle's earlier urban morphology and can be dated to the early post-medieval period. In some instances this is traceable in the form of one or two courses of masonry footing, but in most areas the masonry is upstanding and relatively intact, rising to between one and two stories in height. Many sections retain evidence for structures built up against, most often on their south sides. An assessment of the masonry walling lying upon the historic burgage plot boundary line in Alnwick House Yard on its south side (between Nos.18 and 20 Cloth Market) was made. Buildings 1-3 were assessed in detail and the later development of the site into the later 17th - early 18th century was summarised. Proposals for further recording during the redevelopment project were recommended.

Addyman Archaeology undertook Historic Building Recording at 11 Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh, in advance of its redevelopment into student accommodation. The Building is a Category A Listed Building designed by William Playfair in 1820 and was part of the Calton Scheme for the development of the area. Analysis of both the built fabric and the substantial corpus of original Playfair plans and designs held by the University of Edinburgh was able to identify the substantial remaining Greek Revival fabric and decorative elements of the building, including much intact moulded plasterwork and timber elements. These demonstrate the almost total design control Playfair exercised over the building interiors and design. Four main phases of occupancy and use were identified, from its original construction to its final use, from the 1930s onwards, as the RAF Club. These phases all demonstrate a change from the use of the building as a grand private residence to one used as an entertainment venue and finally as a service personnel's social club. Internal modifications and decorative elements may be attributed to each phase, and the combined documentary and historic fabric record generated provides a valuable corpus of evidence for the material history of an architect-designed Greek Revival structure from the 1820s to the present.

Addyman Archaeology undertook archaeological excavations and watching brief at 21 Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh, in advance of the site's redevelopment as a new distillery for Crabbie's. The current site is composed of three 19th and 20th century light industrial buildings and associated yard. The site lies within lands granted by David I to Holyrood Abbey in the 12th centuy, and a manorial building is shown on the 'Petworth Map' of 1559 embroiled in the Siege of Leith. Formal excavations were conducted in two areas of the site, within the footprint of Building 1 in the south-east area of the site, and north of Building 2 towards the central area of the yard, and a watching brief was maintained across the whole site during ground-disturbing works. The archaeological investigations revealed and recorded remains which may be assigned to three broad phases. The earliest Phase I remains are constituted by buried soils, features and structures dating from the earliest detectable inhabitation of the site up to the construction of Bonnington Old House in the early/mid-17th century. These include linear ditch features, one containing a near-complete ceramic vessel, garden soils, and a substantial rubble-stone wall; finds included lead shot. No features directly associated with the Siege of Leith were definitively identified. Phase II remains are composed of the remnants of Bonnington Old House wall foundations and associated features, including a partially preserved area of late-use timber flooring. Phase III remains are characterised by 19th and 20th century industrial features, structures and deposits, including structural remains of the Bonnington Saw Mill and later large kiln structures associated with the galvanising works of the 20th century.

29-31 High Street, Jedburgh In poor condition, consent had been granted for the demolition of this large street frontage property. Addyman Archaeology recorded the building prior to demolition, and during the strip-out and dismantling. The project demonstrated the structure to be of 17th century date though incorporating remains of an even earlier building, including parts of a stone turnpike stair. Demolition afforded the rare opportunity to scrutinise every part of the structure, and the methods and materials employed in its construction. 17th century floor structures , mostly of oak, remained intact, as did parts of the early roof; from these an important series of tree-ring dates were recovered by dendrochronologist Dr Coralie Mills. The structure was dated to c.1668 making it the latest oak-built vernacular building recorded in Scotland. Though the structure was substantial, of 2½ stories, its masonry was clay-bonded; a variety of stone types were employed, much of this recycled material from earlier buildings. These stones included medieval architectural fragments from an ecclesiastical source, most probably Jedburgh Abbey. The study of this building has very clearly demonstrated the potential for the survival of significant elements of the early townscape, much of this still hidden behind unprepossessing facades.

Addyman undertook archaeological works associated with the demolition of 38 Gardner's Crescent, City of Edinburgh. An initial archaeological building assessment, including desk-based work and inspection and record of the building in its as-existing state, was followed by additional building recording and monitoring during demolition of the structure, and an archaeological watching-brief over ground-breaking works following its removal. Cartographic evidence indicated the structure had been erected upon a green-field site between 1836 and 1851. By the latter date it was established as an L-plan building that had evidently been designed as warehousing. The structure as existing in early 2013, heavily overlain with modern finishes and linings, was found to incorporate the entirety of the earlier L-plan building. This earlier structure was itself found to be of two periods, phase 1 constituting a north/south aligned range fronting onto the west side of Gardner's Crescent, this of three bays, four stories and a loft. The structure was of simple utilitarian character, of rubble masonry sandstone with well-tooled unornamented dressings. Phase 2 represented a northwards extension including a westwards-running jamb. The similarity in construction suggests phase 2 followed on very rapidly from the original build. In the early 20th century the structure was further extended (phase 3). This involved the infilling of the court to the SW, within the re-entrant of the L-plan, to form a larger structure that was approximately square in plan and unified beneath a single new timber roof structure that was in part supported by steel framing. The structure seems still to have been employed for warehouse use. Phase 4 saw conversion in c.1980 for office use.

Addyman Archaeology undertook Historic Building Recording at 61 Forrest Road, Edinburgh prior to the conversion of the former bank building into a restaurant; the building is a Category C Listed Building. The southern wall of the property is on the line of the 17th century Telfer Wall, a Scheduled Monument, part of Edinburgh's Town defences, and the western wall is the eastern wall of the southern extent of the Greyfriars graveyard known as the Covenanters' Prison, a Category A Listed Building. Considering the importance of those features, historic building recording was conducted, with Structure from Motion/Multi-View Stereo model (SfM/MVS) recording of all exposed stone masonry. It appears that the Telfer Wall was truncated when No 61 was built and no trace of it was found inside; the western wall appears to be a completely new build when it was constructed in 1872 and no evidence of the former Covenanters' Prison could be found within it. It appears likely that the western wall reused stone from these earlier features. The investigations revealed a number of features that were blocked latterly: two fireplaces, an opening for running services to the tenement above and a still in use foul water downpipe within the fabric of the wall.

Addyman Archaeology were commissioned to complete an Archaeological evaluation ahead of the proposed development of Aikengall II Windfarm in East Lothian. This was to be complimented by an assessment on site for the potential of archaeological environmental remains. Four trenches were to be excavated across two features identified previously. The first two trenches were opened across a possible drove road. Comparatively little that could be attributed to its original construction or early use was found. Most of the deposits encountered were considered evidence for wheel rutting of more recent times, likely relating to heavy machinery, tractors, etc. Potentially some of the features revealed could represent earlier cart ruts though the extent of the churning suggests heavy machinery. The two trenches across the banked enclosure proved it to be at least in part built from turf and of banked natural clays, apparently using local deposits to form the bank. Ditches identified on either side of the bank are likely to be the quarries for the material to construct the bank. The interior of the enclosure was shown in Trench 3 to contain some degree of surfacing or metalling. No artefactual materials were recovered to indicate age. The assessment of peat depths across site demonstrated these to be predominantly less than 0.30m in depth. While studies have shown such peatlands across East Lothian to contain excellent potential for unaltered paleoenvironmental environments, none have been noted within the development area directly affected by the Aikengall II development.

A desk-based assessment was undertaken including analysis of historic maps, aerial photographs and secondary sources. An archaeological walk-over of the proposed development site was carried out. Visual and setting impact on sites and monuments within a c.2km radius of the site boundary was undertaken.

A full photographic survey was made of the exterior and interior of Washington Old Hall and The Lodge. Pre-existing survey drawings, plans and external elevations were marked up with architectural detail and phasing information. There were no survey drawings of the Lodge but a full photographic survey of the exterior and interior were made, and a register of the photographs included as an appendix. The photographs of the Old Hall were located on plans of the building and included in this report. The onsite recording and this report were based on the previous recording exercise undertaken by Peter Ryder and revised in 2011. The descriptions and phasing within the report were checked on site and found to be a full and accurate account. This report quotes extensively from Ryders report and uses the same system of feature numbering. The numbers were used within the text and were included in the drawings. Reports on the fabric and development of Washington Old Hall were written in 1953 by H L Honeyman and in 1999 (revised in 2011) by Peter Ryder. The information from these reports formed the basis of this report. Honeyman had the advantage of seeing the building before the major restorations were undertaken, it is not always clear on what basis he came to his conclusions with regards to phasing, though much of it appears to be based on historic documentary accounts of the building. He divides the medieval period into two phases, similarly with the 17th century building he also dates the 18th century work to 1792 with a final 19th century phase of work. Peter Ryder who saw the building broadly in its current state based his phasing on Honeyman’s earlier report with an additional phase covering the mid-1950s restoration work. The following is a direct quote from Peter Ryders report detailing the structural development of the house. The accepted picture of the development of the house has been that proposed by Honeyman (1953, 128-135). This is, in brief: i. A medieval house, probably built by Walter of Wessington in the mid to late 13th century. Walling survives in both wings and on the north side of the hall block, although all the walls had been re-faced externally; archways D4 and D5, and the remains of windows E5, were of this period. ii. 14th century. The wood-mullioned window E4 in the west wing, and perhaps some of the smaller fireplaces. iii. Second quarter of the 17th; the house rebuilt very much in its present form. iv Later 17th century; the doorway on the east side of the stair wing (M2) is moved to the adjacent part of the south wall of the hall, where it replaces a window (as shown on Honeyman’s plan, but not spelled out in his text). v. 1792. The interior of the east wing was reconstructed by John Brack, who inserted a new ground-floor window in the south end wall (and placed a dated sundial on the south wall of the stair wing). vi. 19th century. Various changes, including a new stair, made after the abandonment of the attics. Late in the century (perhaps after 1896, when it was offered for sale) the house was divided into tenements. vii. Having been condemned as ‘unfit for human habitation’, and only rescued from demolition after a local committee was formed, from 1936, ‘modern’ internal partitions were removed (and the surviving medieval fabric recognised); actual restoration did not take place until after 1951. The current report has sought to add detail to the previous reports and in particular to produce phased plans and elevations. Due to the difficulty of clearly defining the extent of the fabric surviving from the different phases i and ii, iii and iv had been combined. As stated by Peter Ryder, there is now no physical evidence of the 18th century work therefore it does not appear on the plan.